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BSB
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Genesis 10

BSB·32 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1Thisוְאֵ֙לֶּה֙wə·’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → is the accountתּוֹלְדֹ֣תtō·wl·ḏōṯ — genealogy, lineage, generational accountH8435 — Full Word Study → of Noah’sנֹ֔חַnō·aḥ — Rest, comfortH5146 — Full Word Study → sonsבְּנֵי־bə·nê- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → Shemשֵׁ֖םšêm — Name, ShemH8035 — Full Word Study →, Hamחָ֣םḥām — Hot, warmthH2526 — Full Word Study →, and Japhethוָיָ֑פֶתwā·yā·p̄eṯ — He shall be enlargedH3315 — Full Word Study →, who also had sonsבָּנִ֖יםbā·nîm — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → afterאַחַ֥ר’a·ḥar — after, behind, followingH310 — Full Word Study → the floodהַמַּבּֽוּל׃ham·mab·būl — A great flood or deluge of waterH3999 — Full Word Study →. 2The sonsבְּנֵ֣יbə·nê — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Japhethיֶ֔פֶתye·p̄eṯ — He shall be enlargedH3315 — Full Word Study →: Gomerגֹּ֣מֶרgō·mer — Completion, fullnessH1586 — Full Word Study →, Magogוּמָג֔וֹגū·mā·ḡō·wḡ — Land of GogH4031 — Full Word Study →, Madaiוּמָדַ֖יū·mā·ḏay — The MedesH4074 — Full Word Study →, Javanוְיָוָ֣ןwə·yā·wān — Greece; Greek peopleH3120 — Full Word Study →, Tubalוְתֻבָ֑לwə·ṯu·ḇāl — Son of JaphethH8422 — Full Word Study →, Meshechוּמֶ֖שֶׁךְū·me·šeḵ — A son of JaphethH4902 — Full Word Study →, and Tirasוְתִירָֽס׃wə·ṯî·rās — Son of JaphethH8494 — Full Word Study →. 3The sonsוּבְנֵ֖יū·ḇə·nê — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Gomerגֹּ֑מֶרgō·mer — Completion, fullnessH1586 — Full Word Study →: Ashkenazאַשְׁכֲּנַ֥ז’aš·kă·naz — A northern region or peopleH813 — Full Word Study →, Riphathוְרִיפַ֖תwə·rî·p̄aṯ — Riphath, descendant of JaphethH7384 — Full Word Study →, and Togarmahוְתֹגַרְמָֽה׃wə·ṯō·ḡar·māh — A distant northern nationH8425 — Full Word Study →. 4And the sonsוּבְנֵ֥יū·ḇə·nê — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Javanיָוָ֖ןyā·wān — Greece; Greek peopleH3120 — Full Word Study →: Elishahאֱלִישָׁ֣ה’ĕ·lî·šāh — God is salvationH473 — Full Word Study →, Tarshishוְתַרְשִׁ֑ישׁwə·ṯar·šîš — Distant maritime nationH8659 — Full Word Study →, the Kittitesכִּתִּ֖יםkit·tîm — Cyprus or maritime peoplesH3794 — Full Word Study →, and the Rodanitesוְדֹדָנִֽים׃wə·ḏō·ḏā·nîm — Descendants of DodanimH1721 — Full Word Study →. 5From theseמֵ֠אֵלֶּהmê·’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study →, the maritimeאִיֵּ֤י’î·yê — coastland, distant island, or remote regionH339 — Full Word Study → peoplesהַגּוֹיִם֙hag·gō·w·yim — Nation; a people or ethnic groupH1471 — Full Word Study → separatedנִפְרְד֞וּnip̄·rə·ḏū — to separate, divide, or disperseH6504 — Full Word Study → into their territoriesבְּאַרְצֹתָ֔םbə·’ar·ṣō·ṯām — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →, according to their languagesלִלְשֹׁנ֑וֹlil·šō·nōw — Tongue; language; speechH3956 — Full Word Study →, by clansלְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖םlə·miš·pə·ḥō·ṯām — Family, clan, household groupH4940 — Full Word Study → within their nationsבְּגוֹיֵהֶֽם׃bə·ḡō·w·yê·hem — Nation; a people or ethnic groupH1471 — Full Word Study →. 6The sonsוּבְנֵ֖יū·ḇə·nê — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Hamחָ֑םḥām — Hot, warmthH2526 — Full Word Study →: Cushכּ֥וּשׁkūš — Cush; Ethiopia; a remote African nationH3568 — Full Word Study →, Mizraimוּמִצְרַ֖יִםū·miṣ·ra·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →, Putוּפ֥וּטū·p̄ūṭ — A son of HamH6316 — Full Word Study →, and Canaanוּכְנָֽעַן׃ū·ḵə·nā·‘an — Canaan; the promised land; merchant activityH3667 — Full Word Study →. 7The sonsוּבְנֵ֣יū·ḇə·nê — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Cushכ֔וּשׁḵūš — Cush; Ethiopia; a remote African nationH3568 — Full Word Study →: Sebaסְבָא֙sə·ḇā — A son of CushH5434 — Full Word Study →, Havilahוַֽחֲוִילָ֔הwa·ḥă·wî·lāh — A land of goldH2341 — Full Word Study →, Sabtahוְסַבְתָּ֥הwə·saḇ·tāh — Sabtah, a son of CushH5454 — Full Word Study →, Raamahוְרַעְמָ֖הwə·ra‘·māh — Thunder or thunderingH7484 — Full Word Study →, and Sabtecaוְסַבְתְּכָ֑אwə·saḇ·tə·ḵā — A son of CushH5455 — Full Word Study →. And the sonsוּבְנֵ֥יū·ḇə·nê — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Raamahרַעְמָ֖הra‘·māh — Thunder or thunderingH7484 — Full Word Study →: Shebaשְׁבָ֥אšə·ḇā — Oath, sevenH7614 — Full Word Study → and Dedanוּדְדָֽן׃ū·ḏə·ḏān — Dedan, a Cushite people and their territoryH1719 — Full Word Study →. 8Cushוְכ֖וּשׁwə·ḵūš — Cush; Ethiopia; a remote African nationH3568 — Full Word Study → was the father ofיָלַ֣דyā·laḏ — to give birth, beget, or bear a childH3205 — Full Word Study → Nimrodנִמְרֹ֑דnim·rōḏ — We will rebelH5248 — Full Word Study →, whoה֣וּאhū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → beganהֵחֵ֔לhê·ḥêl — to profane, defile, or beginH2490 — Full Word Study → to beלִֽהְי֥וֹתlih·yō·wṯ — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → a mighty oneגִּבֹּ֖רgib·bōr — mighty man, warrior, strong heroH1368 — Full Word Study → on the earthבָּאָֽרֶץ׃bā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →. 9Heהֽוּא־hū- — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → wasהָיָ֥הhā·yāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → a mightyגִבֹּֽר־ḡib·bōr- — mighty man, warrior, strong heroH1368 — Full Word Study → hunterצַ֖יִדṣa·yiḏ — game; hunted food; provisionsH6718 — Full Word Study → beforeלִפְנֵ֣יlip̄·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֑הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →; soעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → it is saidיֵֽאָמַ֔רyê·’ā·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Like Nimrodכְּנִמְרֹ֛דkə·nim·rōḏ — We will rebelH5248 — Full Word Study →, a mightyגִּבּ֥וֹרgib·bō·wr — mighty man, warrior, strong heroH1368 — Full Word Study → hunterצַ֖יִדṣa·yiḏ — game; hunted food; provisionsH6718 — Full Word Study → beforeלִפְנֵ֥יlip̄·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָֽה׃Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →.” 10His kingdomמַמְלַכְתּוֹ֙mam·laḵ·tōw — Kingdom; sovereign rule or realmH4467 — Full Word Study → beganרֵאשִׁ֤יתrê·šîṯ — Beginning, first, principal, chiefH7225 — Full Word Study → in Babylonבָּבֶ֔לbā·ḇel — Gate of GodH894 — Full Word Study →, Erechוְאֶ֖רֶךְwə·’e·reḵ — Ancient Mesopotamian cityH751 — Full Word Study →, Accadוְאַכַּ֣דwə·’ak·kaḏ — Ancient Mesopotamian cityH390 — Full Word Study →, and Calnehוְכַלְנֵ֑הwə·ḵal·nêh — Calneh (or Calno), an ancient Assyrian cityH3641 — Full Word Study →, in the landבְּאֶ֖רֶץbə·’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Shinarשִׁנְעָֽר׃šin·‘ār — Ancient Mesopotamian regionH8152 — Full Word Study →. 11Fromמִן־min- — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → thatהַהִ֖ואha·hi·w — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → landהָאָ֥רֶץhā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → he went forthיָצָ֣אyā·ṣā — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → into Assyriaאַשּׁ֑וּר’aš·šūr — Assyria, ancient empireH804 — Full Word Study →, where he builtוַיִּ֙בֶן֙way·yi·ḇen — to build, construct, establishH1129 — Full Word Study → Ninevehנִ֣ינְוֵ֔הnî·nə·wêh — Capital of AssyriaH5210 — Full Word Study →, Rehoboth-Irרְחֹבֹ֥תrə·ḥō·ḇōṯ — Wide places, streetsH7344 — Full Word Study →, Calahכָּֽלַח׃kā·laḥ — Calah, ancient Assyrian cityH3625 — Full Word Study →, 12and Resenרֶ֔סֶןre·sen — A city in AssyriaH7449 — Full Word Study →, which is betweenבֵּ֥יןbên — between, among, in the midst ofH996 — Full Word Study → Ninevehנִֽינְוֵ֖הnî·nə·wêh — Capital of AssyriaH5210 — Full Word Study → and the greatהַגְּדֹלָֽה׃hag·gə·ḏō·lāh — Great, mighty, large in size or significanceH1419 — Full Word Study → cityהָעִ֥ירhā·‘îr — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study → of Calahכָּ֑לַחkā·laḥ — Calah, ancient Assyrian cityH3625 — Full Word Study →. 13Mizraimוּמִצְרַ֡יִםū·miṣ·ra·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study → was the father ofיָלַ֞דyā·laḏ — to give birth, beget, or bear a childH3205 — Full Word Study → the Luditesלוּדִ֧יםlū·ḏîm — Person from LudH3866 — Full Word Study →, the Anamitesעֲנָמִ֛ים‘ă·nā·mîm — Descendants of HamH6047 — Full Word Study →, the Lehabitesלְהָבִ֖יםlə·hā·ḇîm — Egyptian people groupH3853 — Full Word Study →, the Naphtuhitesנַפְתֻּחִֽים׃nap̄·tu·ḥîm — Egyptian people groupH5320 — Full Word Study →, 14the Pathrusitesפַּתְרֻסִ֞יםpaṯ·ru·sîm — People of Upper EgyptH6625 — Full Word Study →, the Casluhitesכַּסְלֻחִ֗יםkas·lu·ḥîm — Egyptian people groupH3695 — Full Word Study → (fromמִשָּׁ֛םmiš·šām — There, in that placeH8033 — Full Word Study → whomאֲשֶׁ֨ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖יםpə·liš·tîm — PhilistineH6430 — Full Word Study → cameיָצְא֥וּyā·ṣə·’ū — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study →), andוְאֶת־wə·’eṯ- — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → the Caphtoritesכַּפְתֹּרִֽים׃סkap̄·tō·rîm — People of CaphtorH3732 — Full Word Study →. 15And Canaanוּכְנַ֗עַןū·ḵə·na·‘an — Canaan; the promised land; merchant activityH3667 — Full Word Study → was the father ofיָלַ֛דyā·laḏ — to give birth, beget, or bear a childH3205 — Full Word Study → Sidonצִידֹ֥ןṣî·ḏōn — Fishery or huntingH6721 — Full Word Study → his firstbornבְּכֹר֖וֹbə·ḵō·rōw — firstborn son; first offspring; heirH1060 — Full Word Study →, and ofוְאֶת־wə·’eṯ- — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → the Hittitesחֵֽת׃ḥêṯ — Son of CanaanH2845 — Full Word Study →, 16the Jebusitesהַיְבוּסִי֙hay·ḇū·sî — Inhabitant of JebusH2983 — Full Word Study →, the Amoritesהָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔יhā·’ĕ·mō·rî — Canaanite peoplesH567 — Full Word Study →, the Girgashitesהַגִּרְגָּשִֽׁי׃hag·gir·gā·šî — Girgashite peopleH1622 — Full Word Study →, 17the Hivitesהַֽחִוִּ֥יha·ḥiw·wî — Hivite peopleH2340 — Full Word Study →, the Arkitesהַֽעַרְקִ֖יha·‘ar·qî — Inhabitant of ArkaH6208 — Full Word Study →, the Sinitesהַסִּינִֽי׃has·sî·nî — Inhabitant of SinimH5513 — Full Word Study →, 18the Arvaditesהָֽאַרְוָדִ֥יhā·’ar·wā·ḏî — Inhabitant of ArvadH721 — Full Word Study →, the Zemaritesהַצְּמָרִ֖יhaṣ·ṣə·mā·rî — Inhabitant of ZemarH6786 — Full Word Study →, and the Hamathitesהַֽחֲמָתִ֑יha·ḥă·mā·ṯî — Inhabitant of HamathH2577 — Full Word Study →. Laterוְאַחַ֣רwə·’a·ḥar — after, behind, followingH310 — Full Word Study → the Canaaniteהַֽכְּנַעֲנִֽי׃hak·kə·na·‘ă·nî — Canaanite; merchant or traderH3669 — Full Word Study → clansמִשְׁפְּח֖וֹתmiš·pə·ḥō·wṯ — Family, clan, household groupH4940 — Full Word Study → were scatteredנָפֹ֔צוּnā·p̄ō·ṣū — to scatter, disperse, or break apartH6327 — Full Word Study →, 19and the bordersגְּב֤וּלgə·ḇūl — boundary, border, or limit of a regionH1366 — Full Word Study → of Canaanהַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙hak·kə·na·‘ă·nî — Canaanite; merchant or traderH3669 — Full Word Study → extended fromוַֽיְהִ֞יway·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → Sidonמִצִּידֹ֔ןmiṣ·ṣî·ḏōn — Fishery or huntingH6721 — Full Word Study → toward Gerarגְרָ֖רָהḡə·rā·rāh — A valley in southern CanaanH1642 — Full Word Study → asעַד־‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → far as Gazaעַזָּ֑ה‘az·zāh — A coastal cityH5804 — Full Word Study →, and thenבֹּאֲכָ֞הbō·’ă·ḵāh — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → toward Sodomסְדֹ֧מָהsə·ḏō·māh — Burnt or scorchedH5467 — Full Word Study →, Gomorrahוַעֲמֹרָ֛הwa·‘ă·mō·rāh — Gomorrah, a condemned cityH6017 — Full Word Study →, Admahוְאַדְמָ֥הwə·’aḏ·māh — Earth, ground, soilH126 — Full Word Study →, and Zeboiimוּצְבֹיִ֖םū·ṣə·ḇō·yim — Hyenas or gazellesH6636 — Full Word Study →, asעַד־‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → far as Lashaלָֽשַׁע׃lā·ša‘ — A boundary placeH3962 — Full Word Study →. 20These are the sonsבְנֵי־ḇə·nê- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Hamחָ֔םḥām — Hot, warmthH2526 — Full Word Study → according to their clansלְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖םlə·miš·pə·ḥō·ṯām — Family, clan, household groupH4940 — Full Word Study →, languagesלִלְשֹֽׁנֹתָ֑םlil·šō·nō·ṯām — Tongue; language; speechH3956 — Full Word Study →, landsבְּאַרְצֹתָ֖םbə·’ar·ṣō·ṯām — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →, and nationsבְּגוֹיֵהֶֽם׃סbə·ḡō·w·yê·hem — Nation; a people or ethnic groupH1471 — Full Word Study →. 21And sons were also bornיֻלַּ֖דyul·laḏ — to give birth, beget, or bear a childH3205 — Full Word Study → to Shemוּלְשֵׁ֥םū·lə·šêm — Name, ShemH8035 — Full Word Study →, the olderהַגָּדֽוֹל׃hag·gā·ḏō·wl — Great, mighty, large in size or significanceH1419 — Full Word Study → brotherאֲחִ֖י’ă·ḥî — Male sibling; brother; kinsmanH251 — Full Word Study → of Japheth; Shem was the forefatherאֲבִי֙’ă·ḇî — H1 — Full Word Study → of allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the sonsבְּנֵי־bə·nê- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Eberעֵ֔בֶר‘ê·ḇer — EberH5677 — Full Word Study →. 22The sonsבְּנֵ֥יbə·nê — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Shemשֵׁ֖םšêm — Name, ShemH8035 — Full Word Study →: Elamעֵילָ֣ם‘ê·lām — Elam; a descendant of Shem and his territoryH5867 — Full Word Study →, Asshurוְאַשּׁ֑וּרwə·’aš·šūr — Assyria, ancient empireH804 — Full Word Study →, Arphaxadוְאַרְפַּכְשַׁ֖דwə·’ar·paḵ·šaḏ — A son of ShemH775 — Full Word Study →, Ludוְל֥וּדwə·lūḏ — A son of ShemH3865 — Full Word Study →, and Aramוַֽאֲרָֽם׃wa·’ă·rām — Ancient Mesopotamian regionH758 — Full Word Study →. 23The sonsוּבְנֵ֖יū·ḇə·nê — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Aramאֲרָ֑ם’ă·rām — Ancient Mesopotamian regionH758 — Full Word Study →: Uzע֥וּץ‘ūṣ — Land of UzH5780 — Full Word Study →, Hulוְח֖וּלwə·ḥūl — A son of AramH2343 — Full Word Study →, Getherוְגֶ֥תֶרwə·ḡe·ṯer — A son of AramH1666 — Full Word Study →, and Mashוָמַֽשׁ׃wā·maš — A son of AramH4851 — Full Word Study →. 24Arphaxadוְאַרְפַּכְשַׁ֖דwə·’ar·paḵ·šaḏ — A son of ShemH775 — Full Word Study → was the father ofיָלַ֣דyā·laḏ — to give birth, beget, or bear a childH3205 — Full Word Study → Shelahשָׁ֑לַחšā·laḥ — Shelah, a son of JudahH7974 — Full Word Study →, and Shelahוְשֶׁ֖לַחwə·še·laḥ — Shelah, a son of JudahH7974 — Full Word Study → was the father ofיָלַ֥דyā·laḏ — to give birth, beget, or bear a childH3205 — Full Word Study → Eberעֵֽבֶר׃‘ê·ḇer — EberH5677 — Full Word Study →. 25Twoשְׁנֵ֣יšə·nê — The number two; a pair or coupleH8147 — Full Word Study → sonsבָנִ֑יםḇā·nîm — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → were bornיֻלַּ֖דyul·laḏ — to give birth, beget, or bear a childH3205 — Full Word Study → to Eberוּלְעֵ֥בֶרū·lə·‘ê·ḇer — EberH5677 — Full Word Study →: Oneהָֽאֶחָ֞דhā·’e·ḥāḏ — One; unity; single; firstH259 — Full Word Study → was namedשֵׁ֣םšêm — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study → Pelegפֶּ֗לֶגpe·leḡ — Division, separationH6389 — Full Word Study →, becauseכִּ֤יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → in his daysבְיָמָיו֙ḇə·yā·māw — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → the earthהָאָ֔רֶץhā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → was dividedנִפְלְגָ֣הnip̄·lə·ḡāh — to divide, split, or cleave apartH6385 — Full Word Study →, and his brotherאָחִ֖יו’ā·ḥîw — Male sibling; brother; kinsmanH251 — Full Word Study → was namedוְשֵׁ֥םwə·šêm — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study → Joktanיָקְטָֽן׃yā·qə·ṭān — He will be made smallH3355 — Full Word Study →. 26And Joktanוְיָקְטָ֣ןwə·yā·qə·ṭān — He will be made smallH3355 — Full Word Study → was the father ofיָלַ֔דyā·laḏ — to give birth, beget, or bear a childH3205 — Full Word Study → Almodadאַלְמוֹדָ֖ד’al·mō·w·ḏāḏ — God is weightH486 — Full Word Study →, Shelephשָׁ֑לֶףšā·lep̄ — A son of JoktanH8026 — Full Word Study →, Hazarmavethחֲצַרְמָ֖וֶתḥă·ṣar·mā·weṯ — Hazarmaveth - Enclosed Valley of DeathH2700 — Full Word Study →, Jerahיָֽרַח׃yā·raḥ — Moon; lunar monthH3392 — Full Word Study →, 27Hadoramהֲדוֹרָ֥םhă·ḏō·w·rām — Hadoram, a descendant of Joktan and his tribal nameH1913 — Full Word Study →, Uzalאוּזָ֖ל’ū·zāl — A distant trading cityH187 — Full Word Study →, Diklahדִּקְלָֽה׃diq·lāh — Palm tree or date palmH1853 — Full Word Study →, 28Obalעוֹבָ֥ל‘ō·w·ḇāl — Son of JoktanH5745 — Full Word Study →, Abimaelאֲבִֽימָאֵ֖ל’ă·ḇî·mā·’êl — Abimael, a descendant of ShemH39 — Full Word Study →, Shebaשְׁבָֽא׃šə·ḇā — Oath, sevenH7614 — Full Word Study →, 29Ophirאוֹפִ֥ר’ō·w·p̄ir — A distant gold-rich landH211 — Full Word Study →, Havilahחֲוִילָ֖הḥă·wî·lāh — A land of goldH2341 — Full Word Study →, and Jobabיוֹבָ֑בyō·w·ḇāḇ — He whom Jehovah lovesH3103 — Full Word Study →. Allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → theseאֵ֖לֶּה’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → were sons of Joktanיָקְטָֽן׃yā·qə·ṭān — He will be made smallH3355 — Full Word Study →. 30Their territoryמוֹשָׁבָ֖םmō·wō·šā·ḇām — Seat, dwelling place, settlementH4186 — Full Word Study → extended fromבֹּאֲכָ֥הbō·’ă·ḵāh — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → Meshaמִמֵּשָׁ֑אmim·mê·šā — Mesha, a biblical nameH4852 — Full Word Study → to Sepharסְפָ֖רָהsə·p̄ā·rāh — A boundary mountainH5611 — Full Word Study →, in the easternהַקֶּֽדֶם׃haq·qe·ḏem — East; ancient times; beforeH6924 — Full Word Study → hill countryהַ֥רhar — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study →. 31Theseאֵ֣לֶּה’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → are the sonsבְנֵי־ḇə·nê- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Shemשֵׁ֔םšêm — Name, ShemH8035 — Full Word Study →, according to their clansלְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖םlə·miš·pə·ḥō·ṯām — Family, clan, household groupH4940 — Full Word Study →, languagesלִלְשֹׁנֹתָ֑םlil·šō·nō·ṯām — Tongue; language; speechH3956 — Full Word Study →, landsבְּאַרְצֹתָ֖םbə·’ar·ṣō·ṯām — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →, and nationsלְגוֹיֵהֶֽם׃lə·ḡō·w·yê·hem — Nation; a people or ethnic groupH1471 — Full Word Study →. 32All theseאֵ֣לֶּה’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → are the clansמִשְׁפְּחֹ֧תmiš·pə·ḥōṯ — Family, clan, household groupH4940 — Full Word Study → of Noah’sנֹ֛חַnō·aḥ — Rest, comfortH5146 — Full Word Study → sonsבְּנֵי־bə·nê- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study →, according to their generationsלְתוֹלְדֹתָ֖םlə·ṯō·wl·ḏō·ṯām — genealogy, lineage, generational accountH8435 — Full Word Study → and nationsבְּגוֹיֵהֶ֑םbə·ḡō·w·yê·hem — Nation; a people or ethnic groupH1471 — Full Word Study →. From theseוּמֵאֵ֜לֶּהū·mê·’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → the nationsהַגּוֹיִ֛םhag·gō·w·yim — Nation; a people or ethnic groupH1471 — Full Word Study → of the earthבָּאָ֖רֶץbā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → spread outנִפְרְד֧וּnip̄·rə·ḏū — to separate, divide, or disperseH6504 — Full Word Study → afterאַחַ֥ר’a·ḥar — after, behind, followingH310 — Full Word Study → the floodהַמַּבּֽוּל׃פham·mab·būl — A great flood or deluge of waterH3999 — Full Word Study →.
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Chapter Commentary — Genesis 10
Chapter Overview

Genesis 10: The Table of Nations

Genesis 10, often called the Table of Nations, provides a genealogical record of how humanity spread across the earth after Noah's flood. This chapter traces the descendants of Noah's three sons—Japheth, Ham, and Shem—establishing the foundation for understanding the different peoples and languages of the world. Rather than being merely a dry list of names, this passage demonstrates God's sovereignty over human history and His faithfulness in preserving and multiplying mankind despite the judgment of the flood. The chapter culminates in verse 32 with the crucial truth that the nations were divided in the earth after the flood, setting the stage for the Tower of Babel account that follows in Genesis 11.

Verses 1-5: The Sons of Japheth

Moses begins by recording the sons of Japheth and their descendants. Japheth's line includes Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras, with further subdivisions listed in verses 3-4. These names represent peoples who settled primarily in the regions around the Mediterranean, Asia Minor, and beyond—what we might call the Indo-European nations. Verse 5 offers an important interpretive key: "By these were the isles of the Gentiles divided in their lands; every one after his tongue, after their families, in their nations." This verse emphasizes that God's design included the multiplication of languages and distinct family groups, each maintaining their own identity. There is no hint of shame or disorder here—God was ordaining diversity.

Verses 6-20: The Sons of Ham

Ham's descendants are then listed, including Cush, Mizraim, Phut, and Canaan. Verse 8 introduces Nimrod, a figure of particular biblical and historical significance. Described as "a mighty one in the earth" and "a mighty hunter before the LORD" (v. 9), Nimrod represents early human ambition and power. His kingdom centered on Babel—the very city that will become the symbol of human rebellion against God in Genesis 11. This placement is theologically significant: the narrator subtly associates Nimrod's earthly greatness with the pride that will shortly manifest in the Tower of Babel. The descendants of Canaan (vv. 15-18) are especially important for Israel's future history, as these are the nations that Israel would encounter and eventually dispossess under Joshua's leadership. The geographic boundaries described in verse 19 define the promised land's extent.

Verses 21-32: The Sons of Shem

Shem receives special attention, introduced in verse 21 as "the father of all the children of Eber." This lineage is crucial because it leads directly to Abraham and the nation of Israel. The genealogy progresses through Arphaxad to Salah to Eber (vv. 22-24), and then divides into two lines through Peleg and Joktan. Verse 25 notes that "in his days was the earth divided"—likely referring to the division of languages at Babel. Shem's line, culminating in the people of Israel, receives the promise of blessing and covenant relationship with God. The contrast is instructive: Japheth spreads broadly across the nations; Ham's descendants (particularly Canaan) will face curse and displacement; but Shem's line preserves the lineage through which God will work salvation history.

Application for Today

Genesis 10 reminds us that God is the sovereign Lord of all nations and peoples. Though we live in a world of competing kingdoms, divided languages, and political conflict, Scripture assures us that God's purposes will be fulfilled. The gospel message—the good news of Christ—is meant for all nations, tongues, and peoples (Rev. 7:9). As believers, we are called to recognize God's hand in world history and to participate in His mission to reach every corner of humanity with the message of redemption.

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