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Isaiah 1

BSB·31 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1This is the vision concerningעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → Judahיְהוּדָ֖הyə·hū·ḏāh — The Lord is praisedH3063 — Full Word Study → and Jerusalemוִירוּשָׁלִָ֑םwî·rū·šā·lim — City of peaceH3389 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁ֣ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → Isaiahיְשַֽׁעְיָ֣הוּyə·ša‘·yā·hū — Isaiah; the name of seven IsraelitesH3470 — Full Word Study → sonבֶן־ḇen- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Amozאָמ֔וֹץ’ā·mō·wṣ — Strong FatherH531 — Full Word Study → sawחָזָ֔הḥā·zāh — to see, behold, perceive, or prophesyH2372 — Full Word Study → during the reignsבִּימֵ֨יbî·mê — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → of Uzziahעֻזִּיָּ֧הוּ‘uz·zî·yā·hū — Yahweh is My StrengthH5818 — Full Word Study →, Jothamיוֹתָ֛םyō·w·ṯām — Yahweh is perfectH3147 — Full Word Study →, Ahazאָחָ֥ז’ā·ḥāz — He has graspedH271 — Full Word Study →, and Hezekiahיְחִזְקִיָּ֖הוּyə·ḥiz·qî·yā·hū — The LORD strengthensH2396 — Full Word Study →, kingsמַלְכֵ֥יmal·ḵê — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → of Judahיְהוּדָֽה׃yə·hū·ḏāh — The Lord is praisedH3063 — Full Word Study →. 2Listenשִׁמְע֤וּšim·‘ū — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study →, O heavensשָׁמַ֙יִם֙šā·ma·yim — The heavens; sky; dwelling place of GodH8064 — Full Word Study →, and give earוְהַאֲזִ֣ינִיwə·ha·’ă·zî·nî — to listen, give ear, hear attentivelyH238 — Full Word Study →, O earthאֶ֔רֶץ’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →, forכִּ֥יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → has spokenדִּבֵּ֑רdib·bêr — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study →: “I have raisedגִּדַּ֣לְתִּיgid·dal·tî — to grow, become great, magnifyH1431 — Full Word Study → childrenבָּנִים֙bā·nîm — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → and brought them upוְרוֹמַ֔מְתִּיwə·rō·w·mam·tî — To raise, lift up, exalt; to be highH7311 — Full Word Study →, but theyוְהֵ֖םwə·hêm — They, them (masculine plural pronoun)H1992 — Full Word Study → have rebelledפָּ֥שְׁעוּpā·šə·‘ū — To transgress, rebel, or violate a covenant or lawH6586 — Full Word Study → against Me. 3The oxשׁוֹר֙šō·wr — Ox, bull, or cattleH7794 — Full Word Study → knowsיָדַ֥עyā·ḏa‘ — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → its ownerקֹנֵ֔הוּqō·nê·hū — to acquire, buy, or possess through paymentH7069 — Full Word Study →, and the donkeyוַחֲמ֖וֹרwa·ḥă·mō·wr — donkey; beast of burdenH2543 — Full Word Study → its master’sבְּעָלָ֑יוbə·‘ā·lāw — Master, owner, lord, husbandH1167 — Full Word Study → mangerאֵב֣וּס’ê·ḇūs — Animal feeding trough or mangerH18 — Full Word Study →, but Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙yiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study → does notלֹ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → knowיָדַ֔עyā·ḏa‘ — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study →; My peopleעַמִּ֖י‘am·mî — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → do notלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → understandהִתְבּוֹנָֽן׃hiṯ·bō·w·nān — To understand, discern, perceiveH995 — Full Word Study →.” 4Alasה֣וֹי׀hō·w — Woe, alas, or lamentH1945 — Full Word Study →, O sinfulחֹטֵ֗אḥō·ṭê — To sin; to miss the mark; to commit wrongdoingH2398 — Full Word Study → nationגּ֣וֹיgō·w — Nation; a people or ethnic groupH1471 — Full Word Study →, a peopleעַ֚ם‘am — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → ladenכֶּ֣בֶדke·ḇeḏ — Heavy; weighty; burdensome; grievousH3515 — Full Word Study → with iniquityעָוֺ֔ן‘ā·wōn — Iniquity, guilt, or moral wrongdoingH5771 — Full Word Study →, a broodזֶ֣רַעze·ra‘ — Seed; offspring; descendant; progenyH2233 — Full Word Study → of evildoersמְרֵעִ֔יםmə·rê·‘îm — to break, spoil, or do evilH7489 — Full Word Study →, childrenבָּנִ֖יםbā·nîm — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of depravity! They have forsakenעָזְב֣וּ‘ā·zə·ḇū — to abandon, forsake, or leave behindH5800 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֗הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →; they have despisedנִֽאֲצ֛וּni·’ă·ṣū — To spurn, reject, or treat with contemptH5006 — Full Word Study → the Holyקְד֥וֹשׁqə·ḏō·wōš — Set apart, consecrated, sacredH6918 — Full Word Study → One of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לyiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study → and turned their backs on Himאָחֽוֹר׃’ā·ḥō·wr — back, behind, rear; afterward, futureH268 — Full Word Study →. 5Whyעַ֣ל‘al — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → do you want moreע֖וֹד‘ō·wḏ — still, yet, again, continuing or additional occurrenceH5750 — Full Word Study → beatingsתֻכּ֛וּṯuk·kū — To strike, smite, or defeat with forceH5221 — Full Word Study →? Why do you keepתּוֹסִ֣יפוּtō·w·sî·p̄ū — to add, increase, or do againH3254 — Full Word Study → rebellingסָרָ֑הsā·rāh — rebellion, revolting against authorityH5627 — Full Word Study →? Your headרֹ֣אשׁrōš — Head; chief; beginning; topH7218 — Full Word Study → has a massiveכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → woundלָחֳלִ֔יlā·ḥo·lî — Sickness, disease, illnessH2483 — Full Word Study →, and your wholeוְכָל־wə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → heartלֵבָ֖בlê·ḇāḇ — The inner self; mind, will, understandingH3824 — Full Word Study → is afflictedדַּוָּֽי׃daw·wāy — weakness, faintness, languishingH1742 — Full Word Study →. 6From the soleמִכַּף־mik·kap̄- — Palm of the hand; hollow of anything; power or controlH3709 — Full Word Study → of your footרֶ֤גֶלre·ḡel — Foot; by extension, journey, way, or standingH7272 — Full Word Study → to the topוְעַד־wə·‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → of your headרֹאשׁ֙rōš — Head; chief; beginning; topH7218 — Full Word Study →, there is no soundnessמְתֹ֔םmə·ṯōm — Soundness, integrity, wholenessH4974 — Full Word Study →only woundsפֶּ֥צַעpe·ṣa‘ — wound, injury, or blow to the bodyH6482 — Full Word Study → and weltsוְחַבּוּרָ֖הwə·ḥab·bū·rāh — A bruise, wound, or stripe on the bodyH2250 — Full Word Study → and festeringטְרִיָּ֑הṭə·rî·yāh — Fresh, moist, newly madeH2961 — Full Word Study → soresוּמַכָּ֣הū·mak·kāh — A blow, wound, or plague; physical injury or divine judgmentH4347 — Full Word Study → neitherלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → cleansedזֹ֙רוּ֙zō·rū — to crush, press together, or throngH2115 — Full Word Study → norוְלֹ֣אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → bandagedחֻבָּ֔שׁוּḥub·bā·šū — To bind, saddle, or gird; to restrain or governH2280 — Full Word Study → norוְלֹ֥אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → soothedרֻכְּכָ֖הruk·kə·ḵāh — to soften, become tender or weakH7401 — Full Word Study → with oilבַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃baš·šā·men — Oil; ointment; fat; luxuryH8081 — Full Word Study →. 7Your landאַרְצְכֶ֣ם’ar·ṣə·ḵem — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → is desolateשְׁמָמָ֔הšə·mā·māh — desolation, devastation, ruin, astonishmentH8077 — Full Word Study →; your citiesעָרֵיכֶ֖ם‘ā·rê·ḵem — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study → are burned with fireאֵ֑שׁ’êš — Fire; flame; burningH784 — Full Word Study →. Foreignersזָרִים֙zā·rîm — to turn aside, be strange or foreignH2114 — Full Word Study → devourאֹכְלִ֣ים’ō·ḵə·lîm — to eat, consume, devourH398 — Full Word Study → your fieldsאַדְמַתְכֶ֗ם’aḏ·maṯ·ḵem — Land, soil, ground, earthH127 — Full Word Study → before youלְנֶגְדְּכֶם֙lə·neḡ·də·ḵem — before, in front of, in the presence ofH5048 — Full Word Study →a desolationוּשְׁמָמָ֖הū·šə·mā·māh — desolation, devastation, ruin, astonishmentH8077 — Full Word Study → demolishedכְּמַהְפֵּכַ֥תkə·mah·pê·ḵaṯ — Overthrow, destruction, ruinH4114 — Full Word Study → by strangersזָרִֽים׃zā·rîm — to turn aside, be strange or foreignH2114 — Full Word Study →. 8And the Daughterבַת־ḇaṯ- — daughter; female child or descendantH1323 — Full Word Study → of Zionצִיּ֖וֹןṣî·yō·wn — The Lord's MountainH6726 — Full Word Study → is abandonedוְנוֹתְרָ֥הwə·nō·wṯ·rāh — to remain, be left over, excelH3498 — Full Word Study → like a shelterכְּסֻכָּ֣הkə·suk·kāh — A temporary shelter or booth constructed from branches or woven materialH5521 — Full Word Study → in a vineyardבְכָ֑רֶםḇə·ḵā·rem — Vineyard; a planted garden of grapevinesH3754 — Full Word Study →, like a shackכִּמְלוּנָ֥הkim·lū·nāh — A temporary shelter or lodging placeH4412 — Full Word Study → in a cucumber fieldבְמִקְשָׁ֖הḇə·miq·šāh — field or garden of cucumbersH4750 — Full Word Study →, like a cityכְּעִ֥ירkə·‘îr — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study → besiegedנְצוּרָֽה׃nə·ṣū·rāh — to guard, watch, keep, preserveH5341 — Full Word Study →. 9Unlessלוּלֵי֙lū·lê — unless, except, if notH3884 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֣הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → of Hostsצְבָא֔וֹתṣə·ḇā·’ō·wṯ — army, host, or organized military forceH6635 — Full Word Study → had leftהוֹתִ֥ירhō·w·ṯîr — to remain, be left over, excelH3498 — Full Word Study → us a fewכִּמְעָ֑טkim·‘āṭ — A small amount; little; fewH4592 — Full Word Study → survivorsשָׂרִ֖ידśā·rîḏ — Survivor; remnant; one left aliveH8300 — Full Word Study →, we would have becomeהָיִ֔ינוּhā·yî·nū — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → like Sodomכִּסְדֹ֣םkis·ḏōm — Burnt or scorchedH5467 — Full Word Study →, we would have resembledדָּמִֽינוּ׃סdā·mî·nū — To resemble, liken, or compareH1819 — Full Word Study → Gomorrahלַעֲמֹרָ֖הla·‘ă·mō·rāh — Gomorrah, a condemned cityH6017 — Full Word Study →. 10Hearשִׁמְע֥וּšim·‘ū — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → the wordדְבַר־ḏə·ḇar- — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → of the LORDיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →, you rulersקְצִינֵ֣יqə·ṣî·nê — Chief, ruler, commander, or leader in authorityH7101 — Full Word Study → of Sodomסְדֹ֑םsə·ḏōm — Burnt or scorchedH5467 — Full Word Study →; listenהַאֲזִ֛ינוּha·’ă·zî·nū — to listen, give ear, hear attentivelyH238 — Full Word Study → to the instructionתּוֹרַ֥תtō·w·raṯ — instruction, teaching, law, guidanceH8451 — Full Word Study → of our Godאֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ’ĕ·lō·hê·nū — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →, you peopleעַ֥ם‘am — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → of Gomorrahעֲמֹרָֽה׃‘ă·mō·rāh — Gomorrah, a condemned cityH6017 — Full Word Study →! 11“What good to Me is your multitude of sacrificesזִבְחֵיכֶם֙ziḇ·ḥê·ḵem — sacrificial offering; animal sacrificeH2077 — Full Word Study →?” saysיֹאמַ֣רyō·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֔הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →. “I am fullשָׂבַ֛עְתִּיśā·ḇa‘·tî — to satisfy, fill, have enoughH7646 — Full Word Study → from the burnt offeringsעֹל֥וֹת‘ō·lō·wṯ — burnt offering; ascending sacrificeH5930 — Full Word Study → of ramsאֵילִ֖ים’ê·lîm — strength, mighty one, ram, pillarH352 — Full Word Study → and the fatוְחֵ֣לֶבwə·ḥê·leḇ — Fat; the richest or best partH2459 — Full Word Study → of well-fed cattleמְרִיאִ֑יםmə·rî·’îm — fattened animal; well-fed livestockH4806 — Full Word Study →; I take no delightחָפָֽצְתִּי׃ḥā·p̄ā·ṣə·tî — to delight in; to desire; to take pleasureH2654 — Full Word Study → in the bloodוְדַ֨םwə·ḏam — blood; life force; bloodshed; guiltH1818 — Full Word Study → of bullsפָּרִ֧יםpā·rîm — Young bull or bullock; a sacrificial animalH6499 — Full Word Study → and lambsוּכְבָשִׂ֛יםū·ḵə·ḇā·śîm — A young male sheep; lambH3532 — Full Word Study → and goatsוְעַתּוּדִ֖יםwə·‘at·tū·ḏîm — male goat; leader or chiefH6260 — Full Word Study →. 12Whenכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → you comeתָבֹ֔אוּṯā·ḇō·’ū — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → to appearלֵרָא֖וֹתlê·rā·’ō·wṯ — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → before Meפָּנָ֑יpā·nāy — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study →, whoמִי־mî- — who? what person?H4310 — Full Word Study → has requiredבִקֵּ֥שׁḇiq·qêš — To seek, search for, or request earnestlyH1245 — Full Word Study → thisזֹ֛אתzōṯ — This, that; demonstrative pronounH2063 — Full Word Study → of youמִיֶּדְכֶ֖םmî·yeḏ·ḵem — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study →this tramplingרְמֹ֥סrə·mōs — to trample, tread down, crush underfootH7429 — Full Word Study → of My courtsחֲצֵרָֽי׃ḥă·ṣê·rāy — Enclosed courtyard or village settlementH2691 — Full Word Study →? 13Bringהָבִיא֙hā·ḇî — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → your worthlessשָׁ֔וְאšāw — falsehood, deception, emptinessH7723 — Full Word Study → offeringsמִנְחַת־min·ḥaṯ- — Gift offering; present or tributeH4503 — Full Word Study → noלֹ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → moreתוֹסִ֗יפוּṯō·w·sî·p̄ū — to add, increase, or do againH3254 — Full Word Study →; your incenseקְטֹ֧רֶתqə·ṭō·reṯ — Fragrant incense; sweet-smelling smoke offeringH7004 — Full Word Study → is detestableתּוֹעֵבָ֛הtō·w·‘ê·ḇāh — Abomination; something detestable or loathsomeH8441 — Full Word Study → to Me— your New Moonsחֹ֤דֶשׁḥō·ḏeš — A month; lunar period; new moonH2320 — Full Word Study →, Sabbathsוְשַׁבָּת֙wə·šab·bāṯ — Rest dayH7676 — Full Word Study →, and convocationsקְרֹ֣אqə·rō — To call, summon, or proclaimH7121 — Full Word Study →. I cannotלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → endureאוּכַ֥ל’ū·ḵal — to be able, have power, endureH3201 — Full Word Study → iniquityאָ֖וֶן’ā·wen — Evil, wickedness, iniquity, or worthlessnessH205 — Full Word Study → in a solemn assemblyוַעֲצָרָֽה׃wa·‘ă·ṣā·rāh — Solemn assembly or sacred gatheringH6116 — Full Word Study →. 14Iנַפְשִׁ֔יnap̄·šî — soul, life, person, selfH5315 — Full Word Study → hateשָׂנְאָ֣הśā·nə·’āh — to hate, despise, regard with hostilityH8130 — Full Word Study → your New Moonsחָדְשֵׁיכֶ֤םḥā·ḏə·šê·ḵem — A month; lunar period; new moonH2320 — Full Word Study → and your appointed feastsוּמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם֙ū·mō·w·‘ă·ḏê·ḵem — appointed time; solemn assemblyH4150 — Full Word Study →. They have becomeהָי֥וּhā·yū — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → a burdenלָטֹ֑רַחlā·ṭō·raḥ — burden, trouble, wearinessH2960 — Full Word Study → to Meעָלַ֖י‘ā·lay — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study →; I am wearyנִלְאֵ֖יתִיnil·’ê·ṯî — to be weary, faint, or loatheH3811 — Full Word Study → of bearing themנְשֹֽׂא׃nə·śō — To lift up, raise, or bear; to carry or supportH5375 — Full Word Study →. 15When you spread outוּבְפָרִשְׂכֶ֣םū·ḇə·p̄ā·riś·ḵem — to spread, stretch out, or extendH6566 — Full Word Study → your hands in prayerכַּפֵּיכֶ֗םkap·pê·ḵem — Palm of the hand; hollow of anything; power or controlH3709 — Full Word Study →, I will hideאַעְלִ֤ים’a‘·lîm — to hide, conceal, or act in secretH5956 — Full Word Study → My eyesעֵינַי֙‘ê·nay — Eye; sight; appearance; fountainH5869 — Full Word Study → from you; evenגַּ֛םgam — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → thoughכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → you multiplyתַרְבּ֥וּṯar·bū — To increase, multiply, grow abundantH7235 — Full Word Study → your prayersתְפִלָּ֖הṯə·p̄il·lāh — Prayer; formal or spontaneous petition to GodH8605 — Full Word Study →, I will notאֵינֶ֣נִּי’ê·nen·nî — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study → listenשֹׁמֵ֑עַšō·mê·a‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study →. Your handsיְדֵיכֶ֖םyə·ḏê·ḵem — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → are coveredמָלֵֽאוּ׃mā·lê·’ū — to fill, fulfill, completeH4390 — Full Word Study → with bloodדָּמִ֥יםdā·mîm — blood; life force; bloodshed; guiltH1818 — Full Word Study →. 16Washרַחֲצוּ֙ra·ḥă·ṣū — to wash or bathe the bodyH7364 — Full Word Study → and cleanse yourselvesהִזַּכּ֔וּhiz·zak·kū — to be clean, cleanse, purifyH2135 — Full Word Study →. Removeהָסִ֛ירוּhā·sî·rū — to turn aside, depart, removeH5493 — Full Word Study → your evilרֹ֥עַrō·a‘ — Evil, wickedness, badnessH7455 — Full Word Study → deedsמַעַלְלֵיכֶ֖םma·‘al·lê·ḵem — deed, work, or actionH4611 — Full Word Study → fromמִנֶּ֣גֶדmin·ne·ḡeḏ — before, in front of, in the presence ofH5048 — Full Word Study → My sightעֵינָ֑י‘ê·nāy — Eye; sight; appearance; fountainH5869 — Full Word Study →. Stopחִדְל֖וּḥiḏ·lū — to cease, stop, or desist from an actionH2308 — Full Word Study → doing evilהָרֵֽעַ׃hā·rê·a‘ — to break, spoil, or do evilH7489 — Full Word Study →! 17Learnלִמְד֥וּlim·ḏū — To learn; to teach; to become accustomedH3925 — Full Word Study → to do rightהֵיטֵ֛בhê·ṭêḇ — to be good, to improve, to do wellH3190 — Full Word Study →; seekדִּרְשׁ֥וּdir·šū — to seek, inquire, search diligentlyH1875 — Full Word Study → justiceמִשְׁפָּ֖טmiš·pāṭ — Justice, judgment, or legal decisionH4941 — Full Word Study → and correct the oppressorחָמ֑וֹץḥā·mō·wṣ — oppression, wrongful pressure or burdenH2541 — Full Word Study →. Defendשִׁפְט֣וּšip̄·ṭū — to judge, govern, or execute justiceH8199 — Full Word Study → the fatherlessיָת֔וֹםyā·ṯō·wm — A child without a father; an orphanH3490 — Full Word Study → and plead the case of the widowאַלְמָנָֽה׃ס’al·mā·nāh — A woman whose husband has died; widowH490 — Full Word Study →.” 18Comeלְכוּ־lə·ḵū- — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → nowנָ֛אnā — Please, I beseech, I prayH4994 — Full Word Study →, let us reason togetherוְנִוָּֽכְחָ֖הwə·niw·wā·ḵə·ḥāh — To rebuke, reprove, or correct with reasoningH3198 — Full Word Study →,” saysיֹאמַ֣רyō·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֑הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →. “Thoughאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → your sinsחֲטָאֵיכֶ֤םḥă·ṭā·’ê·ḵem — sin, transgression, or guiltH2399 — Full Word Study → areיִֽהְי֨וּyih·yū — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → like scarletכַּשָּׁנִים֙kaš·šā·nîm — Scarlet or crimson red dye/threadH8144 — Full Word Study →, they will be as whiteיַלְבִּ֔ינוּyal·bî·nū — to be white; to make bricksH3835 — Full Word Study → as snowכַּשֶּׁ֣לֶגkaš·še·leḡ — snow; whiteness; purityH7950 — Full Word Study →; thoughאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → they are as redיַאְדִּ֥ימוּya’·dî·mū — to be red; to redden; ruddy complexionH119 — Full Word Study → as crimsonכַתּוֹלָ֖עḵat·tō·w·lā‘ — Crimson or scarlet dye/cloth; the worm producing itH8438 — Full Word Study →, they will becomeיִהְיֽוּ׃yih·yū — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → like woolכַּצֶּ֥מֶרkaṣ·ṣe·mer — wool; fleece from sheepH6785 — Full Word Study →. 19Ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → you are willingתֹּאב֖וּtō·ḇū — to be willing, consent, desireH14 — Full Word Study → and obedientוּשְׁמַעְתֶּ֑םū·šə·ma‘·tem — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study →, you will eatתֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃tō·ḵê·lū — to eat, consume, devourH398 — Full Word Study → the bestט֥וּבṭūḇ — goodness, welfare, prosperity, well-beingH2898 — Full Word Study → of the landהָאָ֖רֶץhā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →. 20But ifוְאִם־wə·’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → you resistתְּמָאֲנ֖וּtə·mā·’ă·nū — To refuse, reject, or withhold consentH3985 — Full Word Study → and rebelוּמְרִיתֶ֑םū·mə·rî·ṯem — to rebel, provoke, resist authorityH4784 — Full Word Study →, you will be devouredתְּאֻכְּל֔וּtə·’uk·kə·lū — to eat, consume, devourH398 — Full Word Study → by the swordחֶ֣רֶבḥe·reḇ — sword; blade weaponH2719 — Full Word Study →.” Forכִּ֛יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the mouthפִּ֥יpî — Mouth; lips; edge; openingH6310 — Full Word Study → of the LORDיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → has spokenדִּבֵּֽר׃סdib·bêr — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study →. 21See how the faithfulנֶאֱמָנָ֑הne·’ĕ·mā·nāh — to trust, believe, be faithfulH539 — Full Word Study → cityקִרְיָ֖הqir·yāh — Town or city, especially fortified settlementH7151 — Full Word Study → has becomeהָיְתָ֣הhā·yə·ṯāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → a harlotלְזוֹנָ֔הlə·zō·w·nāh — to commit sexual immorality; to act as a harlot or prostituteH2181 — Full Word Study →! She once was full of justiceמִשְׁפָּ֗טmiš·pāṭ — Justice, judgment, or legal decisionH4941 — Full Word Study →; righteousnessצֶ֛דֶקṣe·ḏeq — Righteousness, justice, right standingH6664 — Full Word Study → residedיָלִ֥יןyā·lîn — to lodge, dwell, or remain (overnight or permanently)H3885 — Full Word Study → within her, but now onlyוְעַתָּ֥הwə·‘at·tāh — Now; at the present timeH6258 — Full Word Study → murderersמְרַצְּחִֽים׃mə·raṣ·ṣə·ḥîm — to murder; to unlawfully kill a human beingH7523 — Full Word Study →! 22Your silverכַּסְפֵּ֖ךְkas·pêḵ — Silver; money; price; valueH3701 — Full Word Study → has becomeהָיָ֣הhā·yāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → drossלְסִיגִ֑יםlə·sî·ḡîm — Impurities or waste removed from metal; refuseH5509 — Full Word Study →; your fine wineסָבְאֵ֖ךְsā·ḇə·’êḵ — Strong drink or fermented beverageH5435 — Full Word Study → is dilutedמָה֥וּלmā·hūl — to mix, mingle, or blend togetherH4107 — Full Word Study → with waterבַּמָּֽיִם׃bam·mā·yim — Water; liquid; fluidsH4325 — Full Word Study →. 23Your rulersשָׂרַ֣יִךְśā·ra·yiḵ — Ruler, leader, or one in authorityH8269 — Full Word Study → are rebelsסוֹרְרִ֗יםsō·wr·rîm — to rebel, turn away, be stubbornH5637 — Full Word Study →, friendsוְחַבְרֵי֙wə·ḥaḇ·rê — companion, partner, associateH2270 — Full Word Study → of thievesגַּנָּבִ֔יםgan·nā·ḇîm — thief; one who stealsH1590 — Full Word Study →. They allכֻּלּוֹ֙kul·lōw — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → loveאֹהֵ֣ב’ō·hêḇ — To love; affection, attachment, or preferenceH157 — Full Word Study → bribesשֹׁ֔חַדšō·ḥaḏ — A bribe; a gift given to corrupt or influenceH7810 — Full Word Study → and chasing afterוְרֹדֵ֖ףwə·rō·ḏêp̄ — to pursue, chase, or persecuteH7291 — Full Word Study → rewardsשַׁלְמֹנִ֑יםšal·mō·nîm — Recompense, reward, or payment for workH8021 — Full Word Study →. They do notלֹ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → defendיִשְׁפֹּ֔טוּyiš·pō·ṭū — to judge, govern, or execute justiceH8199 — Full Word Study → the fatherlessיָתוֹם֙yā·ṯō·wm — A child without a father; an orphanH3490 — Full Word Study →, and the pleaוְרִ֥יבwə·rîḇ — Strife, contention, legal disputeH7379 — Full Word Study → of the widowאַלְמָנָ֖ה’al·mā·nāh — A woman whose husband has died; widowH490 — Full Word Study → neverלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → comesיָב֥וֹאyā·ḇō·w — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → before themאֲלֵיהֶֽם׃פ’ă·lê·hem — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study →. 24Thereforeלָכֵ֗ןlā·ḵên — so, thus, rightly, thereforeH3651 — Full Word Study → the Lordהָֽאָדוֹן֙hā·’ā·ḏō·wn — Lord, master, owner, rulerH113 — Full Word Study → GODיְהוָ֣הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → of Hostsצְבָא֔וֹתṣə·ḇā·’ō·wṯ — army, host, or organized military forceH6635 — Full Word Study →, the Mightyאֲבִ֖יר’ă·ḇîr — Mighty one, strong warrior, powerful bullH46 — Full Word Study → One of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לyiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study →, declaresנְאֻ֤םnə·’um — A solemn declaration; utterance of GodH5002 — Full Word Study →: “Ahה֚וֹיhō·w — Woe, alas, or lamentH1945 — Full Word Study →, I will be relievedאֶנָּחֵ֣ם’en·nā·ḥêm — to comfort, console, or show compassion; to repent or change one's mindH5162 — Full Word Study → of My foesמִצָּרַ֔יmiṣ·ṣā·ray — Narrow, tight, or distress; an adversary or enemyH6862 — Full Word Study → and avenge Myselfוְאִנָּקְמָ֖הwə·’in·nā·qə·māh — To avenge, take vengeance, or execute judgmentH5358 — Full Word Study → on My enemiesמֵאוֹיְבָֽי׃mê·’ō·wy·ḇāy — Enemy; adversary; one who opposesH341 — Full Word Study →. 25I will turnוְאָשִׁ֤יבָהwə·’ā·šî·ḇāh — to turn back, return, restoreH7725 — Full Word Study → My handיָדִי֙yā·ḏî — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → against youעָלַ֔יִךְ‘ā·la·yiḵ — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study →; I will thoroughly purgeוְאֶצְרֹ֥ףwə·’eṣ·rōp̄ — to refine, purify, test by fireH6884 — Full Word Study → your drossסִיגָ֑יִךְsî·ḡā·yiḵ — Impurities or waste removed from metal; refuseH5509 — Full Word Study →; I will removeוְאָסִ֖ירָהwə·’ā·sî·rāh — to turn aside, depart, removeH5493 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → your impuritiesבְּדִילָֽיִךְ׃bə·ḏî·lā·yiḵ — tin; plummet (measuring line)H913 — Full Word Study →. 26I will restoreוְאָשִׁ֤יבָהwə·’ā·šî·ḇāh — to turn back, return, restoreH7725 — Full Word Study → your judgesשֹׁפְטַ֙יִךְ֙šō·p̄ə·ṭa·yiḵ — to judge, govern, or execute justiceH8199 — Full Word Study → as at firstכְּבָרִ֣אשֹׁנָ֔הkə·ḇā·ri·šō·nāh — First, foremost, or former; earliest in time or orderH7223 — Full Word Study →, and your counselorsוְיֹעֲצַ֖יִךְwə·yō·‘ă·ṣa·yiḵ — to advise, counsel, or devise a planH3289 — Full Word Study → as at the beginningכְּבַתְּחִלָּ֑הkə·ḇat·tə·ḥil·lāh — beginning, first occurrence, initial timeH8462 — Full Word Study →. After thatאַחֲרֵי־’a·ḥă·rê- — after, behind, followingH310 — Full Word Study → you will be calledיִקָּ֤רֵאyiq·qā·rê — To call, summon, or proclaimH7121 — Full Word Study → the Cityעִ֣יר‘îr — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study → of Righteousnessהַצֶּ֔דֶקhaṣ·ṣe·ḏeq — Righteousness, justice, right standingH6664 — Full Word Study →, the Faithfulנֶאֱמָנָֽה׃ne·’ĕ·mā·nāh — to trust, believe, be faithfulH539 — Full Word Study → Cityקִרְיָ֖הqir·yāh — Town or city, especially fortified settlementH7151 — Full Word Study →.” 27Zionצִיּ֖וֹןṣî·yō·wn — The Lord's MountainH6726 — Full Word Study → will be redeemedתִּפָּדֶ֑הtip·pā·ḏeh — to redeem, ransom, or buy backH6299 — Full Word Study → with justiceבְּמִשְׁפָּ֣טbə·miš·pāṭ — Justice, judgment, or legal decisionH4941 — Full Word Study →, her repentant onesוְשָׁבֶ֖יהָwə·šā·ḇe·hā — to turn back, return, restoreH7725 — Full Word Study → with righteousnessבִּצְדָקָֽה׃biṣ·ḏā·qāh — Righteousness, justice, right conductH6666 — Full Word Study →. 28But rebelsפֹּשְׁעִ֛יםpō·šə·‘îm — To transgress, rebel, or violate a covenant or lawH6586 — Full Word Study → and sinnersוְחַטָּאִ֖יםwə·ḥaṭ·ṭā·’îm — A sinner; one who transgresses God's lawH2400 — Full Word Study → will togetherיַחְדָּ֑וyaḥ·dāw — together, united, as oneH3162 — Full Word Study → be shatteredוְשֶׁ֧בֶרwə·še·ḇer — Breaking, fracture, or shattering; destruction or ruinH7667 — Full Word Study →, and those who forsakeוְעֹזְבֵ֥יwə·‘ō·zə·ḇê — to abandon, forsake, or leave behindH5800 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → will perishיִכְלֽוּ׃yiḵ·lū — to finish, complete, or bring to an endH3615 — Full Word Study →. 29Surelyכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → you will be ashamedיֵבֹ֔שׁוּyê·ḇō·šū — to be ashamed; to feel shame or disgraceH954 — Full Word Study → of the sacred oaksמֵאֵילִ֖יםmê·’ê·lîm — strength, mighty one, ram, pillarH352 — Full Word Study → in which you have delightedחֲמַדְתֶּ֑םḥă·maḏ·tem — To desire, covet, or take delight inH2530 — Full Word Study →; you will be embarrassedוְתַ֨חְפְּר֔וּwə·ṯaḥ·pə·rū — to be ashamed, brought to shameH2659 — Full Word Study → by the gardensמֵהַגַּנּ֖וֹתmê·hag·gan·nō·wṯ — Garden; enclosed cultivated plot of landH1593 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → you have chosenבְּחַרְתֶּֽם׃bə·ḥar·tem — To choose, select, or preferH977 — Full Word Study →. 30Forכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → you will becomeתִֽהְי֔וּṯih·yū — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → like an oakכְּאֵלָ֖הkə·’ê·lāh — oak tree, a large sturdy treeH424 — Full Word Study → whose leavesעָלֶ֑הָ‘ā·le·hā — Leaf or foliage of a treeH5929 — Full Word Study → are witheredנֹבֶ֣לֶתnō·ḇe·leṯ — to wilt, fall away, become foolish or vileH5034 — Full Word Study →, like a gardenוּֽכְגַנָּ֔הū·ḵə·ḡan·nāh — Garden; enclosed cultivated plot of landH1593 — Full Word Study → withoutאֵ֥ין’ên — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study → waterמַ֖יִםma·yim — Water; liquid; fluidsH4325 — Full Word Study →. 31The strong manהֶחָסֹן֙he·ḥā·sōn — to be strong, fortify, make firmH2634 — Full Word Study → will becomeוְהָיָ֤הwə·hā·yāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → tinderלִנְעֹ֔רֶתlin·‘ō·reṯ — Tow, flax fiber refuseH5296 — Full Word Study → and his workוּפֹעֲל֖וֹū·p̄ō·‘ă·lōw — work, deed, or actionH6467 — Full Word Study → will be a spark; bothשְׁנֵיהֶ֛םšə·nê·hem — The number two; a pair or coupleH8147 — Full Word Study → will burnוּבָעֲר֧וּū·ḇā·‘ă·rū — to burn, consume, or act brutishlyH1197 — Full Word Study → togetherיַחְדָּ֖וyaḥ·dāw — together, united, as oneH3162 — Full Word Study →, with no oneוְאֵ֥יןwə·’ên — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study → to quench the flamesמְכַבֶּֽה׃סmə·ḵab·beh — To extinguish or quench; to put outH3518 — Full Word Study →.
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Chapter Commentary — Isaiah 1
Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview

Isaiah 1 presents God's grievous indictment against the southern kingdom of Judah, delivered during the reigns of four kings spanning several decades of spiritual decline. The prophet opens with a courtroom scene where heaven and earth are called as witnesses to Israel's rebellion against their covenant God. Though the chapter begins with devastating judgment—comparing Judah's spiritual condition to a body covered with wounds—it culminates in a merciful invitation to repentance and the promise of restoration for all who will return to the LORD.

Verses 1-5: The Setting and the Charge

Isaiah identifies himself as the son of Amoz and establishes his prophetic authority by dating his ministry to four reigns (v. 1). He then calls heaven and earth as witnesses—a formal legal device emphasizing God's justice—as He brings charges against His own people (v. 2). The tragedy is stark: God had lovingly nurtured Israel like a father raising children, yet they rebelled against Him. In verse 3, the prophet sharpens the rebuke by contrasting dumb animals with God's chosen people: even an ox knows its owner and a donkey knows where its master feeds it, but Israel has forgotten the God who sustains them. Verse 4 catalogues their spiritual condition with brutal honesty—they are "a sinful nation," laden with iniquity, seeds of evildoers—having forsaken the LORD and provoked His holy anger. The rhetorical question in verse 5 introduces the theme of divine discipline: continued rebellion only invites greater judgment.

Verses 6-9: The Picture of Desolation

Isaiah employs vivid medical imagery to describe Judah's spiritual state (vv. 6-7). From head to toe, there is no health—only wounds, bruises, and festering sores that have never been cleansed or healed. This spiritual sickness has produced physical devastation: their cities are burned, their land is consumed by foreigners, and their country lies desolate. Yet in verse 9, we encounter the first note of grace: were it not for God's mercy in preserving a "small remnant," Judah would have been completely destroyed like Sodom and Gomorrah. This principle of the remnant becomes crucial throughout Isaiah and points to God's faithful covenant-keeping even in judgment.

Verses 10-15: God Rejects Empty Worship

Addressing the leaders as representatives of "Sodom" and "Gomorrah" (v. 10), Isaiah delivers a shocking message: God is weary of their religious observances. Despite multiplied sacrifices, incense, new moons, and solemn assemblies (vv. 11-14), God declares He finds no delight in them. The reason is clear in verse 15: their hands are "full of blood"—their worship is hypocritical, unaccompanied by righteous living and justice. Religious externalism without internal transformation is an abomination to the LORD.

Verses 16-20: The Call to Repentance and Promise

The prophet shifts to an urgent call for genuine repentance (vv. 16-17). God demands they wash themselves clean, cease doing evil, and learn to do good by seeking justice and defending the oppressed—the fatherless and widows. Then comes the golden invitation in verse 18: despite sins "red like crimson," the LORD offers complete cleansing, making them white as snow. This is conditioned on willingness and obedience (v. 19), which brings blessing; refusal brings judgment by the sword (v. 20).

Verses 21-31: The Restoration of Zion

Isaiah laments that Jerusalem, once a city of righteousness, has become corrupt (vv. 21-23). Yet God promises purification through judgment (vv. 24-26), culminating in Zion's restoration as a righteous city. The chapter concludes with the fate of sinners and the glory of the redeemed (vv. 27-31).

Application for Today

Isaiah 1 calls contemporary believers to examine whether our faith is genuine or merely external. Do we worship God while harboring sin or ignoring injustice? The promise of verse 18 remains: God offers complete forgiveness to all who repent and turn from wickedness. Our response determines our blessing or judgment.

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