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Nehemiah 1

BSB·11 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1These are the words of Nehemiahנְחֶמְיָ֖הnə·ḥem·yāh — Comfort of the LordH5166 — Full Word Study → sonבֶּן־ben- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Hacaliahחֲכַלְיָ֑הḥă·ḵal·yāh — God's portionH2446 — Full Word Study →: In the monthבְחֹֽדֶשׁ־ḇə·ḥō·ḏeš- — A month; lunar period; new moonH2320 — Full Word Study → of Chislevכִּסְלֵוkis·lēw — Ninth Hebrew monthH3691 — Full Word Study →, in the twentiethעֶשְׂרִ֔ים‘eś·rîm — The number twenty; a complete group or scoreH6242 — Full Word Study → yearשְׁנַ֣תšə·naṯ — Year; period of time or ageH8141 — Full Word Study →, while Iוַאֲנִ֥יwa·’ă·nî — I, me, myself (first person singular pronoun)H589 — Full Word Study → wasהָיִ֖יתִיhā·yî·ṯî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → in the citadelהַבִּירָֽה׃hab·bî·rāh — palace, fortified citadelH1002 — Full Word Study → of Susaבְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ןbə·šū·šan — Capital of PersiaH7800 — Full Word Study →, 2Hananiחֲנָ֜נִיḥă·nā·nî — He showed favorH2607 — Full Word Study →, oneאֶחָ֧ד’e·ḥāḏ — One; unity; single; firstH259 — Full Word Study → of my brothersמֵאַחַ֛יmê·’a·ḥay — Male sibling; brother; kinsmanH251 — Full Word Study →, arrivedוַיָּבֹ֨אway·yā·ḇō — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → with menוַאֲנָשִׁ֖יםwa·’ă·nā·šîm — human being, man, mortal personH582 — Full Word Study → from Judahמִֽיהוּדָ֑הmî·hū·ḏāh — The Lord is praisedH3063 — Full Word Study →. So I questioned themוָאֶשְׁאָלֵ֞םwā·’eš·’ā·lêm — to ask, request, inquire, or demandH7592 — Full Word Study → aboutעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the remnantהַפְּלֵיטָ֛הhap·pə·lê·ṭāh — Survivor; remnant of those who escapeH6413 — Full Word Study → of the Jewsהַיְּהוּדִ֧יםhay·yə·hū·ḏîm — A Jew; descendant of JudahH3064 — Full Word Study → whoאֲשֶֽׁר־’ă·šer- — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → had survivedנִשְׁאֲר֥וּniš·’ă·rū — To remain, be left over, surviveH7604 — Full Word Study → the exileהַשֶּׁ֖בִיhaš·še·ḇî — captivity, exile, or the captured/enslaved peopleH7628 — Full Word Study →, and also aboutוְעַל־wə·‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → Jerusalemיְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃yə·rū·šā·lim — City of peaceH3389 — Full Word Study →. 3And they toldוַיֹּאמְרוּ֮way·yō·mə·rū — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → me, “The remnantהַֽנִּשְׁאָרִ֞יםhan·niš·’ā·rîm — To remain, be left over, surviveH7604 — Full Word Study → whoאֲשֶֽׁר־’ă·šer- — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → survivedנִשְׁאֲר֤וּniš·’ă·rū — To remain, be left over, surviveH7604 — Full Word Study → the exileהַשְּׁבִי֙haš·šə·ḇî — captivity, exile, or the captured/enslaved peopleH7628 — Full Word Study → are there in the provinceבַּמְּדִינָ֔הbam·mə·ḏî·nāh — province; administrative districtH4082 — Full Word Study →, in greatגְדֹלָ֖הḡə·ḏō·lāh — Great, mighty, large in size or significanceH1419 — Full Word Study → troubleבְּרָעָ֥הbə·rā·‘āh — evil, bad, harm, disasterH7451 — Full Word Study → and disgraceוּבְחֶרְפָּ֑הū·ḇə·ḥer·pāh — Reproach, shame, insultH2781 — Full Word Study →. The wallוְחוֹמַ֤תwə·ḥō·w·maṯ — A fortified wall or defensive barrierH2346 — Full Word Study → of Jerusalemיְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙yə·rū·šā·lim — City of peaceH3389 — Full Word Study → is broken down, and its gatesוּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָū·šə·‘ā·re·hā — Gate; entrance to a city or enclosureH8179 — Full Word Study → are burned with fireבָאֵֽשׁ׃ḇā·’êš — Fire; flame; burningH784 — Full Word Study →.” 4When I heardכְּשָׁמְעִ֣י׀kə·šā·mə·‘î — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → theseהָאֵ֗לֶּהhā·’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → wordsהַדְּבָרִ֣יםhad·də·ḇā·rîm — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study →, I sat downיָשַׁ֙בְתִּי֙yā·šaḇ·tî — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → and weptוָֽאֶבְכֶּ֔הwā·’eḇ·keh — to weep, cry, shed tearsH1058 — Full Word Study →. I mournedוָאֶתְאַבְּלָ֖הwā·’eṯ·’ab·bə·lāh — To mourn, lament, or grieveH56 — Full Word Study → for daysיָמִ֑יםyā·mîm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study →, fastingצָם֙ṣām — to abstain from food; to fastH6684 — Full Word Study → and prayingוּמִתְפַּלֵּ֔לū·miṯ·pal·lêl — to pray, intercede, or judgeH6419 — Full Word Study → beforeלִפְנֵ֖יlip̄·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → the Godאֱלֹהֵ֥י’ĕ·lō·hê — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → of heavenהַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃haš·šā·mā·yim — The heavens; sky; dwelling place of GodH8064 — Full Word Study →. 5Then I saidוָאֹמַ֗רwā·’ō·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →: “Oאָֽנָּ֤א’ān·nā — Please; I beseech you; earnest petitionH577 — Full Word Study → LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →, Godאֱלֹהֵ֣י’ĕ·lō·hê — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → of heavenהַשָּׁמַ֔יִםhaš·šā·ma·yim — The heavens; sky; dwelling place of GodH8064 — Full Word Study →, the greatהַגָּד֖וֹלhag·gā·ḏō·wl — Great, mighty, large in size or significanceH1419 — Full Word Study → and awesomeוְהַנּוֹרָ֑אwə·han·nō·w·rā — to fear, revere, or be afraidH3372 — Full Word Study → Godהָאֵ֥לhā·’êl — God, Mighty OneH410 — Full Word Study → who keepsשֹׁמֵ֤רšō·mêr — To guard, keep, observe, preserveH8104 — Full Word Study → His covenantהַבְּרִית֙hab·bə·rîṯ — A binding agreement or covenant between partiesH1285 — Full Word Study → of loving devotionוָחֶ֔סֶדwā·ḥe·seḏ — Covenant loyalty and steadfast kindnessH2617 — Full Word Study → with those who love Himלְאֹהֲבָ֖יוlə·’ō·hă·ḇāw — To love; affection, attachment, or preferenceH157 — Full Word Study → and keepוּלְשֹׁמְרֵ֥יū·lə·šō·mə·rê — To guard, keep, observe, preserveH8104 — Full Word Study → His commandmentsמִצְוֺתָֽיו׃miṣ·wō·ṯāw — A command or commandment; divine instruction or lawH4687 — Full Word Study →, 6let Your eyesוְֽעֵינֶ֪יךָwə·‘ê·ne·ḵā — Eye; sight; appearance; fountainH5869 — Full Word Study → beתְּהִ֣יtə·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → openפְתֻוּח֟וֹתp̄ə·ṯuw·w·ḥōṯ — to open, loosen, or beginH6605 — Full Word Study → and Your earsאָזְנְךָֽ־’ā·zə·nə·ḵā- — Ear; the organ of hearing and listeningH241 — Full Word Study → attentiveקַשֶּׁ֣בֶתqaš·še·ḇeṯ — To listen attentively, give heed, pay attentionH7183 — Full Word Study → to hearלִשְׁמֹ֣עַliš·mō·a‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → the prayerתְּפִלַּ֣תtə·p̄il·laṯ — Prayer; formal or spontaneous petition to GodH8605 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁ֣ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → Iאָנֹכִי֩’ā·nō·ḵî — I, myself (first-person singular pronoun)H595 — Full Word Study →, Your servantעַבְדְּךָ֡‘aḇ·də·ḵā — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study →, nowהַיּוֹם֙hay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → prayמִתְפַּלֵּ֨לmiṯ·pal·lêl — to pray, intercede, or judgeH6419 — Full Word Study → before Youלְפָנֶ֤יךָlə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → dayיוֹמָ֣םyō·w·mām — During the day; daytime; by dayH3119 — Full Word Study → and nightוָלַ֔יְלָהwā·lay·lāh — Night, darkness, the period of darknessH3915 — Full Word Study → forעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → Your servantsעֲבָדֶ֑יךָ‘ă·ḇā·ḏe·ḵā — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study →, the Israelitesבְּנֵ֥יbə·nê — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study →. I confessוּמִתְוַדֶּ֗הū·miṯ·wad·deh — To give thanks, praise, or acknowledgeH3034 — Full Word Study → the sinsחַטֹּ֤אותḥaṭ·ṭō·wṯ — sin; sin offering; sinfulnessH2403 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁ֣ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → we Israelitesבְּנֵֽי־bə·nê- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → have committedחָטָ֣אנוּḥā·ṭā·nū — To sin; to miss the mark; to commit wrongdoingH2398 — Full Word Study → against You. Both Iוַאֲנִ֥יwa·’ă·nî — I, me, myself (first person singular pronoun)H589 — Full Word Study → and my father’sאָבִ֖י’ā·ḇî — H1 — Full Word Study → houseוּבֵית־ū·ḇêṯ- — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study → have sinnedחָטָֽאנוּ׃ḥā·ṭā·nū — To sin; to miss the mark; to commit wrongdoingH2398 — Full Word Study →. 7We have behaved corruptlyחֲבֹ֖לḥă·ḇōl — to bind, pledge, or destroyH2254 — Full Word Study → against You and have notוְלֹא־wə·lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → keptשָׁמַ֣רְנוּšā·mar·nū — To guard, keep, observe, preserveH8104 — Full Word Study → the commandmentsהַמִּצְוֺ֗תham·miṣ·wōṯ — A command or commandment; divine instruction or lawH4687 — Full Word Study →, statutesהַֽחֻקִּים֙ha·ḥuq·qîm — A statute or decree; an appointed rule or lawH2706 — Full Word Study →, and ordinancesהַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔יםham·miš·pā·ṭîm — Justice, judgment, or legal decisionH4941 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → You gaveצִוִּ֖יתָṣiw·wî·ṯā — to command, order, or appoint with authorityH6680 — Full Word Study → Your servantעַבְדֶּֽךָ׃‘aḇ·de·ḵā — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → Mosesמֹשֶׁ֥הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study →. 8Rememberזְכָר־zə·ḵār- — to remember, recall, or mentionH2142 — Full Word Study →, I prayנָא֙nā — Please, I beseech, I prayH4994 — Full Word Study →, the wordהַדָּבָ֔רhad·dā·ḇār — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → You commandedצִוִּ֛יתָṣiw·wî·ṯā — to command, order, or appoint with authorityH6680 — Full Word Study → Your servantעַבְדְּךָ֖‘aḇ·də·ḵā — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → Mosesמֹשֶׁ֥הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → when You saidלֵאמֹ֑רlê·mōr — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, ‘If youאַתֶּ֣ם’at·tem — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → are unfaithfulתִּמְעָ֔לוּtim·‘ā·lū — to act treacherously; betray trust through unfaithfulnessH4603 — Full Word Study →, Iאֲנִ֕י’ă·nî — I, me, myself (first person singular pronoun)H589 — Full Word Study → will scatterאָפִ֥יץ’ā·p̄îṣ — to scatter, disperse, or break apartH6327 — Full Word Study → youאֶתְכֶ֖ם’eṯ·ḵem — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → among the nationsבָּעַמִּֽים׃bā·‘am·mîm — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →, 9but if you return to Meאֵלַ֔י’ê·lay — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → and keepוּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ū·šə·mar·tem — To guard, keep, observe, preserveH8104 — Full Word Study → and practiceוַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖םwa·‘ă·śî·ṯem — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → My commandmentsמִצְוֺתַ֔יmiṣ·wō·ṯay — A command or commandment; divine instruction or lawH4687 — Full Word Study →, then even ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → your exilesנִֽדַּחֲכֶ֜םnid·da·ḥă·ḵem — to drive away, banish, or thrust outH5080 — Full Word Study → have beenיִהְיֶ֨הyih·yeh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → banished to the farthest horizonהַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙haš·šā·ma·yim — The heavens; sky; dwelling place of GodH8064 — Full Word Study →, I will gather themאֲקַבְּצֵ֔ם’ă·qab·bə·ṣêm — to gather, assemble, or collect togetherH6908 — Full Word Study → from thereמִשָּׁ֣םmiš·šām — There, in that placeH8033 — Full Word Study → and bring themוַהֲבוֹאֹתִיםwa·hă·ḇō·ʾō·ṯīm — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the placeהַמָּק֔וֹםham·mā·qō·wm — A place, location, or spaceH4725 — Full Word Study → I have chosenבָּחַ֔רְתִּיbā·ḥar·tî — To choose, select, or preferH977 — Full Word Study → as a dwellingלְשַׁכֵּ֥ןlə·šak·kên — To dwell, inhabit, or settle in a placeH7931 — Full Word Study → forאֶת־’eṯ- — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → My Nameשְׁמִ֖יšə·mî — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study →.’ 10Theyוְהֵ֥םwə·hêm — They, them (masculine plural pronoun)H1992 — Full Word Study → are Your servantsעֲבָדֶ֖יךָ‘ă·ḇā·ḏe·ḵā — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → and Your peopleוְעַמֶּ֑ךָwə·‘am·me·ḵā — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →. You redeemedפָּדִ֙יתָ֙pā·ḏî·ṯā — to redeem, ransom, or buy backH6299 — Full Word Study → themאֲשֶׁ֤ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → by Your greatהַגָּד֔וֹלhag·gā·ḏō·wl — Great, mighty, large in size or significanceH1419 — Full Word Study → powerבְּכֹחֲךָ֣bə·ḵō·ḥă·ḵā — Strength, power, might, or abilityH3581 — Full Word Study → and mightyהַחֲזָקָֽה׃ha·ḥă·zā·qāh — Strong, mighty, firm, courageousH2389 — Full Word Study → handוּבְיָדְךָ֖ū·ḇə·yā·ḏə·ḵā — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study →. 11O Lordאֲדֹנָ֗י’ă·ḏō·nāy — Master, LordH136 — Full Word Study →, may Your earאָזְנְךָֽ־’ā·zə·nə·ḵā- — Ear; the organ of hearing and listeningH241 — Full Word Study → beתְּהִ֣יtə·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → attentiveקַ֠שֶּׁבֶתqaš·še·ḇeṯ — To listen attentively, give heed, pay attentionH7183 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → my prayer and toוְאֶל־wə·’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the prayersתְּפִלַּ֣תtə·p̄il·laṯ — Prayer; formal or spontaneous petition to GodH8605 — Full Word Study → of Your servantsעֲבָדֶ֗יךָ‘ă·ḇā·ḏe·ḵā — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → who delightהַֽחֲפֵצִים֙ha·ḥă·p̄ê·ṣîm — to delight in; to desire; to be pleased withH2655 — Full Word Study → to revereלְיִרְאָ֣הlə·yir·’āh — to fear, revere, or be afraidH3372 — Full Word Study → Your nameשְׁמֶ֔ךָšə·me·ḵā — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study →. Give Your servantלְעַבְדְּךָ֙lə·‘aḇ·də·ḵā — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → successוְהַצְלִֽיחָה־wə·haṣ·lî·ḥāh- — To prosper, succeed, push forwardH6743 — Full Word Study → this dayהַיּ֔וֹםhay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study →, I prayנָּ֤אnā — Please, I beseech, I prayH4994 — Full Word Study →, and grant himוּתְנֵ֣הוּū·ṯə·nê·hū — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → mercyלְרַחֲמִ֔יםlə·ra·ḥă·mîm — Compassion, mercy, womb; deep emotional affectionH7356 — Full Word Study → in the sightלִפְנֵ֖יlip̄·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → of thisהַזֶּ֑הhaz·zeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study → manהָאִ֣ישׁhā·’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study →.” (At that time Iוַאֲנִ֛יwa·’ă·nî — I, me, myself (first person singular pronoun)H589 — Full Word Study → wasהָיִ֥יתִיhā·yî·ṯî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → the cupbearerמַשְׁקֶ֖הmaš·qeh — Butler, cupbearer, or drink; watered pastureH4945 — Full Word Study → to the kingלַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃פlam·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study →.)
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Chapter Commentary — Nehemiah 1
Chapter Overview

Overview

Nehemiah chapter 1 introduces us to a man of faith facing urgent news of Jerusalem's spiritual and physical ruin. Upon learning that the walls of Jerusalem lay broken and the gates burned, Nehemiah does not merely sympathize from a distance—he weeps, fasts, and enters into one of Scripture's most beautiful intercessory prayers. This chapter models for us what genuine concern for God's kingdom looks like: it moves us to humble repentance, persistent prayer, and trust in God's covenantal faithfulness. Before any rebuilding begins, Nehemiah teaches us that the foundation of all meaningful work for God must be a broken heart and a bent knee.

Verses 1-3: The Burden Arrives

Nehemiah identifies himself as the son of Hachaliah, and we learn he holds an important position in the Persian palace at Shushan in the twentieth year of King Artaxerxes' reign (approximately 445 BC). When his brother Hanani arrives with news from Jerusalem, Nehemiah immediately inquires about the Jewish remnant and the state of the holy city. The report is devastating: the Jewish community left behind in Judah is in "great affliction and reproach," and the wall of Jerusalem—symbol of the city's security and strength—lies broken with its gates destroyed by fire. This was not recent news of current exile; this was the condition decades after some Jews had returned to rebuild the temple. The city's defenses remained shattered, and its people remained vulnerable.

Application: Nehemiah shows us the importance of gathering accurate information before acting. He asks specific questions because he cares deeply about God's people. We too should be informed intercessors who pray intelligently about the real needs of others.

Verses 4-5: The Prayer Begins

Nehemiah's response to this report is immediate and visceral. He sits down, weeps, mourns for days, and fasts while praying before God. This is not casual concern—it is deep spiritual anguish for the condition of God's people and God's city. Notice that Nehemiah addresses God as "the God of heaven, the great and terrible God, that keepeth covenant and mercy for them that love him and observe his commandments" (verse 5). Even in sorrow, his faith remains anchored in God's character and His covenant commitment. The Hebrew word for "covenant" (berith) was sacred to Israel—it reminded them that God's relationship with them was not based on their performance alone, but on His sovereign promise.

Application: Authentic prayer flows from authentic emotion aligned with God's heart. Nehemiah does not hide his grief; instead, he brings it directly to God. Are we willing to feel deeply about spiritual brokenness around us?

Verses 6-10: Confession and Intercession

Nehemiah asks God to hear his prayer day and night and then immediately shifts to corporate confession. He says "we have sinned" (verses 6-7), identifying himself with Israel's transgression rather than distancing himself from it. This is genuine intercession—standing in the gap for others' sins. He recalls the law given through Moses: God promised to scatter Israel if they transgressed, but also promised to gather them again if they returned to Him (verses 8-9). Nehemiah's prayer demonstrates his deep knowledge of Scripture and his faith that God's promises remain operative. He reminds God of His redemptive power and the covenant relationship He established with Israel (verse 10).

Application: True intercession includes confessing not just personal sins, but corporate ones. We pray more powerfully when we ground our petitions in God's revealed Word and His established promises.

Verse 11: The Bold Request

Nehemiah concludes by requesting that God grant him mercy "in the sight of this man"—the Persian king. He discloses that he serves as the king's cupbearer, a position of trust and influence. Nehemiah is already thinking ahead, knowing he may need to make an unusual request of his royal employer. His prayer moves from lamentation to vision, from confession to petition.

Application for Today

Nehemiah's example challenges us to pray with informed hearts, corporate humility, and scriptural confidence. Whether we face broken institutions, fractured communities, or spiritual decline, the pattern is clear: grieve what grieves God's heart, confess sin honestly, recall His promises, and ask boldly for His mercy. Before we attempt any great work for God, we must first spend time on our knees, reminding ourselves that our strength comes not from our position or ability, but from a God who keeps covenant and remembers His people.

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