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Genesis 16

BSB·16 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1Now Abram’sאַבְרָ֔ם’aḇ·rām — Exalted FatherH87 — Full Word Study → wifeאֵ֣שֶׁת’ê·šeṯ — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study → Saraiוְשָׂרַי֙wə·śā·ray — My princessH8297 — Full Word Study → had borneיָלְדָ֖הyā·lə·ḏāh — to give birth, beget, or bear a childH3205 — Full Word Study → him no children, but she had an Egyptianמִצְרִ֖יתmiṣ·rîṯ — Egyptian personH4713 — Full Word Study → maidservantשִׁפְחָ֥הšip̄·ḥāh — Female servant or maidservant of lower statusH8198 — Full Word Study → namedוּשְׁמָ֥הּū·šə·māh — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study → Hagarהָגָֽר׃hā·ḡār — Flight, to fleeH1904 — Full Word Study →. 2So Saraiשָׂרַ֜יśā·ray — My princessH8297 — Full Word Study → saidוַתֹּ֨אמֶרwat·tō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Abramאַבְרָ֗ם’aḇ·rām — Exalted FatherH87 — Full Word Study →, “Lookהִנֵּה־hin·nêh- — Look! Behold! Pay attention!H2009 — Full Word Study → nowנָ֞אnā — Please, I beseech, I prayH4994 — Full Word Study →, the LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → has prevented meעֲצָרַ֤נִי‘ă·ṣā·ra·nî — to restrain, withhold, hold backH6113 — Full Word Study → from bearing children. Pleaseנָא֙nā — Please, I beseech, I prayH4994 — Full Word Study → goבֹּא־bō- — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → my maidservantשִׁפְחָתִ֔יšip̄·ḥā·ṯî — Female servant or maidservant of lower statusH8198 — Full Word Study →; perhapsאוּלַ֥י’ū·lay — Perhaps, possibly, if so beH194 — Full Word Study → I can build a familyאִבָּנֶ֖ה’ib·bā·neh — to build, construct, establishH1129 — Full Word Study → by herמִמֶּ֑נָּהmim·mɛn·nå̄h — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study →.” And Abramאַבְרָ֖ם’aḇ·rām — Exalted FatherH87 — Full Word Study → listenedוַיִּשְׁמַ֥עway·yiš·ma‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → to the voiceלְק֥וֹלlə·qō·wl — voice, sound, or cryH6963 — Full Word Study → of Saraiשָׂרָֽי׃śā·rāy — My princessH8297 — Full Word Study →. 3So afterמִקֵּץ֙miq·qêṣ — end, boundary, limit, terminusH7093 — Full Word Study → he had livedלְשֶׁ֥בֶתlə·še·ḇeṯ — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → in Canaanכְּנָ֑עַןkə·nā·‘an — Canaan; the promised land; merchant activityH3667 — Full Word Study → for tenעֶ֣שֶׂר‘e·śer — The number ten; a complete group or setH6235 — Full Word Study → yearsשָׁנִ֔יםšā·nîm — Year; period of time or ageH8141 — Full Word Study →, his wifeאֵֽשֶׁת־’ê·šeṯ- — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study → Saraiשָׂרַ֣יśā·ray — My princessH8297 — Full Word Study → tookוַתִּקַּ֞חwat·tiq·qaḥ — to take, seize, or receiveH3947 — Full Word Study → her Egyptianהַמִּצְרִית֙ham·miṣ·rîṯ — Egyptian personH4713 — Full Word Study → maidservantשִׁפְחָתָ֔הּšip̄·ḥā·ṯāh — Female servant or maidservant of lower statusH8198 — Full Word Study → Hagarהָגָ֤רhā·ḡār — Flight, to fleeH1904 — Full Word Study → and gaveוַתִּתֵּ֥ןwat·tit·tên — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → herאֹתָ֛הּ’ō·ṯāh — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → to Abramלְאַבְרָ֥םlə·’aḇ·rām — Exalted FatherH87 — Full Word Study → to be his wifeלְאִשָּֽׁה׃lə·’iš·šāh — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study →. 4And he slept withוַיָּבֹ֥אway·yā·ḇō — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → Hagarהָגָ֖רhā·ḡār — Flight, to fleeH1904 — Full Word Study →, and she conceivedוַתַּ֑הַרwat·ta·har — to conceive, become pregnantH2029 — Full Word Study →. But when Hagar realized thatכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → she was pregnantהָרָ֔תָהhā·rā·ṯāh — to conceive, become pregnantH2029 — Full Word Study →, she began to despiseוַתֵּקַ֥לwat·tê·qal — to make light; to curse; to despiseH7043 — Full Word Study → her mistressגְּבִרְתָּ֖הּgə·ḇir·tāh — Woman of rank; lady or mistressH1404 — Full Word Study →. 5Then Saraiשָׂרַ֣יśā·ray — My princessH8297 — Full Word Study → saidוַתֹּ֨אמֶרwat·tō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Abramאַבְרָם֮’aḇ·rām — Exalted FatherH87 — Full Word Study →, “May the wrong done to meחֲמָסִ֣יḥă·mā·sî — Violence, cruelty, or wrongful harmH2555 — Full Word Study → be upon you! Iאָנֹכִ֗י’ā·nō·ḵî — I, myself (first-person singular pronoun)H595 — Full Word Study → deliveredנָתַ֤תִּיnā·ṯat·tî — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → my servantשִׁפְחָתִי֙šip̄·ḥā·ṯî — Female servant or maidservant of lower statusH8198 — Full Word Study → into your armsבְּחֵיקֶ֔ךָbə·ḥê·qe·ḵā — Bosom; lap; embrace; inner chamberH2436 — Full Word Study →, and ever since she sawוַתֵּ֙רֶא֙wat·tê·re — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → thatכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → she was pregnantהָרָ֔תָהhā·rā·ṯāh — to conceive, become pregnantH2029 — Full Word Study →, she has treated me with contemptוָאֵקַ֖לwā·’ê·qal — to make light; to curse; to despiseH7043 — Full Word Study →. May the LORDיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → judgeיִשְׁפֹּ֥טyiš·pōṭ — to judge, govern, or execute justiceH8199 — Full Word Study → between you and meבֵּינִ֥יbê·nî — between, among, in the midst ofH996 — Full Word Study →.” 6Hereהִנֵּ֤הhin·nêh — Look! Behold! Pay attention!H2009 — Full Word Study →,” saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → Abramאַבְרָ֜ם’aḇ·rām — Exalted FatherH87 — Full Word Study →, “your servantשִׁפְחָתֵךְ֙šip̄·ḥā·ṯêḵ — Female servant or maidservant of lower statusH8198 — Full Word Study → is in your handsבְּיָדֵ֔ךְbə·yā·ḏêḵ — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study →. Doעֲשִׂי־‘ă·śî- — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → whatever you wantהַטּ֣וֹבhaṭ·ṭō·wḇ — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study → with her.” Then Saraiשָׂרַ֔יśā·ray — My princessH8297 — Full Word Study → treatedוַתְּעַנֶּ֣הָwat·tə·‘an·ne·hā — To afflict, humble, or oppress; to treat harshlyH6031 — Full Word Study → Hagar so harshly that she fled from herמִפָּנֶֽיהָ׃mip·pā·ne·hā — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study →. 7Now the angelמַלְאַ֧ךְmal·’aḵ — messenger; angel; envoyH4397 — Full Word Study → of the LORDיְהוָ֛הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → foundוַֽיִּמְצָאָ֞הּway·yim·ṣā·’āh — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study → Hagar by a springעֵ֥ין‘ên — Eye; sight; appearance; fountainH5869 — Full Word Study → of waterהַמַּ֖יִםham·ma·yim — Water; liquid; fluidsH4325 — Full Word Study → in the desertבַּמִּדְבָּ֑רbam·miḏ·bār — Desert; wilderness; pasture; speechH4057 — Full Word Study →the springהָעַ֖יִןhā·‘a·yin — Eye; sight; appearance; fountainH5869 — Full Word Study → along the roadבְּדֶ֥רֶךְbə·ḏe·reḵ — way, path, journey, conductH1870 — Full Word Study → to Shurשֽׁוּר׃šūr — A wilderness regionH7793 — Full Word Study →. 8Hagarהָגָ֞רhā·ḡār — Flight, to fleeH1904 — Full Word Study →, servantשִׁפְחַ֥תšip̄·ḥaṯ — Female servant or maidservant of lower statusH8198 — Full Word Study → of Saraiשָׂרַ֛יśā·ray — My princessH8297 — Full Word Study →,” he saidוַיֹּאמַ֗רway·yō·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “whereאֵֽי־’ê- — Where? How? What?H335 — Full Word Study → have you come fromבָ֖אתḇāṯ — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study →, and whereוְאָ֣נָהwə·’ā·nāh — Where? Whither? (interrogative/indefinite adverb of place)H575 — Full Word Study → are you goingתֵלֵ֑כִיṯê·lê·ḵî — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study →?” “I amאָנֹכִ֖י’ā·nō·ḵî — I, myself (first-person singular pronoun)H595 — Full Word Study → running awayבֹּרַֽחַת׃bō·ra·ḥaṯ — To flee or escape in hasteH1272 — Full Word Study → fromמִפְּנֵי֙mip·pə·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → my mistressגְּבִרְתִּ֔יgə·ḇir·tî — Woman of rank; lady or mistressH1404 — Full Word Study → Saraiשָׂרַ֣יśā·ray — My princessH8297 — Full Word Study →,” she repliedוַתֹּ֕אמֶרwat·tō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →. 9So the angelמַלְאַ֣ךְmal·’aḵ — messenger; angel; envoyH4397 — Full Word Study → of the LORDיְהוָ֔הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → toldוַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → her, “Returnשׁ֖וּבִיšū·ḇî — to turn back, return, restoreH7725 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → your mistressגְּבִרְתֵּ֑ךְgə·ḇir·têḵ — Woman of rank; lady or mistressH1404 — Full Word Study → and submitוְהִתְעַנִּ֖יwə·hiṯ·‘an·nî — To afflict, humble, or oppress; to treat harshlyH6031 — Full Word Study → to her authorityתַּ֥חַתta·ḥaṯ — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study →.” 10Then the angelמַלְאַ֣ךְmal·’aḵ — messenger; angel; envoyH4397 — Full Word Study → addedוַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “I will greatly multiplyהַרְבָּ֥הhar·bāh — To increase, multiply, grow abundantH7235 — Full Word Study → your offspringזַרְעֵ֑ךְzar·‘êḵ — Seed; offspring; descendant; progenyH2233 — Full Word Study → so thatוְלֹ֥אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → they will be too numerousמֵרֹֽב׃mê·rōḇ — Abundance, multitude, or great quantityH7230 — Full Word Study → to countיִסָּפֵ֖רyis·sā·p̄êr — To count, record, or declareH5608 — Full Word Study →.” 11The angelמַלְאַ֣ךְmal·’aḵ — messenger; angel; envoyH4397 — Full Word Study → of the LORDיְהוָ֔הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → proceededוַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →: “Beholdהִנָּ֥ךְhin·nāḵ — Look! Behold! Pay attention!H2009 — Full Word Study →, you have conceivedהָרָ֖הhā·rāh — pregnant, with child, conceiveH2030 — Full Word Study → and will bearוְיֹלַ֣דְתְּwə·yō·laḏt — to give birth, beget, or bear a childH3205 — Full Word Study → a sonבֵּ֑ןbên — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study →. And you shall name himוְקָרָ֤אתwə·qā·rāṯ — To call, summon, or proclaimH7121 — Full Word Study → Ishmaelיִשְׁמָעֵ֔אלyiš·mā·‘êl — God hearsH3458 — Full Word Study →, forכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → has heardשָׁמַ֥עšā·ma‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → your cry of afflictionעָנְיֵֽךְ׃‘ā·nə·yêḵ — affliction, distress, troubleH6040 — Full Word Study →. 12Heוְה֤וּאwə·hū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → will beיִהְיֶה֙yih·yeh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → a wild donkeyפֶּ֣רֶאpe·re — wild donkey; untamed beastH6501 — Full Word Study → of a man, and his handיָד֣וֹyā·ḏōw — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → will be against everyoneבַכֹּ֔לḇak·kōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study →, and everyone’sכֹּ֖לkōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → handוְיַ֥דwə·yaḏ — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → against him; he will liveיִשְׁכֹּֽן׃yiš·kōn — To dwell, inhabit, or settle in a placeH7931 — Full Word Study → in hostilityוְעַל־wə·‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → towardפְּנֵ֥יpə·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → allכָל־ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → his brothersאֶחָ֖יו’e·ḥāw — Male sibling; brother; kinsmanH251 — Full Word Study →.” 13So Hagar gave this nameשֵׁם־šêm- — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study → to the LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → who had spokenהַדֹּבֵ֣רhad·dō·ḇêr — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → to herאֵלֶ֔יהָ’ê·le·hā — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study →: “You areאַתָּ֖ה’at·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → the Godאֵ֣ל’êl — God, Mighty OneH410 — Full Word Study → who sees meרֳאִ֑יro·’î — sight, look, spectacle, or viewingH7210 — Full Word Study →,” forכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → she saidאָֽמְרָ֗ה’ā·mə·rāh — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Hereהֲלֹ֛םhă·lōm — Here, to this place, hitherH1988 — Full Word Study → I haveהֲגַ֥םhă·ḡam — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → seenרָאִ֖יתִיrā·’î·ṯî — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → the One who sees meרֹאִֽי׃rō·’î — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study →!” 14Thereforeעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the wellלַבְּאֵ֔רlab·bə·’êr — A deep hole or pit dug in the ground, typically for waterH875 — Full Word Study → was calledקָרָ֣אqā·rā — To call, summon, or proclaimH7121 — Full Word Study → Beer-lahai-roiרֹאִ֑יrō·’î — Beer-lahai-roi (well of the living one who sees me)H883 — Full Word Study →. It is locatedהִנֵּ֥הhin·nêh — Look! Behold! Pay attention!H2009 — Full Word Study → betweenבֵין־ḇên- — between, among, in the midst ofH996 — Full Word Study → Kadeshקָדֵ֖שׁqā·ḏêš — Holy place; sanctuaryH6946 — Full Word Study → and Beredבָּֽרֶד׃bā·reḏ — Place in EgyptH1260 — Full Word Study →. 15And Hagarהָגָ֛רhā·ḡār — Flight, to fleeH1904 — Full Word Study → boreוַתֵּ֧לֶדwat·tê·leḏ — to give birth, beget, or bear a childH3205 — Full Word Study → Abramלְאַבְרָ֖םlə·’aḇ·rām — Exalted FatherH87 — Full Word Study → a sonבֵּ֑ןbên — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study →, and Abramאַבְרָ֧ם’aḇ·rām — Exalted FatherH87 — Full Word Study → gaveוַיִּקְרָ֨אway·yiq·rā — To call, summon, or proclaimH7121 — Full Word Study → the nameשֶׁם־šem- — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study → Ishmaelיִשְׁמָעֵֽאל׃yiš·mā·‘êl — God hearsH3458 — Full Word Study → to the sonבְּנ֛וֹbə·nōw — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → she had borneיָלְדָ֥הyā·lə·ḏāh — to give birth, beget, or bear a childH3205 — Full Word Study →. 16Abramוְאַבְרָ֕םwə·’aḇ·rām — Exalted FatherH87 — Full Word Study → was eighty-sixשְׁמֹנִ֥יםšə·mō·nîm — The number eighty; fourscoreH8084 — Full Word Study → yearsשָׁנִ֑יםšā·nîm — Year; period of time or ageH8141 — Full Word Study → oldבֶּן־ben- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → when Hagarהָגָ֥רhā·ḡār — Flight, to fleeH1904 — Full Word Study → boreבְּלֶֽדֶת־bə·le·ḏeṯ- — to give birth, beget, or bear a childH3205 — Full Word Study → Ishmaelיִשְׁמָעֵ֖אלyiš·mā·‘êl — God hearsH3458 — Full Word Study → to himלְאַבְרָֽם׃סlə·’aḇ·rām — Exalted FatherH87 — Full Word Study →.
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Chapter Commentary — Genesis 16
Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview

Genesis 16 describes one of Scripture's most pivotal and troubling moments: Abram and Sarai's attempt to fulfill God's promise through human effort rather than faith. After ten years of waiting for the son God promised, Sarai proposes that Abram take her Egyptian maidservant Hagar as a surrogate wife. Though this practice was culturally acceptable in the ancient Near East, it was spiritually disastrous, setting in motion consequences that would echo through millennia. Yet even in this account of human failure, God's compassion shines through as He meets Hagar in her desperation and confirms His purposes—reminding us that our mistakes cannot thwart His plan.

Verses 1–5: The Proposal and Its Consequences

The chapter opens with the painful reality: Sarai cannot bear children (v. 1). After a decade in Canaan, faith has worn thin. Sarai proposes a culturally normalized solution—that Abram sleep with Hagar to produce an heir through her (vv. 2–3). Abram agrees without resistance. The arrangement succeeds physically: Hagar conceives (v. 4). But it fails morally and relationally. When Hagar realizes she is pregnant, she despises her barren mistress, and Sarai responds with bitter accusation toward Abram (v. 5).

Here we see the fruit of walking by sight rather than faith. God had promised Abram a son, but Abram and Sarai took matters into their own hands. This was not God's plan—it was an attempt to help God along. The result was jealousy, contempt, and broken relationships. The practical lesson is clear: human methods to accomplish God's purposes ultimately create confusion and pain. When we grow impatient with God's timing, we invite disaster.

Verses 6–12: Hagar's Encounter with the Angel

Abram, unwilling to manage the conflict, essentially abandons Hagar to Sarai's harsh treatment (v. 6). Desperate and mistreated, Hagar flees into the wilderness (v. 6). It is here that the angel of the Lord finds her at a well (v. 7)—a profound moment of divine mercy toward one who is powerless and cast aside.

The angel's words are both challenging and compassionate. Hagar is told to return and submit to Sarai (v. 9)—a difficult word, but one that places her within the household of God's covenant. Yet simultaneously, the angel promises her an extraordinary future: her descendants will be too numerous to count (v. 10). She will bear a son named Ishmael, meaning "God hears," because the Lord has heard her affliction (v. 11). The angel even prophesies the nature of Ishmael's character—independent, self-reliant, living alongside his brothers (vv. 11–12).

This passage reveals God's heart for the vulnerable and forgotten. Hagar has no power, no status, no advocates—yet God sees her (v. 13). The Lord does not dismiss her suffering or require her to suffer silently; He acknowledges her pain and offers her purpose.

Verses 13–16: The Birth of Ishmael

Hagar responds to this divine encounter by naming God "Thou God seest me" (v. 13), recognizing that she has met the Living God face to face. The well where this occurred becomes known as Beerlahairoi—"the well of the Living One who sees me" (v. 14). This name memorializes God's tender compassion toward the outcaste.

Hagar obeys, returns, and in due time bears Ishmael when Abram is eighty-six years old (vv. 15–16). While Ishmael is not the promised heir, he is genuinely Abram's son and receives God's blessing. Yet the chapter concludes with the knowledge that another son—the covenant son—is yet to come.

Application for Today

Genesis 16 calls us to patient faith in God's promises, even when circumstances tempt us to take shortcuts. It also assures us that God sees those who are suffering and marginalized. When we face delays or apparent impossibilities, may we trust God's timing rather than manufacture our own solutions—and may we extend God's compassionate sight to those around us who feel unseen.

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