Original Hebrew
Note: Words are shown in their original Hebrew order, which differs from English translations. This reflects the emphasis and structure of Scripture as originally written. Click any word to see its full lexicon entry.
1 This is the vision concerning Judah and Jerusalem that Isaiah son of Amoz saw during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.
1
חֲזוֹן֙ יְשַֽׁעְיָ֣הוּ בֶן אָמ֔וֹץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָזָ֔ה עַל יְהוּדָ֖ה וִ/ירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם בִּ/ימֵ֨י עֻזִּיָּ֧הוּ יוֹתָ֛ם אָחָ֥ז יְחִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ מַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing the] vision of H2377 חֲזוֹן֙ חָזוֹן châzôwn HNcmsc Isaiah H3470 יְשַֽׁעְיָ֣הוּ יְשַׁעְיָה Yᵉshaʻyâh HNp the] son of H1121 בֶן בֵּן bên HNcmsc Amoz H531 אָמ֔וֹץ אָמוֹץ ʼÂmôwts HNp which H834 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר ʼăsher HTr he saw H2372 חָזָ֔ה חָזָה châzâh HVqp3ms on H5921 עַל ʻal HR Judah H3063 יְהוּדָ֖ה יְהוּדָה Yᵉhûwdâh HNp Jerusalem H3389 וִ/ירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם Yᵉrûwshâlaim HC/Np the] days of H3117 בִּ/ימֵ֨י יוֹם yôwm HR/Ncmpc Uzziah H5818 עֻזִּיָּ֧הוּ עֻזִּיָּה ʻUzzîyâh HNp Jotham H3147 יוֹתָ֛ם יוֹתָם Yôwthâm HNp Ahaz H271 אָחָ֥ז אָחָז ʼÂchâz HNp Hezekiah H2396 יְחִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ חִזְקִיָּה Chizqîyâh HNp the] kings of H4428 מַלְכֵ֥י מֶלֶךְ melek HNcmpc Judah H3063 יְהוּדָֽה יְהוּדָה Yᵉhûwdâh HNp
2 Listen, O heavens, and give ear, O earth, for the LORD has spoken: “I have raised children and brought them up, but they have rebelled against Me.
2
שִׁמְע֤וּ שָׁמַ֨יִם֙ וְ/הַאֲזִ֣ינִי אֶ֔רֶץ כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּ֑ר בָּנִים֙ גִּדַּ֣לְתִּי וְ/רוֹמַ֔מְתִּי וְ/הֵ֖ם פָּ֥שְׁעוּ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing hear H8085 שִׁמְע֤וּ שָׁמַע shâmaʻ HVqv2mp O heavens H8064 שָׁמַ֨יִם֙ שָׁמַיִם shâmayim HNcmpa give ear H238 וְ/הַאֲזִ֣ינִי אָזַן ʼâzan HC/Vhv2fs O earth H776 אֶ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ ʼerets HNcbsa for H3588 כִּ֥י כִּי kîy HC Yahweh H3068 יְהוָ֖ה יְהֹוָה Yᵉhôvâh HNp he has spoken H1696 דִּבֵּ֑ר דָבַר dâbar HVpp3ms children H1121 בָּנִים֙ בֵּן bên HNcmpa I have brought up H1431 גִּדַּ֣לְתִּי גָּדַל gâdal HVpp1cs I have raised H7311 וְ/רוֹמַ֔מְתִּי רוּם rûwm HC/Vop1cs they H1992 וְ/הֵ֖ם הֵם hêm HC/Pp3mp they have rebelled H6586 פָּ֥שְׁעוּ פָּשַׁע pâshaʻ HVqp3cp
3 The ox knows its owner, and the donkey its master’s manger, but Israel does not know; My people do not understand.”
1
יָדַ֥ע שׁוֹר֙ קֹנֵ֔/הוּ וַ/חֲמ֖וֹר אֵב֣וּס בְּעָלָ֑י/ו יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע עַמִּ֖/י לֹ֥א הִתְבּוֹנָֽן
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing it knows H3045 יָדַ֥ע יָדַע yâdaʻ HVqp3ms an ox H7794 שׁוֹר֙ שׁוֹר shôwr HNcmsa its H7069 קֹנֵ֔/הוּ קָנָה qânâh HVqrmsc/Sp3ms a donkey H2543 וַ/חֲמ֖וֹר חֲמוֹר chămôwr HC/Ncbsa the] feeding trough of H18 אֵב֣וּס אֵבוּס ʼêbûwç HNcmsc owner<s>/ its H1167 בְּעָלָ֑י/ו בַּעַל baʻal HNcmpc/Sp3ms Israel H3478 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל Yisrâʼêl HNp not H3808 לֹ֣א לֹא lôʼ HTn it knows H3045 יָדַ֔ע יָדַע yâdaʻ HVqp3ms my H5971 עַמִּ֖/י עַם ʻam HNcmsc/Sp1cs not H3808 לֹ֥א לֹא lôʼ HTn it considers carefully H995 הִתְבּוֹנָֽן בִּין bîyn HVrp3ms
4 Alas, O sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a brood of evildoers, children of depravity! They have forsaken the LORD; they have despised the Holy One of Israel and turned their backs on Him.
2
ה֣וֹי גּ֣וֹי חֹטֵ֗א עַ֚ם כֶּ֣בֶד עָוֺ֔ן זֶ֣רַע מְרֵעִ֔ים בָּנִ֖ים מַשְׁחִיתִ֑ים עָזְב֣וּ אֶת יְהוָ֗ה נִֽאֲצ֛וּ אֶת קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נָזֹ֥רוּ אָחֽוֹר
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing woe to! H1945 ה֣וֹי הוֹי hôwy HTj a nation H1471 גּ֣וֹי גּוֹי gôwy HNcmsa which] sins H2398 חֹטֵ֗א חָטָא châṭâʼ HVqrmsa a people H5971 עַ֚ם עַם ʻam HNcmsa heavy of H3515 כֶּ֣בֶד כָּבֵד kâbêd HAamsc iniquity of H5771 עָוֺ֔ן עָוֺן ʻâvôn HNcbsa spring H2233 זֶ֣רַע זֶרַע zeraʻ HNcmsc who] do evil H7489 מְרֵעִ֔ים רָעַע râʻaʻ HVhrmpa children H1121 בָּנִ֖ים בֵּן bên HNcmpa who] behave corruptly H7843 מַשְׁחִיתִ֑ים שָׁחַת shâchath HVhrmpa they have forsaken H5800 עָזְב֣וּ עָזַב ʻâzab HVqp3cp obj H853 אֶת אֵת ʼêth HTo Yahweh H3068 יְהוָ֗ה יְהֹוָה Yᵉhôvâh HNp they have spurned H5006 נִֽאֲצ֛וּ נָאַץ nâʼats HVpp3cp obj H853 אֶת אֵת ʼêth HTo the] holy [one] of H6918 קְד֥וֹשׁ קָדוֹשׁ qâdôwsh HAamsc Israel H3478 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל Yisrâʼêl HNp they have become estranged H2114 נָזֹ֥רוּ זוּר zûwr HVNp3cp back part H268 אָחֽוֹר אָחוֹר ʼâchôwr HNcmsa
5 Why do you want more beatings? Why do you keep rebelling? Your head has a massive wound, and your whole heart is afflicted.
3
עַ֣ל מֶ֥ה תֻכּ֛וּ ע֖וֹד תּוֹסִ֣יפוּ סָרָ֑ה כָּל רֹ֣אשׁ לָ/חֳלִ֔י וְ/כָל לֵבָ֖ב דַּוָּֽי
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing concerning H5921 עַ֣ל עַל ʻal HR what? H4100 מֶ֥ה מָה mâh HTi will you be struck H5221 תֻכּ֛וּ נָכָה nâkâh HVHi2mp again H5750 ע֖וֹד עוֹד ʻôwd HD will you increase? H3254 תּוֹסִ֣יפוּ יָסַף yâçaph HVhi2mp rebellion H5627 סָרָ֑ה סָרָה çârâh HNcfsa all H3605 כָּל כֹּל kôl HNcmsc the] head H7218 רֹ֣אשׁ רֹאשׁ rôʼsh HNcmsa is] for/ sickness H2483 לָ/חֳלִ֔י חֳלִי chŏlîy HR/Ncmsa all H3605 וְ/כָל כֹּל kôl HR/Ncmsc the] heart H3824 לֵבָ֖ב לֵבָב lêbâb HNcmsa is] faint H1742 דַּוָּֽי דַּוָּי davvây HAamsa
6 From the sole of your foot to the top of your head, there is no soundness— only wounds and welts and festering sores neither cleansed nor bandaged nor soothed with oil.
4
מִ/כַּף רֶ֤גֶל וְ/עַד רֹאשׁ֙ אֵֽין מְתֹ֔ם פֶּ֥צַע וְ/חַבּוּרָ֖ה וּ/מַכָּ֣ה טְרִיָּ֑ה לֹא זֹ֨רוּ֙ וְ/לֹ֣א חֻבָּ֔שׁוּ וְ/לֹ֥א רֻכְּכָ֖ה בַּ/שָּֽׁמֶן
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing the] sole of H3709 מִ/כַּף כַּף kaph HR/Ncfsc the] foot H7272 רֶ֤גֶל רֶגֶל regel HNcfsa to H5704 וְ/עַד עַד ʻad HC/R the] head H7218 רֹאשׁ֙ רֹאשׁ rôʼsh HNcmsa there not H369 אֵֽין אַיִן ʼayin HTn is] soundness H4974 מְתֹ֔ם מְתֹם mᵉthôm HNcmsa bruise[s H6482 פֶּ֥צַע פֶּצַע petsaʻ HNcmsa welt[s H2250 וְ/חַבּוּרָ֖ה חַבּוּרָה chabbûwrâh HC/Ncfsa wound[s H4347 וּ/מַכָּ֣ה מַכָּה makkâh HC/Ncfsa fresh H2961 טְרִיָּ֑ה טָרִי ṭârîy HAafsa not H3808 לֹא lôʼ HTn they have been pressed out H2115 זֹ֨רוּ֙ זוּר zûwr HVQp3cp not H3808 וְ/לֹ֣א לֹא lôʼ HC/Tn they have been bound up H2280 חֻבָּ֔שׁוּ חָבַשׁ châbash HVPp3cp not H3808 וְ/לֹ֥א לֹא lôʼ HC/Tn it has been softened H7401 רֻכְּכָ֖ה רָכַךְ râkak HVPp3fs with <the>/ oil H8081 בַּ/שָּֽׁמֶן שֶׁמֶן shemen HRd/Ncmsa
7 Your land is desolate; your cities are burned with fire. Foreigners devour your fields before you— a desolation demolished by strangers.
אַרְצְ/כֶ֣ם שְׁמָמָ֔ה עָרֵי/כֶ֖ם שְׂרֻפ֣וֹת אֵ֑שׁ אַדְמַתְ/כֶ֗ם לְ/נֶגְדְּ/כֶם֙ זָרִים֙ אֹכְלִ֣ים אֹתָ֔/הּ וּ/שְׁמָמָ֖ה כְּ/מַהְפֵּכַ֥ת זָרִֽים
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing your H776 אַרְצְ/כֶ֣ם אֶרֶץ ʼerets HNcbsc/Sp2mp is] a desolation H8077 שְׁמָמָ֔ה שְׁמָמָה shᵉmâmâh HNcfsa your H5892 עָרֵי/כֶ֖ם עִיר ʻîyr HNcfpc/Sp2mp have been] burned H8313 שְׂרֻפ֣וֹת שָׂרַף sâraph HVqsfpa fire H784 אֵ֑שׁ אֵשׁ ʼêsh HNcbsa your H127 אַדְמַתְ/כֶ֗ם אֲדָמָה ʼădâmâh HNcfsc/Sp2mp before/ you H5048 לְ/נֶגְדְּ/כֶם֙ נֶגֶד neged HR/R/Sp2mp strangers H2114 זָרִים֙ זוּר zûwr HAampa are] devouring H398 אֹכְלִ֣ים אָכַל ʼâkal HVqrmpa obj.>/ it H853 אֹתָ֔/הּ אֵת ʼêth HTo/Sp3fs desolation H8077 וּ/שְׁמָמָ֖ה שְׁמָמָה shᵉmâmâh HC/Ncfsa is] like/ [the] overthrow of H4114 כְּ/מַהְפֵּכַ֥ת מַהְפֵּכָה mahpêkâh HR/Ncfsc strangers H2114 זָרִֽים זוּר zûwr HAampa
8 And the Daughter of Zion is abandoned like a shelter in a vineyard, like a shack in a cucumber field, like a city besieged.
2
וְ/נוֹתְרָ֥ה בַת צִיּ֖וֹן כְּ/סֻכָּ֣ה בְ/כָ֑רֶם כִּ/מְלוּנָ֥ה בְ/מִקְשָׁ֖ה כְּ/עִ֥יר נְצוּרָֽה
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing she has been left H3498 וְ/נוֹתְרָ֥ה יָתַר yâthar HC/VNp3fs the] daughter of H1323 בַת בַּת bath HNcfsc Zion H6726 צִיּ֖וֹן צִיּוֹן Tsîyôwn HNp a shelter H5521 כְּ/סֻכָּ֣ה סֻכָּה çukkâh HR/Ncfsa a vineyard H3754 בְ/כָ֑רֶם כֶּרֶם kerem HR/Ncbsa a watchman's hut H4412 כִּ/מְלוּנָ֥ה מְלוּנָה mᵉlûwnâh HR/Ncfsa a cucumber field H4750 בְ/מִקְשָׁ֖ה מִקְשָׁה miqshâh HR/Ncfsa a city H5892 כְּ/עִ֥יר עִיר ʻîyr HR/Ncfsa besieged H5341 נְצוּרָֽה נָצַר nâtsar HVqsfsa
9 Unless the LORD of Hosts had left us a few survivors, we would have become like Sodom, we would have resembled Gomorrah.
2
לוּלֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הוֹתִ֥יר שָׂרִ֖יד כִּ/מְעָ֑ט כִּ/סְדֹ֣ם הָיִ֔ינוּ לַ/עֲמֹרָ֖ה דָּמִֽינוּ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing if not H3884 לוּלֵי֙ לוּלֵא lûwlêʼ HC Yahweh H3068 יְהוָ֣ה יְהֹוָה Yᵉhôvâh HNp of hosts H6635 צְבָא֔וֹת צָבָא tsâbâʼ HNcbpa he had left H3498 הוֹתִ֥יר יָתַר yâthar HVhp3ms survivor[s H8300 שָׂרִ֖יד שָׂרִיד sârîyd HNcmsa a little H4592 כִּ/מְעָ֑ט מְעַט mᵉʻaṭ HR/Ncmsa Sodom H5467 כִּ/סְדֹ֣ם סְדֹם Çᵉdôm HR/Np we were H1961 הָיִ֔ינוּ הָיָה hâyâh HVqp1cp to>/ Gomorrah H6017 לַ/עֲמֹרָ֖ה עֲמֹרָה ʻĂmôrâh HR/Np compare H1819 דָּמִֽינוּ דָּמָה dâmâh HVqp1cp
10 Hear the word of the LORD, you rulers of Sodom; listen to the instruction of our God, you people of Gomorrah!
4
שִׁמְע֥וּ דְבַר יְהוָ֖ה קְצִינֵ֣י סְדֹ֑ם הַאֲזִ֛ינוּ תּוֹרַ֥ת אֱלֹהֵ֖י/נוּ עַ֥ם עֲמֹרָֽה
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing hear H8085 שִׁמְע֥וּ שָׁמַע shâmaʻ HVqv2mp the] word of H1697 דְבַר דָּבָר dâbâr HNcmsc Yahweh H3068 יְהוָ֖ה יְהֹוָה Yᵉhôvâh HNp O rulers of H7101 קְצִינֵ֣י קָצִין qâtsîyn HNcmpc Sodom H5467 סְדֹ֑ם סְדֹם Çᵉdôm HNp give ear to H238 הַאֲזִ֛ינוּ אָזַן ʼâzan HVhv2mp the] instruction of H8451 תּוֹרַ֥ת תּוֹרָה tôwrâh HNcfsc God/ our H430 אֱלֹהֵ֖י/נוּ אֱלֹהִים ʼĕlôhîym HNcmpc/Sp1cp O people of H5971 עַ֥ם עַם ʻam HNcmsc Gomorrah H6017 עֲמֹרָֽה עֲמֹרָה ʻĂmôrâh HNp
11 “What good to Me is your multitude of sacrifices?” says the LORD. “I am full from the burnt offerings of rams and the fat of well-fed cattle; I take no delight in the blood of bulls and lambs and goats.
5
לָ/מָּה רֹב זִבְחֵי/כֶם֙ יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שָׂבַ֛עְתִּי עֹל֥וֹת אֵילִ֖ים וְ/חֵ֣לֶב מְרִיאִ֑ים וְ/דַ֨ם פָּרִ֧ים וּ/כְבָשִׂ֛ים וְ/עַתּוּדִ֖ים לֹ֥א חָפָֽצְתִּי
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing to>/ why? H4100 לָ/מָּה מָה mâh HR/Ti the] multitude of H7230 רֹב rôb HNcbsc your H2077 זִבְחֵי/כֶם֙ זֶבַח zebach HNcmpc/Sp2mp he says H559 יֹאמַ֣ר אָמַר ʼâmar HVqi3ms Yahweh H3068 יְהוָ֔ה יְהֹוָה Yᵉhôvâh HNp I have been surfeited H7646 שָׂבַ֛עְתִּי שָׂבַע sâbaʻ HVqp1cs burnt offerings of H5930 עֹל֥וֹת עֹלָה ʻôlâh HNcfpc rams H352 אֵילִ֖ים אַיִל ʼayil HNcmpa the] fat of H2459 וְ/חֵ֣לֶב חֶלֶב cheleb HC/Ncmsc fatlings H4806 מְרִיאִ֑ים מְרִיא mᵉrîyʼ HNcmpa the] blood of H1818 וְ/דַ֨ם דָּם dâm HC/Ncmsc bulls H6499 פָּרִ֧ים פַּר par HNcmpa lambs H3532 וּ/כְבָשִׂ֛ים כֶּבֶשׂ kebes HC/Ncmpa goats H6260 וְ/עַתּוּדִ֖ים עַתּוּד ʻattûwd HC/Ncmpa not H3808 לֹ֥א לֹא lôʼ HTn I am pleased H2654 חָפָֽצְתִּי חָפֵץ châphêts HVqp1cs
12 When you come to appear before Me, who has required this of you— this trampling of My courts?
5
כִּ֣י תָבֹ֔אוּ לֵ/רָא֖וֹת פָּנָ֑/י מִי בִקֵּ֥שׁ זֹ֛את מִ/יֶּדְ/כֶ֖ם רְמֹ֥ס חֲצֵרָֽ/י
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing if H3588 כִּ֣י כִּי kîy HC you come H935 תָבֹ֔אוּ בּוֹא bôwʼ HVqi2mp present yourselves H7200 לֵ/רָא֖וֹת רָאָה râʼâh HR/VNc my H6440 פָּנָ֑/י פָּנִים pânîym HNcbpc/Sp1cs who? H4310 מִי mîy HTi did he require H1245 בִקֵּ֥שׁ בָּקַשׁ bâqash HVpp3ms this H2063 זֹ֛את זֹאת zôʼth HPdxfs hand/ your H3027 מִ/יֶּדְ/כֶ֖ם יָד yâd HR/Ncbsc/Sp2mp to trample H7429 רְמֹ֥ס רָמַס râmaç HVqc my H2691 חֲצֵרָֽ/י חָצֵר châtsêr HNcbpc/Sp1cs
13 Bring your worthless offerings no more; your incense is detestable to Me— your New Moons, Sabbaths, and convocations. I cannot endure iniquity in a solemn assembly.
5
לֹ֣א תוֹסִ֗יפוּ הָבִיא֙ מִנְחַת שָׁ֔וְא קְטֹ֧רֶת תּוֹעֵבָ֛ה הִ֖יא חֹ֤דֶשׁ וְ/שַׁבָּת֙ קְרֹ֣א מִקְרָ֔א לֹא אוּכַ֥ל אָ֖וֶן וַ/עֲצָרָֽה
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing not H3808 לֹ֣א לֹא lôʼ HTn you must repeat H3254 תוֹסִ֗יפוּ יָסַף yâçaph HVhi2mp to bring H935 הָבִיא֙ בּוֹא bôwʼ HVhc an offering of H4503 מִנְחַת מִנְחָה minchâh HNcfsc worthlessness H7723 שָׁ֔וְא שָׁוְא shâvᵉʼ HNcmsa incense H7004 קְטֹ֧רֶת קְטֹרֶת qᵉṭôreth HNcfsa is] an abomination H8441 תּוֹעֵבָ֛ה תּוֹעֵבַה tôwʻêbah HNcfsa it H1931 הִ֖יא הוּא hûwʼ HPp3fs new moon H2320 חֹ֤דֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ chôdesh HNcmsa sabbath H7676 וְ/שַׁבָּת֙ שַׁבָּת shabbâth HC/Ncbsa the] calling of H7121 קְרֹ֣א קָרָא qârâʼ HVqc convocation[s H4744 מִקְרָ֔א מִקְרָא miqrâʼ HNcmsa not H3808 לֹא lôʼ HTn I am able to endure H3201 אוּכַ֥ל יָכֹל yâkôl HVqi1cs wickedness H205 אָ֖וֶן אָוֶן ʼâven HNcmsa solemn assembli[es H6116 וַ/עֲצָרָֽה עֲצָרָה ʻătsârâh HC/Ncfsa
14 I hate your New Moons and your appointed feasts. They have become a burden to Me; I am weary of bearing them.
2
חָדְשֵׁי/כֶ֤ם וּ/מוֹעֲדֵי/כֶם֙ שָׂנְאָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֔/י הָי֥וּ עָלַ֖/י לָ/טֹ֑רַח נִלְאֵ֖יתִי נְשֹֽׂא
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing new moons/ your H2320 חָדְשֵׁי/כֶ֤ם חֹדֶשׁ chôdesh HNcmpc/Sp2mp appointed feasts/ your H4150 וּ/מוֹעֲדֵי/כֶם֙ מוֹעֵד môwʻêd HC/Ncmpc/Sp2mp it hates H8130 שָׂנְאָ֣ה שָׂנֵא sânêʼ HVqp3fs my H5315 נַפְשִׁ֔/י נֶפֶשׁ nephesh HNcbsc/Sp1cs they have become H1961 הָי֥וּ הָיָה hâyâh HVqp3cp me H5921 עָלַ֖/י עַל ʻal HR/Sp1cs into>/ a burden H2960 לָ/טֹ֑רַח טֹרַח ṭôrach HR/Ncmsa I am weary H3811 נִלְאֵ֖יתִי לָאָה lâʼâh HVNp1cs to bear [them H5375 נְשֹֽׂא נָשָׂא nâsâʼ HVqc
15 When you spread out your hands in prayer, I will hide My eyes from you; even though you multiply your prayers, I will not listen. Your hands are covered with blood.
2
וּ/בְ/פָרִשְׂ/כֶ֣ם כַּפֵּי/כֶ֗ם אַעְלִ֤ים עֵינַ/י֙ מִ/כֶּ֔ם גַּ֛ם כִּֽי תַרְבּ֥וּ תְפִלָּ֖ה אֵינֶ֣/נִּי שֹׁמֵ֑עַ יְדֵי/כֶ֖ם דָּמִ֥ים מָלֵֽאוּ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing when/ spread out/ you H6566 וּ/בְ/פָרִשְׂ/כֶ֣ם פָּרַשׂ pâras HC/R/Vpc/Sp2mp your H3709 כַּפֵּי/כֶ֗ם כַּף kaph HNcfdc/Sp2mp I will hide H5956 אַעְלִ֤ים עָלַם ʻâlam HVhi1cs my H5869 עֵינַ/י֙ עַיִן ʻayin HNcbdc/Sp1cs you H4480 מִ/כֶּ֔ם מִן min HR/Sp2mp also H1571 גַּ֛ם גַּם gam HTa for H3588 כִּֽי כִּי kîy HC you will multiply H7235 תַרְבּ֥וּ רָבָה râbâh HVhi2mp prayer H8605 תְפִלָּ֖ה תְּפִלָּה tᵉphillâh HNcfsa I H369 אֵינֶ֣/נִּי אַיִן ʼayin HTn/Sp1cs will be] hearing H8085 שֹׁמֵ֑עַ שָׁמַע shâmaʻ HVqrmsa your H3027 יְדֵי/כֶ֖ם יָד yâd HNcbdc/Sp2mp blood<s H1818 דָּמִ֥ים דָּם dâm HNcmpa they are full H4390 מָלֵֽאוּ מָלֵא mâlêʼ HVqp3cp
16 Wash and cleanse yourselves. Remove your evil deeds from My sight. Stop doing evil!
2
רַחֲצוּ֙ הִזַּכּ֔וּ הָסִ֛ירוּ רֹ֥עַ מַעַלְלֵי/כֶ֖ם מִ/נֶּ֣גֶד עֵינָ֑/י חִדְל֖וּ הָרֵֽעַ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing wash H7364 רַחֲצוּ֙ רָחַץ râchats HVqv2mp cleanse yourselves H2135 הִזַּכּ֔וּ זָכָה zâkâh HVtv2mp remove H5493 הָסִ֛ירוּ סוּר çûwr HVhv2mp the] wickedness of H7455 רֹ֥עַ רֹעַ rôaʻ HNcmsc your H4611 מַעַלְלֵי/כֶ֖ם מַעֲלָל maʻălâl HNcmpc/Sp2mp before H5048 מִ/נֶּ֣גֶד נֶגֶד neged HR/R my H5869 עֵינָ֑/י עַיִן ʻayin HNcbdc/Sp1cs cease H2308 חִדְל֖וּ חָדַל châdal HVqv2mp to do evil H7489 הָרֵֽעַ רָעַע râʻaʻ HVha
17 Learn to do right; seek justice and correct the oppressor. Defend the fatherless and plead the case of the widow.”
2
לִמְד֥וּ הֵיטֵ֛ב דִּרְשׁ֥וּ מִשְׁפָּ֖ט אַשְּׁר֣וּ חָמ֑וֹץ שִׁפְט֣וּ יָת֔וֹם רִ֖יבוּ אַלְמָנָֽה
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing you> learn H3925 לִמְד֥וּ לָמַד lâmad HVqv2mp to do good H3190 הֵיטֵ֛ב יָטַב yâṭab HVha seek H1875 דִּרְשׁ֥וּ דָּרַשׁ dârash HVqv2mp justice H4941 מִשְׁפָּ֖ט מִשְׁפָּט mishpâṭ HNcmsa set right H833 אַשְּׁר֣וּ אָשַׁר ʼâshar HVpv2mp the] oppressor H2541 חָמ֑וֹץ חָמוֹץ châmôwts HNcmsa vindicate H8199 שִׁפְט֣וּ שָׁפַט shâphaṭ HVqv2mp the] fatherless H3490 יָת֔וֹם יָתוֹם yâthôwm HNcmsa conduct a case for H7378 רִ֖יבוּ רִיב rîyb HVqv2mp desolate house (palace) H490 אַלְמָנָֽה אַלְמָנָה ʼalmânâh HNcfsa
18 “Come now, let us reason together,” says the LORD. “Though your sins are like scarlet, they will be as white as snow; though they are as red as crimson, they will become like wool.
1
לְכוּ נָ֛א וְ/נִוָּֽכְחָ֖ה יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה אִם יִֽהְי֨וּ חֲטָאֵי/כֶ֤ם כַּ/שָּׁנִים֙ כַּ/שֶּׁ֣לֶג יַלְבִּ֔ינוּ אִם יַאְדִּ֥ימוּ כַ/תּוֹלָ֖ע כַּ/צֶּ֥מֶר יִהְיֽוּ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing come H3212 לְכוּ יָלַךְ yâlak HVqv2mp please H4994 נָ֛א נָא nâʼ HTe let us argue our case together H3198 וְ/נִוָּֽכְחָ֖ה יָכַח yâkach HC/VNh1cp he says H559 יֹאמַ֣ר אָמַר ʼâmar HVqi3ms Yahweh H3068 יְהוָ֑ה יְהֹוָה Yᵉhôvâh HNp though H518 אִם ʼim HC they are H1961 יִֽהְי֨וּ הָיָה hâyâh HVqi3mp your H2399 חֲטָאֵי/כֶ֤ם חֵטְא chêṭᵉʼ HNcmpc/Sp2mp like <the>/ scarlet H8144 כַּ/שָּׁנִים֙ שָׁנִי shânîy HRd/Ncmpa like <the>/ snow H7950 כַּ/שֶּׁ֣לֶג שֶׁלֶג sheleg HRd/Ncmsa they will become white H3835 יַלְבִּ֔ינוּ לָבַן lâban HVhi3mp though H518 אִם ʼim HC they are red H119 יַאְדִּ֥ימוּ אָדַם ʼâdam HVhi3mp like <the>/ crimson H8438 כַ/תּוֹלָ֖ע תּוֹלָע tôwlâʻ HRd/Ncbsa like <the>/ wool H6785 כַּ/צֶּ֥מֶר צֶמֶר tsemer HRd/Ncmsa they will be H1961 יִהְיֽוּ הָיָה hâyâh HVqi3mp
19 If you are willing and obedient, you will eat the best of the land.
1
אִם תֹּאב֖וּ וּ/שְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם ט֥וּב הָ/אָ֖רֶץ תֹּאכֵֽלוּ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing if H518 אִם ʼim HC you will be willing H14 תֹּאב֖וּ אָבָה ʼâbâh HVqi2mp you will obey H8085 וּ/שְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם שָׁמַע shâmaʻ HC/Vqq2mp the] good thing[s] of H2898 ט֥וּב טוּב ṭûwb HNcmsc land H776 הָ/אָ֖רֶץ אֶרֶץ ʼerets HTd/Ncbsa you will eat H398 תֹּאכֵֽלוּ אָכַל ʼâkal HVqi2mp
20 But if you resist and rebel, you will be devoured by the sword.” For the mouth of the LORD has spoken.
1
וְ/אִם תְּמָאֲנ֖וּ וּ/מְרִיתֶ֑ם חֶ֣רֶב תְּאֻכְּל֔וּ כִּ֛י פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing if H518 וְ/אִם אִם ʼim HC/C you will refuse H3985 תְּמָאֲנ֖וּ מָאֵן mâʼên HVpi2mp you will rebel H4784 וּ/מְרִיתֶ֑ם מָרָה mârâh HC/Vqq2mp the] sword H2719 חֶ֣רֶב חֶרֶב chereb HNcfsa you will be eaten H398 תְּאֻכְּל֔וּ אָכַל ʼâkal HVQi2mp for H3588 כִּ֛י כִּי kîy HC the] mouth of H6310 פִּ֥י פֶּה peh HNcmsc Yahweh H3068 יְהוָ֖ה יְהֹוָה Yᵉhôvâh HNp answer H1696 דִּבֵּֽר דָבַר dâbar HVpp3ms
21 See how the faithful city has become a harlot! She once was full of justice; righteousness resided within her, but now only murderers!
אֵיכָה֙ הָיְתָ֣ה לְ/זוֹנָ֔ה קִרְיָ֖ה נֶאֱמָנָ֑ה מְלֵאֲתִ֣י מִשְׁפָּ֗ט צֶ֛דֶק יָלִ֥ין וְ/עַתָּ֥ה מְרַצְּחִֽים
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing how! H349 אֵיכָה֙ אֵיךְ ʼêyk HTi it has become H1961 הָיְתָ֣ה הָיָה hâyâh HVqp3fs into>/ a prostitute H2181 לְ/זוֹנָ֔ה זָנָה zânâh HR/Vqrfsa a town H7151 קִרְיָ֖ה קִרְיָה qiryâh HNcfsa faithful H539 נֶאֱמָנָ֑ה אָמַן ʼâman HVNrfsa full of H4395 מְלֵאֲתִ֣י מְלֵאָה mᵉlêʼâh HAafsc justice H4941 מִשְׁפָּ֗ט מִשְׁפָּט mishpâṭ HNcmsa righteousness H6664 צֶ֛דֶק צֶדֶק tsedeq HNcmsa it lodged H3885 יָלִ֥ין לוּן lûwn HVqi3ms now H6258 וְ/עַתָּ֥ה עַתָּה ʻattâh HC/D murderers H7523 מְרַצְּחִֽים רָצַח râtsach HVprmpa
22 Your silver has become dross; your fine wine is diluted with water.
כַּסְפֵּ֖/ךְ הָיָ֣ה לְ/סִיגִ֑ים סָבְאֵ֖/ךְ מָה֥וּל בַּ/מָּֽיִם
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing your H3701 כַּסְפֵּ֖/ךְ כֶּסֶף keçeph HNcmsc/Sp2fs it has become H1961 הָיָ֣ה הָיָה hâyâh HVqp3ms into>/ dross<es H5509 לְ/סִיגִ֑ים סִיג çîyg HR/Ncmpa your H5435 סָבְאֵ֖/ךְ סֹבֶא çôbeʼ HNcmsc/Sp2fs has been] mixed H4107 מָה֥וּל מָהַל mâhal HVqsmsa with <the>/ water H4325 בַּ/מָּֽיִם מַיִם mayim HRd/Ncmpa
23 Your rulers are rebels, friends of thieves. They all love bribes and chasing after rewards. They do not defend the fatherless, and the plea of the widow never comes before them.
שָׂרַ֣יִ/ךְ סוֹרְרִ֗ים וְ/חַבְרֵי֙ גַּנָּבִ֔ים כֻּלּ/וֹ֙ אֹהֵ֣ב שֹׁ֔חַד וְ/רֹדֵ֖ף שַׁלְמֹנִ֑ים יָתוֹם֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁפֹּ֔טוּ וְ/רִ֥יב אַלְמָנָ֖ה לֹֽא יָב֥וֹא אֲלֵי/הֶֽם
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing your H8269 שָׂרַ֣יִ/ךְ שַׂר sar HNcmpc/Sp2fs are] rebels H5637 סוֹרְרִ֗ים סָרַר çârar HVqrmpa companions of H2270 וְ/חַבְרֵי֙ חָבֵר châbêr HC/Ncmpc thieves H1590 גַּנָּבִ֔ים גַּנָּב gannâb HNcmpa all of/ it H3605 כֻּלּ/וֹ֙ כֹּל kôl HNcmsc/Sp3ms is] loving H157 אֹהֵ֣ב אָהַב ʼâhab HVqrmsa a bribe H7810 שֹׁ֔חַד שַׁחַד shachad HNcmsa is] pursuing H7291 וְ/רֹדֵ֖ף רָדַף râdaph HC/Vqrmsa rewards H8021 שַׁלְמֹנִ֑ים שַׁלְמֹן shalmôn HNcmpa the] fatherless H3490 יָתוֹם֙ יָתוֹם yâthôwm HNcmsa not H3808 לֹ֣א לֹא lôʼ HTn they vindicate H8199 יִשְׁפֹּ֔טוּ שָׁפַט shâphaṭ HVqi3mp the] lawsuit of H7379 וְ/רִ֥יב רִיב rîyb HC/Ncbsc a widow H490 אַלְמָנָ֖ה אַלְמָנָה ʼalmânâh HNcfsa not H3808 לֹֽא לֹא lôʼ HTn it comes H935 יָב֥וֹא בּוֹא bôwʼ HVqi3ms about H413 אֲלֵי/הֶֽם אֵל ʼêl HR/Sp3mp
24 Therefore the Lord GOD of Hosts, the Mighty One of Israel, declares: “Ah, I will be relieved of My foes and avenge Myself on My enemies.
לָ/כֵ֗ן נְאֻ֤ם הָֽ/אָדוֹן֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֲבִ֖יר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל ה֚וֹי אֶנָּחֵ֣ם מִ/צָּרַ֔/י וְ/אִנָּקְמָ֖ה מֵ/אוֹיְבָֽ/י
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing to>/ therefore H3651 לָ/כֵ֗ן כֵּן kên HR/D the] utterance of H5002 נְאֻ֤ם נְאֻם nᵉʼum HNcmsc lord H113 הָֽ/אָדוֹן֙ אָדוֹן ʼâdôwn HTd/Ncmsa Yahweh H3068 יְהוָ֣ה יְהֹוָה Yᵉhôvâh HNp of hosts H6635 צְבָא֔וֹת צָבָא tsâbâʼ HNcbpa the] mighty one of H46 אֲבִ֖יר אָבִיר ʼâbîyr HAamsc Israel H3478 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל Yisrâʼêl HNp woe! H1945 ה֚וֹי הוֹי hôwy HTj I will ease myself H5162 אֶנָּחֵ֣ם נָחַם nâcham HVNi1cs foes/ my H6862 מִ/צָּרַ֔/י צַר tsar HR/Ncmpc/Sp1cs I will avenge myself H5358 וְ/אִנָּקְמָ֖ה נָקַם nâqam HC/VNh1cs enemies/ my H341 מֵ/אוֹיְבָֽ/י אֹיֵב ʼôyêb HR/Vqrmpc/Sp1cs
25 I will turn My hand against you; I will thoroughly purge your dross; I will remove all your impurities.
וְ/אָשִׁ֤יבָה יָדִ/י֙ עָלַ֔יִ/ךְ וְ/אֶצְרֹ֥ף כַּ/בֹּ֖ר סִיגָ֑יִ/ךְ וְ/אָסִ֖ירָה כָּל בְּדִילָֽיִ/ךְ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing I will turn H7725 וְ/אָשִׁ֤יבָה שׁוּב shûwb HC/Vhh1cs my H3027 יָדִ/י֙ יָד yâd HNcbsc/Sp1cs you H5921 עָלַ֔יִ/ךְ עַל ʻal HR/Sp2fs I may refine H6884 וְ/אֶצְרֹ֥ף צָרַף tsâraph HC/Vqi1cs like <the>/ potash H1253 כַּ/בֹּ֖ר בֹּר bôr HRd/Ncmsa dross<es>/ your H5509 סִיגָ֑יִ/ךְ סִיג çîyg HNcmpc/Sp2fs I will remove H5493 וְ/אָסִ֖ירָה סוּר çûwr HC/Vhi1cs all H3605 כָּל כֹּל kôl HNcmsc slag<s>/ your H913 בְּדִילָֽיִ/ךְ בְּדִיל bᵉdîyl HNcmpc/Sp2fs
26 I will restore your judges as at first, and your counselors as at the beginning. After that you will be called the City of Righteousness, the Faithful City.”
וְ/אָשִׁ֤יבָה שֹׁפְטַ֨יִ/ךְ֙ כְּ/בָ/רִ֣אשֹׁנָ֔ה וְ/יֹעֲצַ֖יִ/ךְ כְּ/בַ/תְּחִלָּ֑ה אַחֲרֵי כֵ֗ן יִקָּ֤רֵא עִ֣יר הַ/צֶּ֔דֶק קִרְיָ֖ה נֶאֱמָנָֽה
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing I will restore H7725 וְ/אָשִׁ֤יבָה שׁוּב shûwb HC/Vhh1cs your H8199 שֹׁפְטַ֨יִ/ךְ֙ שָׁפַט shâphaṭ HVqrmpc/Sp2fs at the/ former [time H7223 כְּ/בָ/רִ֣אשֹׁנָ֔ה רִאשׁוֹן riʼshôwn HR/Rd/Aafsa counselors/ your H3289 וְ/יֹעֲצַ֖יִ/ךְ יָעַץ yâʻats HC/Vqrmpc/Sp2fs at the/ beginning H8462 כְּ/בַ/תְּחִלָּ֑ה תְּחִלָּה tᵉchillâh HR/Rd/Ncfsa after H310 אַחֲרֵי אַחַר ʼachar HR thus H3651 כֵ֗ן כֵּן kên HD it will be called H7121 יִקָּ֤רֵא קָרָא qârâʼ HVNi3ms the] city of H5892 עִ֣יר עִיר ʻîyr HNcfsc the>/ righteousness H6664 הַ/צֶּ֔דֶק צֶדֶק tsedeq HTd/Ncmsa a town H7151 קִרְיָ֖ה קִרְיָה qiryâh HNcfsa faithful H539 נֶאֱמָנָֽה אָמַן ʼâman HVNrfsa
27 Zion will be redeemed with justice, her repentant ones with righteousness.
צִיּ֖וֹן בְּ/מִשְׁפָּ֣ט תִּפָּדֶ֑ה וְ/שָׁבֶ֖י/הָ בִּ/צְדָקָֽה
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing Zion H6726 צִיּ֖וֹן צִיּוֹן Tsîyôwn HNp justice H4941 בְּ/מִשְׁפָּ֣ט מִשְׁפָּט mishpâṭ HR/Ncmsa it will be redeemed H6299 תִּפָּדֶ֑ה פָּדָה pâdâh HVNi3fs repentant [ones]/ its H7725 וְ/שָׁבֶ֖י/הָ שׁוּב shûwb HC/Vqrmpc/Sp3fs righteousness H6666 בִּ/צְדָקָֽה צְדָקָה tsᵉdâqâh HR/Ncfsa
28 But rebels and sinners will together be shattered, and those who forsake the LORD will perish.
וְ/שֶׁ֧בֶר פֹּשְׁעִ֛ים וְ/חַטָּאִ֖ים יַחְדָּ֑ו וְ/עֹזְבֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה יִכְלֽוּ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing a crushing of H7667 וְ/שֶׁ֧בֶר שֶׁבֶר sheber HC/Ncmsa rebels H6586 פֹּשְׁעִ֛ים פָּשַׁע pâshaʻ HVqrmpa sinners H2400 וְ/חַטָּאִ֖ים חַטָּא chaṭṭâʼ HC/Aampa together H3162 יַחְדָּ֑ו יַחַד yachad HD those who] forsake H5800 וְ/עֹזְבֵ֥י עָזַב ʻâzab HC/Vqrmpc of> Yahweh H3068 יְהוָ֖ה יְהֹוָה Yᵉhôvâh HNp they will come to an end H3615 יִכְלֽוּ כָּלָה kâlâh HVqi3mp
29 Surely you will be ashamed of the sacred oaks in which you have delighted; you will be embarrassed by the gardens that you have chosen.
כִּ֣י יֵבֹ֔שׁוּ מֵ/אֵילִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר חֲמַדְתֶּ֑ם וְ/תַ֨חְפְּר֔וּ מֵ/הַ/גַּנּ֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּחַרְתֶּֽם
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing for H3588 כִּ֣י כִּי kîy HC they will be ashamed H954 יֵבֹ֔שׁוּ בּוּשׁ bûwsh HVqi3mp the] oaks H352 מֵ/אֵילִ֖ים אַיִל ʼayil HR/Ncmpa which H834 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר ʼăsher HTr you have desired H2530 חֲמַדְתֶּ֑ם חָמַד châmad HVqp2mp you may be abashed H2659 וְ/תַ֨חְפְּר֔וּ חָפֵר châphêr HC/Vqi2mp the/ gardens H1593 מֵ/הַ/גַּנּ֖וֹת גַּנָּה gannâh HR/Td/Ncfpa which H834 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר ʼăsher HTr you have chosen H977 בְּחַרְתֶּֽם בָּחַר bâchar HVqp2mp
30 For you will become like an oak whose leaves are withered, like a garden without water.
כִּ֣י תִֽהְי֔וּ כְּ/אֵלָ֖ה נֹבֶ֣לֶת עָלֶ֑/הָ וּֽ/כְ/גַנָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁר מַ֖יִם אֵ֥ין
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing for H3588 כִּ֣י כִּי kîy HC you will be H1961 תִֽהְי֔וּ הָיָה hâyâh HVqi2mp an oak H424 כְּ/אֵלָ֖ה אֵלָה ʼêlâh HR/Ncfsa which is] withering H5034 נֹבֶ֣לֶת נָבֵל nâbêl HVqrfsc of> leafage/ its H5929 עָלֶ֑/הָ עָלֶה ʻâleh HNcmsc/Sp3fs like/ a garden H1593 וּֽ/כְ/גַנָּ֔ה גַּנָּה gannâh HC/R/Ncfsa which H834 אֲשֶׁר ʼăsher HTr water H4325 מַ֖יִם מַיִם mayim HNcmpa not H369 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ʼayin HTn
31 The strong man will become tinder and his work will be a spark; both will burn together, with no one to quench the flames.
וְ/הָיָ֤ה הֶ/חָסֹן֙ לִ/נְעֹ֔רֶת וּ/פֹעֲל֖/וֹ לְ/נִיצ֑וֹץ וּ/בָעֲר֧וּ שְׁנֵי/הֶ֛ם יַחְדָּ֖ו וְ/אֵ֥ין מְכַבֶּֽה
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing he will become H1961 וְ/הָיָ֤ה הָיָה hâyâh HC/Vqq3ms strong [person H2634 הֶ/חָסֹן֙ חָסֹן châçôn HTd/Aamsa into>/ tow H5296 לִ/נְעֹ֔רֶת נְעֹרֶת nᵉʻôreth HR/Ncfsa work/ his H6467 וּ/פֹעֲל֖/וֹ פֹּעַל pôʻal HC/Ncmsc/Sp3ms into>/ a spark H5213 לְ/נִיצ֑וֹץ נִיצוֹץ nîytsôwts HR/Ncmsa they will burn H1197 וּ/בָעֲר֧וּ בָּעַר bâʻar HC/Vqq3cp both of/ them H8147 שְׁנֵי/הֶ֛ם שְׁנַיִם shᵉnayim HAcmdc/Sp3mp together H3162 יַחְדָּ֖ו יַחַד yachad HD there not H369 וְ/אֵ֥ין אַיִן ʼayin HC/Tn go (put) out H3518 מְכַבֶּֽה כָּבָה kâbâh HVprmsa
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Isaiah 2
Study Notes — Isaiah 1
6 sectionsIsaiah 1 presents God's grievous indictment against the southern kingdom of Judah, delivered during the reigns of four kings spanning several decades of spiritual decline. The prophet opens with a courtroom scene where heaven and earth are called as witnesses to Israel's rebellion against their covenant God. Though the chapter begins with devastating judgment—comparing Judah's spiritual condition to a body covered with wounds—it culminates in a merciful invitation to repentance and the promise of restoration for all who will return to the LORD.
Isaiah identifies himself as the son of Amoz and establishes his prophetic authority by dating his ministry to four reigns (v. 1). He then calls heaven and earth as witnesses—a formal legal device emphasizing God's justice—as He brings charges against His own people (v. 2). The tragedy is stark: God had lovingly nurtured Israel like a father raising children, yet they rebelled against Him. In verse 3, the prophet sharpens the rebuke by contrasting dumb animals with God's chosen people: even an ox knows its owner and a donkey knows where its master feeds it, but Israel has forgotten the God who sustains them. Verse 4 catalogues their spiritual condition with brutal honesty—they are "a sinful nation," laden with iniquity, seeds of evildoers—having forsaken the LORD and provoked His holy anger. The rhetorical question in verse 5 introduces the theme of divine discipline: continued rebellion only invites greater judgment.
Isaiah employs vivid medical imagery to describe Judah's spiritual state (vv. 6-7). From head to toe, there is no health—only wounds, bruises, and festering sores that have never been cleansed or healed. This spiritual sickness has produced physical devastation: their cities are burned, their land is consumed by foreigners, and their country lies desolate. Yet in verse 9, we encounter the first note of grace: were it not for God's mercy in preserving a "small remnant," Judah would have been completely destroyed like Sodom and Gomorrah. This principle of the remnant becomes crucial throughout Isaiah and points to God's faithful covenant-keeping even in judgment.
Addressing the leaders as representatives of "Sodom" and "Gomorrah" (v. 10), Isaiah delivers a shocking message: God is weary of their religious observances. Despite multiplied sacrifices, incense, new moons, and solemn assemblies (vv. 11-14), God declares He finds no delight in them. The reason is clear in verse 15: their hands are "full of blood"—their worship is hypocritical, unaccompanied by righteous living and justice. Religious externalism without internal transformation is an abomination to the LORD.
The prophet shifts to an urgent call for genuine repentance (vv. 16-17). God demands they wash themselves clean, cease doing evil, and learn to do good by seeking justice and defending the oppressed—the fatherless and widows. Then comes the golden invitation in verse 18: despite sins "red like crimson," the LORD offers complete cleansing, making them white as snow. This is conditioned on willingness and obedience (v. 19), which brings blessing; refusal brings judgment by the sword (v. 20).
Isaiah laments that Jerusalem, once a city of righteousness, has become corrupt (vv. 21-23). Yet God promises purification through judgment (vv. 24-26), culminating in Zion's restoration as a righteous city. The chapter concludes with the fate of sinners and the glory of the redeemed (vv. 27-31).
Isaiah 1 calls contemporary believers to examine whether our faith is genuine or merely external. Do we worship God while harboring sin or ignoring injustice? The promise of verse 18 remains: God offers complete forgiveness to all who repent and turn from wickedness. Our response determines our blessing or judgment.