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Isaiah 28

BSB·29 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1Woeה֗וֹיhō·w — Woe, alas, or lamentH1945 — Full Word Study → to the majesticגֵּאוּת֙gê·’ūṯ — Majesty, pride, or exaltation; splendor and excellenceH1348 — Full Word Study → crownעֲטֶ֤רֶת‘ă·ṭe·reṯ — Crown; royal headpiece or honorH5850 — Full Word Study → of Ephraim’sאֶפְרַ֔יִם’ep̄·ra·yim — Double fruitfulnessH669 — Full Word Study → drunkardsשִׁכֹּרֵ֣יšik·kō·rê — drunk; intoxicated; drunken personH7910 — Full Word Study →, to the fadingנֹבֵ֖לnō·ḇêl — to wilt, fall away, become foolish or vileH5034 — Full Word Study → flowerוְצִ֥יץwə·ṣîṣ — Bright ornamental plate; flower; gleaming wingH6731 — Full Word Study → of his gloriousצְבִ֣יṣə·ḇî — Splendor, beauty, or gazelleH6643 — Full Word Study → splendorתִפְאַרְתּ֑וֹṯip̄·’ar·tōw — Beauty, glory, splendor, or magnificenceH8597 — Full Word Study →, setאֲשֶׁ֛ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → onעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the summitרֹ֥אשׁrōš — Head; chief; beginning; topH7218 — Full Word Study → above the fertileשְׁמָנִ֖יםšə·mā·nîm — Oil; ointment; fat; luxuryH8081 — Full Word Study → valleyגֵּֽיא־gê- — ValleyH1516 — Full Word Study →, the pride of those overcome by wineיָֽיִן׃yā·yin — Wine; fermented grape juiceH3196 — Full Word Study →. 2Beholdהִנֵּ֨הhin·nêh — Look! Behold! Pay attention!H2009 — Full Word Study →, the Lord has one who is strong and mightyוְאַמִּץ֙wə·’am·miṣ — Strong, mighty, courageousH533 — Full Word Study →. Like a hailstormבָּרָ֖דbā·rāḏ — Hail; frozen precipitation as divine judgmentH1259 — Full Word Study → or destructiveקָ֑טֶבqā·ṭeḇ — Sudden destruction or calamityH6986 — Full Word Study → tempestשַׂ֣עַרśa·‘ar — A violent storm; terror or dreadH8178 — Full Word Study →, like a driving rainכְּ֠זֶרֶםkə·ze·rem — A violent storm or flood; torrential downpourH2230 — Full Word Study → or flooding downpourכַּבִּירִ֥יםkab·bî·rîm — mighty, strong, powerfulH3524 — Full Word Study →, he will smash that crown to the groundלָאָ֖רֶץlā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →. 3The majesticגֵּא֖וּתgê·’ūṯ — Majesty, pride, or exaltation; splendor and excellenceH1348 — Full Word Study → crownעֲטֶ֥רֶת‘ă·ṭe·reṯ — Crown; royal headpiece or honorH5850 — Full Word Study → of Ephraim’sאֶפְרָֽיִם׃’ep̄·rā·yim — Double fruitfulnessH669 — Full Word Study → drunkardsשִׁכּוֹרֵ֥יšik·kō·w·rê — drunk; intoxicated; drunken personH7910 — Full Word Study → will be trampled underfootתֵּֽרָמַ֑סְנָהtê·rā·mas·nāh — to trample, tread down, crush underfootH7429 — Full Word Study →. 4The fadingנֹבֵל֙nō·ḇêl — to wilt, fall away, become foolish or vileH5034 — Full Word Study → flowerצִיצַ֤תṣî·ṣaṯ — Flower or blossom of a plantH6733 — Full Word Study → of his beautifulצְבִ֣יṣə·ḇî — Splendor, beauty, or gazelleH6643 — Full Word Study → splendorתִפְאַרְתּ֔וֹṯip̄·’ar·tōw — Beauty, glory, splendor, or magnificenceH8597 — Full Word Study →, set onעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the summitרֹ֖אשׁrōš — Head; chief; beginning; topH7218 — Full Word Study → above the fertileשְׁמָנִ֑יםšə·mā·nîm — Oil; ointment; fat; luxuryH8081 — Full Word Study → valleyגֵּ֣יאgê — ValleyH1516 — Full Word Study →, will beוְֽהָ֨יְתָ֜הwə·hā·yə·ṯāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → like a ripe figכְּבִכּוּרָהּ֙kə·ḇik·kū·rå̄h — Early or first-ripe figH1063 — Full Word Study → beforeבְּטֶ֣רֶםbə·ṭe·rem — before, ere, prior to, not yetH2962 — Full Word Study → the summer harvestקַ֔יִץqa·yiṣ — summer; summer fruit; the warm seasonH7019 — Full Word Study →: Whoeverיִרְאֶ֤הyir·’eh — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → sees itהָֽרֹאֶה֙hā·rō·’eh — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → will take itבְּעוֹדָ֥הּbə·‘ō·w·ḏāh — still, yet, again, continuing or additional occurrenceH5750 — Full Word Study → in his handבְּכַפּ֖וֹbə·ḵap·pōw — Palm of the hand; hollow of anything; power or controlH3709 — Full Word Study → and swallow it. 5On thatהַה֗וּאha·hū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → dayבַּיּ֣וֹםbay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֣הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → of Hostsצְבָא֔וֹתṣə·ḇā·’ō·wṯ — army, host, or organized military forceH6635 — Full Word Study → will beיִֽהְיֶה֙yih·yeh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → a crownלַעֲטֶ֣רֶתla·‘ă·ṭe·reṯ — Crown; royal headpiece or honorH5850 — Full Word Study → of gloryצְבִ֔יṣə·ḇî — Splendor, beauty, or gazelleH6643 — Full Word Study →, a diademוְלִצְפִירַ֖תwə·liṣ·p̄î·raṯ — crown, diadem; turban; headdress of authorityH6843 — Full Word Study → of splendorתִּפְאָרָ֑הtip̄·’ā·rāh — Beauty, glory, splendor, or magnificenceH8597 — Full Word Study → to the remnantלִשְׁאָ֖רliš·’ār — Remnant, remainder, what is leftH7605 — Full Word Study → of His peopleעַמּֽוֹ׃‘am·mōw — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →, 6a spiritוּלְר֖וּחַū·lə·rū·aḥ — Spirit, breath, wind, or inner dispositionH7307 — Full Word Study → of justiceמִשְׁפָּ֑טmiš·pāṭ — Justice, judgment, or legal decisionH4941 — Full Word Study → to him who sitsלַיּוֹשֵׁב֙lay·yō·wō·šêḇ — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → inעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → judgmentהַמִּשְׁפָּ֔טham·miš·pāṭ — Justice, judgment, or legal decisionH4941 — Full Word Study →, and a strengthוְלִ֨גְבוּרָ֔הwə·liḡ·ḇū·rāh — Mighty power, strength, or valorH1369 — Full Word Study → to those who repelמְשִׁיבֵ֥יmə·šî·ḇê — to turn back, return, restoreH7725 — Full Word Study → the onslaughtמִלְחָמָ֖הmil·ḥā·māh — Battle, warfare, combat, military conflictH4421 — Full Word Study → at the gateשָֽׁעְרָה׃סšā·‘ə·rāh — Gate; entrance to a city or enclosureH8179 — Full Word Study →. 7Theseאֵ֙לֶּה֙’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → alsoוְגַם־wə·ḡam- — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → staggerשָׁג֔וּšā·ḡū — to wander, stray, go astrayH7686 — Full Word Study → from wineבַּיַּ֣יִןbay·ya·yin — Wine; fermented grape juiceH3196 — Full Word Study → and stumbleתָּע֑וּtā·‘ū — to stray, wander, or go astrayH8582 — Full Word Study → from strong drinkוּבַשֵּׁכָ֖רū·ḇaš·šê·ḵār — Strong alcoholic drink, fermented beverages stronger than wineH7941 — Full Word Study →: Priestsכֹּהֵ֣ןkō·hên — priest; one who serves in God's sanctuaryH3548 — Full Word Study → and prophetsוְנָבִיא֩wə·nā·ḇî — Prophet; one who speaks God's wordH5030 — Full Word Study → reelשָׁג֨וּšā·ḡū — to wander, stray, go astrayH7686 — Full Word Study → from strong drinkבַשֵּׁכָ֜רḇaš·šê·ḵār — Strong alcoholic drink, fermented beverages stronger than wineH7941 — Full Word Study → and are befuddledנִבְלְע֣וּniḇ·lə·‘ū — to swallow, devour, consume completelyH1104 — Full Word Study → byמִן־min- — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → wineהַיַּ֗יִןhay·ya·yin — Wine; fermented grape juiceH3196 — Full Word Study →. They stumbleתָּעוּ֙tā·‘ū — to stray, wander, or go astrayH8582 — Full Word Study → because ofמִן־min- — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → strong drinkהַשֵּׁכָ֔רhaš·šê·ḵār — Strong alcoholic drink, fermented beverages stronger than wineH7941 — Full Word Study →, muddledשָׁגוּ֙šā·ḡū — to wander, stray, go astrayH7686 — Full Word Study → in their visionsבָּֽרֹאֶ֔הbā·rō·’eh — seer; one who sees visionsH7203 — Full Word Study → and stumblingפָּק֖וּpā·qū — to stumble, stagger, or move unsteadilyH6328 — Full Word Study → in their judgmentsפְּלִילִיָּֽה׃pə·lî·lî·yāh — judicial decision; lawsuit; judgmentH6417 — Full Word Study →. 8Forכִּ֚יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → their tablesשֻׁלְחָנ֔וֹתšul·ḥā·nō·wṯ — table, especially for eating or displaying itemsH7979 — Full Word Study → are coveredמָלְא֖וּmā·lə·’ū — to fill, fulfill, completeH4390 — Full Word Study → with vomitקִ֣יאqî — vomit; regurgitated matterH6892 — Full Word Study →; there is not a placeמָקֽוֹם׃סmā·qō·wm — A place, location, or spaceH4725 — Full Word Study → withoutבְּלִ֖יbə·lî — without, lack of, absenceH1097 — Full Word Study → filthצֹאָ֑הṣō·’āh — Dung, excrement, filthH6675 — Full Word Study →. 9Whomמִי֙mî — who? what person?H4310 — Full Word Study → is He trying to teachיוֹרֶ֣הyō·w·reh — To shoot, throw, or teach; to direct or instructH3384 — Full Word Study →? To whomמִ֖יmî — who? what person?H4310 — Full Word Study → is He explainingיָבִ֣יןyā·ḇîn — To understand, discern, perceiveH995 — Full Word Study → His messageשְׁמוּעָ֑הšə·mū·‘āh — news, report, or rumor; something heard or toldH8052 — Full Word Study →? To infants just weanedגְּמוּלֵי֙gə·mū·lê — To deal bountifully; to ripen or mature; to repay or rewardH1580 — Full Word Study → from milkמֵֽחָלָ֔בmê·ḥā·lāḇ — milk; richness, abundanceH2461 — Full Word Study →? To babies removedעַתִּיקֵ֖י‘at·tî·qê — Ancient, aged; removed or taken awayH6267 — Full Word Study → from the breastמִשָּׁדָֽיִם׃miš·šā·ḏā·yim — Breast; teat; nursing sourceH7699 — Full Word Study →? 10For they hear: “Orderצַ֤וṣaw — command, commandment, preceptH6673 — Full Word Study → on orderלָצָו֙lā·ṣāw — command, commandment, preceptH6673 — Full Word Study →, orderצַ֣וṣaw — command, commandment, preceptH6673 — Full Word Study → on orderלָצָ֔וlā·ṣāw — command, commandment, preceptH6673 — Full Word Study →, lineקַ֥וqaw — A cord, line, or measuring instrument; figuratively, a rule or standardH6957 — Full Word Study → on lineלָקָ֖וlā·qāw — A cord, line, or measuring instrument; figuratively, a rule or standardH6957 — Full Word Study →, lineקַ֣וqaw — A cord, line, or measuring instrument; figuratively, a rule or standardH6957 — Full Word Study → on lineלָקָ֑וlā·qāw — A cord, line, or measuring instrument; figuratively, a rule or standardH6957 — Full Word Study →; a littleזְעֵ֥ירzə·‘êr — small, little, insignificantH2191 — Full Word Study → hereשָׁ֖םšām — There, in that placeH8033 — Full Word Study →, a littleזְעֵ֥ירzə·‘êr — small, little, insignificantH2191 — Full Word Study → thereשָֽׁם׃šām — There, in that placeH8033 — Full Word Study →.” 11Indeedכִּ֚יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study →, with mockingבְּלַעֲגֵ֣יbə·la·‘ă·ḡê — mocker, one who mocks or scornsH3934 — Full Word Study → lipsשָׂפָ֔הśā·p̄āh — Lips; edge, border, or shoreH8193 — Full Word Study → and foreignאַחֶ֑רֶת’a·ḥe·reṯ — another, different, or following person or thingH312 — Full Word Study → tonguesוּבְלָשׁ֖וֹןū·ḇə·lā·šō·wn — Tongue; language; speechH3956 — Full Word Study →, He will speakיְדַבֵּ֖רyə·ḏab·bêr — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → thisהַזֶּֽה׃haz·zeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study → peopleהָעָ֥םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → 12to whomאֲשֶׁ֣ר׀’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → He has saidאָמַ֣ר’ā·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →: “Thisזֹ֤אתzōṯ — This, that; demonstrative pronounH2063 — Full Word Study → is the place of restהַמְּנוּחָה֙ham·mə·nū·ḥāh — Rest, reposeH4496 — Full Word Study →, let the wearyלֶֽעָיֵ֔ףle·‘ā·yêp̄ — Weary, faint, exhaustedH5889 — Full Word Study → restהָנִ֣יחוּhā·nî·ḥū — To rest, cease, or remain in a state of quietnessH5117 — Full Word Study →; thisוְזֹ֖אתwə·zōṯ — This, that; demonstrative pronounH2063 — Full Word Study → is the place of reposeהַמַּרְגֵּעָ֑הham·mar·gê·‘āh — Rest, repose, or refreshing reliefH4774 — Full Word Study →.” But they wouldאָב֖וּא’ā·ḇū — to be willing, consent, desireH14 — Full Word Study → notוְלֹ֥אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → listenשְׁמֽוֹעַ׃šə·mō·w·a‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study →. 13Then the wordדְּבַר־də·ḇar- — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → of the LORDיְהוָ֗הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → to them will becomeוְהָיָ֨הwə·hā·yāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study →: “Orderצַ֣וṣaw — command, commandment, preceptH6673 — Full Word Study → on orderלָצָ֞וlā·ṣāw — command, commandment, preceptH6673 — Full Word Study →, orderצַ֤וṣaw — command, commandment, preceptH6673 — Full Word Study → on orderלָצָו֙lā·ṣāw — command, commandment, preceptH6673 — Full Word Study →, lineקַ֤וqaw — A cord, line, or measuring instrument; figuratively, a rule or standardH6957 — Full Word Study → on lineלָקָו֙lā·qāw — A cord, line, or measuring instrument; figuratively, a rule or standardH6957 — Full Word Study →, lineקַ֣וqaw — A cord, line, or measuring instrument; figuratively, a rule or standardH6957 — Full Word Study → on lineלָקָ֔וlā·qāw — A cord, line, or measuring instrument; figuratively, a rule or standardH6957 — Full Word Study →; a littleזְעֵ֥ירzə·‘êr — small, little, insignificantH2191 — Full Word Study → hereשָׁ֖םšām — There, in that placeH8033 — Full Word Study →, a littleזְעֵ֣ירzə·‘êr — small, little, insignificantH2191 — Full Word Study → thereשָׁ֑םšām — There, in that placeH8033 — Full Word Study →,” so thatלְמַ֨עַןlə·ma·‘an — because of, for the sake of, in order thatH4616 — Full Word Study → they will goיֵלְכ֜וּyê·lə·ḵū — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → stumblingוְכָשְׁל֤וּwə·ḵā·šə·lū — to stumble, fall, or collapseH3782 — Full Word Study → backwardאָחוֹר֙’ā·ḥō·wr — back, behind, rear; afterward, futureH268 — Full Word Study → and will be injuredוְנִשְׁבָּ֔רוּwə·niš·bā·rū — to break, shatter, crushH7665 — Full Word Study →, ensnaredוְנוֹקְשׁ֖וּwə·nō·wq·šū — to lay a snare or trap; to ensnareH3369 — Full Word Study →, and capturedוְנִלְכָּֽדוּ׃פwə·nil·kā·ḏū — To capture, seize, or take hold ofH3920 — Full Word Study →. 14Thereforeלָכֵ֛ןlā·ḵên — so, thus, rightly, thereforeH3651 — Full Word Study → hearשִׁמְע֥וּšim·‘ū — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → the wordדְבַר־ḏə·ḇar- — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → of the LORDיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →, Oאַנְשֵׁ֣י’an·šê — human being, man, mortal personH582 — Full Word Study → scoffersלָצ֑וֹןlā·ṣō·wn — Scorning, derision, contemptH3944 — Full Word Study → who ruleמֹֽשְׁלֵי֙mō·šə·lê — To rule, reign, or exercise dominionH4910 — Full Word Study → thisהַזֶּ֔הhaz·zeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study → peopleהָעָ֣םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → in Jerusalemבִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃bî·rū·šā·lim — City of peaceH3389 — Full Word Study →. 15Forכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → you saidאֲמַרְתֶּ֗ם’ă·mar·tem — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “We have madeכָּרַ֤תְנֽוּkā·raṯ·nū — To cut; to make a covenantH3772 — Full Word Study → a covenantבְרִית֙ḇə·rîṯ — A binding agreement or covenant between partiesH1285 — Full Word Study → withאֶת־’eṯ- — with, together with, againstH854 — Full Word Study → deathמָ֔וֶתmā·weṯ — death, the state of being deadH4194 — Full Word Study →; we have fashionedעָשִׂ֣ינוּ‘ā·śî·nū — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → an agreementחֹזֶ֑הḥō·zeh — A seer; one who sees visionsH2374 — Full Word Study → withוְעִם־wə·‘im- — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → Sheolשְׁא֖וֹלšə·’ō·wl — The grave; the abode of the dead; the underworldH7585 — Full Word Study →. Whenכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the overwhelming scourgeשׁוֹטֵ֤ףšō·w·ṭêp̄ — to overflow, flood, or sweep awayH7857 — Full Word Study → passes throughעָבַרʿå̄·ḇar — to cross over; to pass through or beyondH5674 — Full Word Study → it will notלֹ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → touch usיְבוֹאֵ֔נוּyə·ḇō·w·’ê·nū — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study →, becauseכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → we have madeשַׂ֧מְנוּśam·nū — to put, place, set, appointH7760 — Full Word Study → liesכָזָ֛בḵā·zāḇ — Lie, falsehood, deceptionH3577 — Full Word Study → our refugeמַחְסֵ֖נוּmaḥ·sê·nū — Refuge, shelter, or place of safetyH4268 — Full Word Study → and falsehoodוּבַשֶּׁ֥קֶרū·ḇaš·še·qer — Deception, falsehood, lieH8267 — Full Word Study → our hiding placeנִסְתָּֽרְנוּ׃סnis·tā·rə·nū — To hide, conceal, or keep secretH5641 — Full Word Study →.” 16Soלָכֵ֗ןlā·ḵên — so, thus, rightly, thereforeH3651 — Full Word Study → this is whatכֹּ֤הkōh — thus, so, in this mannerH3541 — Full Word Study → the Lordאֲדֹנָ֣י’ă·ḏō·nāy — Master, LordH136 — Full Word Study → GODיְהוִ֔הYah·weh — The LORD, the covenant God of IsraelH3069 — Full Word Study → saysאָמַר֙’ā·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →: “Seeהִנְנִ֛יhin·nî — Look! Behold! — an attention-directing particleH2005 — Full Word Study →, I layיִסַּ֥דyis·saḏ — to found, establish, lay a foundationH3245 — Full Word Study → a stoneאָ֑בֶן’ā·ḇen — Stone; rock; precious stoneH68 — Full Word Study → in Zionבְּצִיּ֖וֹןbə·ṣî·yō·wn — The Lord's MountainH6726 — Full Word Study →, a testedבֹּ֜חַןbō·ḥan — to test, try, examine, proveH976 — Full Word Study → stoneאֶ֣בֶן’e·ḇen — Stone; rock; precious stoneH68 — Full Word Study →, a preciousיִקְרַת֙yiq·raṯ — precious, valuable, honoredH3368 — Full Word Study → cornerstoneפִּנַּ֤תpin·naṯ — corner, cornerstone, angle, fortressH6438 — Full Word Study →, a sureמוּסָּ֔דmūs·sāḏ — to found, establish, lay a foundationH3245 — Full Word Study → foundationמוּסָ֣דmū·sāḏ — Foundation, base, or groundworkH4143 — Full Word Study →; the one who believesהַֽמַּאֲמִ֖יןham·ma·’ă·mîn — to trust, believe, be faithfulH539 — Full Word Study → will neverלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → be shakenיָחִֽישׁ׃yā·ḥîš — To hurry; to hasten with eagernessH2363 — Full Word Study →. 17I will makeוְשַׂמְתִּ֤יwə·śam·tî — to put, place, set, appointH7760 — Full Word Study → justiceמִשְׁפָּט֙miš·pāṭ — Justice, judgment, or legal decisionH4941 — Full Word Study → the measuring lineלְקָ֔וlə·qāw — A cord, line, or measuring instrument; figuratively, a rule or standardH6957 — Full Word Study → and righteousnessוּצְדָקָ֖הū·ṣə·ḏā·qāh — Righteousness, justice, right conductH6666 — Full Word Study → the levelלְמִשְׁקָ֑לֶתlə·miš·qā·leṯ — plumb line, level, measuring standardH4949 — Full Word Study →. Hailבָרָד֙ḇā·rāḏ — Hail; frozen precipitation as divine judgmentH1259 — Full Word Study → will sweep awayוְיָעָ֤הwə·yā·‘āh — to sweep away, brush aside, or removeH3261 — Full Word Study → your refugeמַחְסֵ֣הmaḥ·sêh — Refuge, shelter, or place of safetyH4268 — Full Word Study → of liesכָזָ֔בḵā·zāḇ — Lie, falsehood, deceptionH3577 — Full Word Study →, and waterמַ֖יִםma·yim — Water; liquid; fluidsH4325 — Full Word Study → will floodיִשְׁטֹֽפוּ׃yiš·ṭō·p̄ū — to overflow, flood, or sweep awayH7857 — Full Word Study → your hiding placeוְסֵ֥תֶרwə·sê·ṯer — hiding place, shelter, concealmentH5643 — Full Word Study →. 18Your covenantבְּרִֽיתְכֶם֙bə·rî·ṯə·ḵem — A binding agreement or covenant between partiesH1285 — Full Word Study → withאֶת־’eṯ- — with, together with, againstH854 — Full Word Study → deathמָ֔וֶתmā·weṯ — death, the state of being deadH4194 — Full Word Study → will be dissolvedוְכֻפַּ֤רwə·ḵup·par — To atone; to cover sin and make reconciliationH3722 — Full Word Study →, and your agreementוְחָזוּתְכֶ֥םwə·ḥā·zū·ṯə·ḵem — Vision, appearance, or visible manifestationH2380 — Full Word Study → withאֶת־’eṯ- — with, together with, againstH854 — Full Word Study → Sheolשְׁא֖וֹלšə·’ō·wl — The grave; the abode of the dead; the underworldH7585 — Full Word Study → will notלֹ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → standתָק֑וּםṯā·qūm — To rise, stand, or be establishedH6965 — Full Word Study →. Whenכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the overwhelmingשׁוֹטֵף֙šō·w·ṭêp̄ — to overflow, flood, or sweep awayH7857 — Full Word Study → scourgeשׁ֤וֹטšō·wṭ — whip or scourge used for punishmentH7752 — Full Word Study → passes throughיַֽעֲבֹ֔רya·‘ă·ḇōr — to cross over; to pass through or beyondH5674 — Full Word Study →, you will beוִהְיִ֥יתֶםwih·yî·ṯem — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → trampled by itלְמִרְמָֽס׃lə·mir·mās — trampling, treading underfoot, subjection through forceH4823 — Full Word Study →. 19As often asמִדֵּ֤יmid·dê — Sufficiency, enough, according to capacityH1767 — Full Word Study → it passes throughעָבְרוֹ֙‘ā·ḇə·rōw — to cross over; to pass through or beyondH5674 — Full Word Study →, it will carry you awayיִקַּ֣חyiq·qaḥ — to take, seize, or receiveH3947 — Full Word Study →; it will sweep throughיַעֲבֹ֖רya·‘ă·ḇōr — to cross over; to pass through or beyondH5674 — Full Word Study → morningבַבֹּ֧קֶרḇab·bō·qer — Morning; daybreak; the early part of the dayH1242 — Full Word Study → after morningבַּבֹּ֛קֶרbab·bō·qer — Morning; daybreak; the early part of the dayH1242 — Full Word Study →, by dayבַּיּ֣וֹםbay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → and by nightוּבַלָּ֑יְלָהū·ḇal·lā·yə·lāh — Night, darkness, the period of darknessH3915 — Full Word Study →.” The understandingהָבִ֥יןhā·ḇîn — To understand, discern, perceiveH995 — Full Word Study → of this message will bring sheer terrorזְוָעָ֖הzə·wā·‘āh — trembling, quaking, agitationH2113 — Full Word Study →. 20Indeedכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study →, the bedהַמַּצָּ֖עham·maṣ·ṣā‘ — bed, couch, resting placeH4702 — Full Word Study → is too shortקָצַ֥רqā·ṣar — to cut short, harvest, or reapH7114 — Full Word Study → to stretch out onמֵֽהִשְׂתָּרֵ֑עַmê·hiś·tā·rê·a‘ — to extend, stretch out, spread abroadH8311 — Full Word Study →, and the blanketוְהַמַּסֵּכָ֥הwə·ham·mas·sê·ḵāh — Cast metal image; molten idolH4541 — Full Word Study → too smallצָ֖רָהṣā·rāh — to bind, squeeze, or oppress; to distress or afflictH6887 — Full Word Study → to wrap around youכְּהִתְכַּנֵּֽס׃kə·hiṯ·kan·nês — to gather together, assemble, collectH3664 — Full Word Study →. 21Forכִּ֤יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֔הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → will rise upיָק֣וּםyā·qūm — To rise, stand, or be establishedH6965 — Full Word Study → as at Mountכְהַר־ḵə·har- — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study → Perazimפְּרָצִים֙pə·rā·ṣîm — Perazim, a mountain of breachesH6559 — Full Word Study →. He will rouse Himselfיִרְגָּ֑זyir·gāz — to tremble, shake, or be disturbedH7264 — Full Word Study → as in the Valley of Gibeonבְּגִבְע֣וֹןbə·ḡiḇ·‘ō·wn — Hill city of BenjaminH1391 — Full Word Study →, to doלַעֲשׂ֤וֹתla·‘ă·śō·wṯ — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → His workמַעֲשֵׂ֙הוּ֙ma·‘ă·śê·hū — Work, deed, or actionH4639 — Full Word Study →, His strangeזָ֣רzār — to turn aside, be strange or foreignH2114 — Full Word Study → workמַעֲשֵׂ֔הוּma·‘ă·śê·hū — Work, deed, or actionH4639 — Full Word Study →, and to performוְלַֽעֲבֹד֙wə·la·‘ă·ḇōḏ — to serve, labor, workH5647 — Full Word Study → His taskעֲבֹ֣דָת֔וֹ‘ă·ḇō·ḏā·ṯōw — Work, service, labor, or toilH5656 — Full Word Study →, His disturbingנָכְרִיָּ֖הnā·ḵə·rî·yāh — foreign, alien, strangerH5237 — Full Word Study → taskעֲבֹדָתֽוֹ׃‘ă·ḇō·ḏā·ṯōw — Work, service, labor, or toilH5656 — Full Word Study →. 22So nowוְעַתָּה֙wə·‘at·tāh — Now; at the present timeH6258 — Full Word Study →, do notאַל־’al- — do not; negative imperative particleH408 — Full Word Study → mockתִּתְלוֹצָ֔צוּtiṯ·lō·w·ṣā·ṣū — to mock, scorn, or ridiculeH3887 — Full Word Study →, orפֶּֽן־pen- — lest, that not, for fear thatH6435 — Full Word Study → your shacklesמֽוֹסְרֵיכֶ֑םmō·ws·rê·ḵem — bond, cord, or restraint; discipline or correctionH4147 — Full Word Study → will become heavierיֶחְזְק֖וּyeḥ·zə·qū — To strengthen, make firm, establishH2388 — Full Word Study →. Indeedכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study →, I have heardשָׁמַ֗עְתִּיšā·ma‘·tî — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → from the Lordאֲדֹנָ֧י’ă·ḏō·nāy — Master, LordH136 — Full Word Study → GODיְהוִ֛הYah·weh — The LORD, the covenant God of IsraelH3069 — Full Word Study → of Hostsצְבָא֖וֹתṣə·ḇā·’ō·wṯ — army, host, or organized military forceH6635 — Full Word Study → a decreeוְנֶחֱרָצָ֜הwə·ne·ḥĕ·rā·ṣāh — to decide, determine, decree with urgencyH2782 — Full Word Study → of destructionכָלָ֨הḵā·lāh — Complete destruction; utter consumption; endH3617 — Full Word Study → againstעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the wholeכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → landהָאָֽרֶץ׃hā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →. 23Listenהַאֲזִ֥ינוּha·’ă·zî·nū — to listen, give ear, hear attentivelyH238 — Full Word Study → and hearוְשִׁמְע֖וּwə·šim·‘ū — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → my voiceקוֹלִ֑יqō·w·lî — voice, sound, or cryH6963 — Full Word Study →. Pay attentionהַקְשִׁ֥יבוּhaq·šî·ḇū — To listen attentively; to give heedH7181 — Full Word Study → and hearוְשִׁמְע֖וּwə·šim·‘ū — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → what I sayאִמְרָתִֽי׃’im·rā·ṯî — A spoken word, utterance, or divine sayingH565 — Full Word Study →. 24Does the plowmanיַחֲרֹ֥שׁya·ḥă·rōš — to engrave, plow, devise, or keep silentH2790 — Full Word Study → plowהַחֹרֵ֖שׁha·ḥō·rêš — to engrave, plow, devise, or keep silentH2790 — Full Word Study → for plantingלִזְרֹ֑עַliz·rō·a‘ — to sow seed; to plantH2232 — Full Word Study → everyהֲכֹ֣לhă·ḵōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → dayהַיּ֔וֹםhay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study →? Does he continuously loosenיְפַתַּ֥חyə·p̄at·taḥ — to open, loosen, or beginH6605 — Full Word Study → and harrowוִֽישַׂדֵּ֖דwî·śad·dêḏ — to break up, harrow, or crushH7702 — Full Word Study → the soilאַדְמָתֽוֹ׃’aḏ·mā·ṯōw — Land, soil, ground, earthH127 — Full Word Study →? 25Whenאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → he has leveledשִׁוָּ֣הšiw·wāh — to level, equalize, make equal or suitableH7737 — Full Word Study → its surfaceפָנֶ֔יהָp̄ā·ne·hā — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study →, does he notהֲלוֹא֙hă·lō·w — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → sowיִזְרֹ֑קyiz·rōq — to scatter, sprinkle, or throwH2236 — Full Word Study → carawayקֶ֖צַחqe·ṣaḥ — Dill; fitches (a spice plant)H7100 — Full Word Study → and scatterוְהֵפִ֥יץwə·hê·p̄îṣ — to scatter, disperse, or break apartH6327 — Full Word Study → cuminוְכַמֹּ֣ןwə·ḵam·mōn — cumin; a spice seedH3646 — Full Word Study →? He plantsוְשָׂ֨םwə·śām — to put, place, set, appointH7760 — Full Word Study → wheatחִטָּ֤הḥiṭ·ṭāh — wheat grain or wheat cropH2406 — Full Word Study → in rowsשׂוֹרָה֙śō·w·rāh — row, line, or arrangementH7795 — Full Word Study → and barleyוּשְׂעֹרָ֣הū·śə·‘ō·rāh — barley; a cereal grainH8184 — Full Word Study → in plotsנִסְמָ֔ןnis·mān — to mark, appoint, or designateH5567 — Full Word Study →, and ryeוְכֻסֶּ֖מֶתwə·ḵus·se·meṯ — rye or a type of grainH3698 — Full Word Study → within its borderגְּבֻלָתֽוֹ׃gə·ḇu·lā·ṯōw — Border, boundary, or territorial limitH1367 — Full Word Study →. 26For his Godאֱלֹהָ֥יו’ĕ·lō·hāw — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → instructsוְיִסְּר֥וֹwə·yis·sə·rōw — To discipline, correct, or instruct through rebuke or punishmentH3256 — Full Word Study → and teaches himיוֹרֶֽנּוּ׃yō·w·ren·nū — To shoot, throw, or teach; to direct or instructH3384 — Full Word Study → properlyלַמִּשְׁפָּ֖טlam·miš·pāṭ — Justice, judgment, or legal decisionH4941 — Full Word Study →. 27Surelyכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → carawayקֶ֔צַחqe·ṣaḥ — Dill; fitches (a spice plant)H7100 — Full Word Study → is notלֹ֤אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → threshedי֣וּדַשׁyū·ḏaš — to tread, thresh, trampleH1758 — Full Word Study → with a sledgeבֶֽחָרוּץ֙ḇe·ḥā·rūṣ — Gold; determination; sharp threshing toolH2742 — Full Word Study →, and the wheelוְאוֹפַ֣ןwə·’ō·w·p̄an — wheelH212 — Full Word Study → of a cartעֲגָלָ֔ה‘ă·ḡā·lāh — Cart or wagon for transportH5699 — Full Word Study → is not rolledיוּסָּ֑בyūs·sāḇ — to turn, surround, go aroundH5437 — Full Word Study → overעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the cuminכַּמֹּ֖ןkam·mōn — cumin; a spice seedH3646 — Full Word Study →. Butכִּ֧יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → carawayקֶ֖צַחqe·ṣaḥ — Dill; fitches (a spice plant)H7100 — Full Word Study → is beaten outיֵחָ֥בֶטyê·ḥā·ḇeṭ — to beat or thresh grainH2251 — Full Word Study → with a stickבַמַּטֶּ֛הḇam·maṭ·ṭeh — Rod, staff, or tribeH4294 — Full Word Study →, and cuminוְכַמֹּ֥ןwə·ḵam·mōn — cumin; a spice seedH3646 — Full Word Study → with a rodבַּשָּֽׁבֶט׃baš·šā·ḇeṭ — tribe; staff; scepter; rodH7626 — Full Word Study →. 28Grain for breadלֶ֣חֶםle·ḥem — Bread; food; sustenanceH3899 — Full Word Study → must be groundיוּדָ֔קyū·ḏāq — to crush, pulverize, or reduce to powderH1854 — Full Word Study →, butכִּ֛יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → it is notלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → endlessly threshedיְדוּשֶׁ֑נּוּyə·ḏū·šen·nū — to tread, thresh, trampleH1758 — Full Word Study →. Though the wheelsגִּלְגַּ֧לgil·gal — wheel, or circular object that turnsH1536 — Full Word Study → of the cartעֶגְלָת֛וֹ‘eḡ·lā·ṯōw — Cart or wagon for transportH5699 — Full Word Study → roll over itוְ֠הָמַםwə·hā·mam — to confuse, trouble, or crushH2000 — Full Word Study →, the horsesוּפָרָשָׁ֖יוū·p̄ā·rā·šāw — Horseman; cavalry soldier or mounted warriorH6571 — Full Word Study → do notלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → crush itיְדֻקֶּֽנּוּ׃yə·ḏuq·qen·nū — to crush, pulverize, or reduce to powderH1854 — Full Word Study →. 29Thisזֹ֕אתzōṯ — This, that; demonstrative pronounH2063 — Full Word Study → alsoגַּם־gam- — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → comesיָצָ֑אָהyā·ṣā·’āh — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → fromמֵעִ֛םmê·‘im — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֥הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → of Hostsצְבָא֖וֹתṣə·ḇā·’ō·wṯ — army, host, or organized military forceH6635 — Full Word Study →, who is wonderful in counselעֵצָ֔ה‘ê·ṣāh — counsel, advice, or purposeH6098 — Full Word Study → and excellent in wisdomתּוּשִׁיָּֽה׃סtū·šî·yāh — Wisdom, sound counsel, practical understandingH8454 — Full Word Study →.
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Chapter Commentary — Isaiah 28
Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview

Isaiah 28 presents a powerful contrast between human pride and God's sovereignty, between spiritual intoxication and true rest, and between false security and genuine foundation. The chapter opens with a solemn "woe" against the northern kingdom of Ephraim, whose leaders are depicted as drunkards who have abandoned wisdom and justice. Yet amid the judgment, Isaiah unveils a glorious promise: God Himself will become the crown and glory of His faithful remnant. The chapter culminates in a beautiful parable about farming that reminds us of God's perfect wisdom and measured discipline in all His works.

Verses 1-6: Judgment on Pride and Promise of Glory

Isaiah begins with a "woe"—a funeral dirge—pronounced over Ephraim's proud leadership (v. 1). The crown of pride refers to Samaria, the capital of the northern kingdom, which Isaiah mockingly compares to a fading flower. The drunkenness mentioned is both literal and spiritual—a symbol of moral stupor and spiritual blindness. Verses 2-4 describe God's judgment as a destructive tempest and flood, imagery of the Assyrian invasion that would soon devastate the north. The proud crown will be trodden under feet like overripe fruit—quickly consumed and forgotten.

But then comes the beautiful reversal in verses 5-6. When earthly crowns fall, the LORD of hosts Himself becomes the crown of glory and diadem of beauty to the remnant—those who remain faithful. He provides not only beauty but also justice and strength to those who turn the battle toward righteousness. This is the gospel truth: our security rests not in human achievement but in God's unchanging character.

Verses 7-13: The Failure to Hear God's Word

The tragedy deepens as Isaiah reveals that even the spiritual leaders—priests and prophets—have succumbed to strong drink (v. 7). Their intoxication has clouded their visions and judgments. The image of tables full of vomit and filthiness (v. 8) powerfully conveys the moral squalor of their condition. Yet in this darkness, God graciously continues to teach (v. 9). His instruction comes to those humble enough to receive it—those weaned from milk, implying spiritual maturity and readiness.

Verses 10-13 introduce the principle of progressive revelation: precept upon precept, line upon line. God teaches step-by-step, building understanding gradually. Yet tragically, the people refuse to hear His rest and refreshing (v. 12). Because they reject His gentle instruction, God's word becomes a judgment—it causes them to fall backward, broken, snared, and taken (v. 13). Rejection of God's truth hardens the heart.

Verses 14-22: False Security and the True Foundation

Isaiah now directly addresses scornful men who rule Jerusalem (v. 14). They have made a blasphemous covenant with death and agreement with hell (v. 15)—likely referring to their trust in earthly alliances and false gods rather than in the Lord. They believe their lies will protect them, but lies are no refuge.

In contrast, God announces He has laid in Zion a foundation stone—precious, tried, and sure (v. 16). This is one of Scripture's most exalted messianic promises, fulfilled in Jesus Christ (see 1 Peter 2:6). Those who believe in this foundation will not be put to shame. God's judgment by line and plummet will sweep away all false refuges (v. 17). The covenants with death will be broken (v. 18), and God will rise in judgment like He did at Mount Perazim (v. 21)—His strange work of judgment, contrary to His nature of mercy.

Verses 23-29: The Wisdom of God's Measured Discipline

The chapter closes with a parable about farming (vv. 24-28). A farmer doesn't plow endlessly; he knows when to sow, when to separate precious seed from chaff, and how much force each crop requires. Similarly, God instructs him to discretion (v. 26). This beautiful image teaches that God's discipline—like threshing—has purpose and proportion. He is wonderful in counsel and excellent in working (v. 29).

Application for Today

Are we seeking security in earthly crowns, false alliances, or comfortable lies? Isaiah calls us to recognize Jesus Christ as our true foundation and glory. Like the farmer, God measures His discipline with perfect wisdom. When we face hardship, we can trust it serves our spiritual growth. Let us listen to God's patient instruction, reject spiritual intoxication in all its forms, and build our lives upon the Sure Foundation.

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