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Exodus 8

BSB·32 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1Then the LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Mosesמֹשֶׁ֔הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study →, “Goבֹּ֖אbō — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Pharaohפַּרְעֹ֑הpar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → and tell him thatוְאָמַרְתָּ֣wə·’ā·mar·tā — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → this is whatכֹּ֚הkōh — thus, so, in this mannerH3541 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֔הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → saysאָמַ֣ר’ā·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →: ‘Let My peopleעַמִּ֖י‘am·mî — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → goשַׁלַּ֥חšal·laḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study →, so that they may worship Meוְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃wə·ya·‘aḇ·ḏu·nî — to serve, labor, workH5647 — Full Word Study →. 2But ifוְאִם־wə·’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → youאַתָּ֖ה’at·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → refuseמָאֵ֥ןmā·’ên — To refuse, reject, or be unwillingH3986 — Full Word Study → to let them goלְשַׁלֵּ֑חַlə·šal·lê·aḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study →, Iאָנֹכִ֗י’ā·nō·ḵî — I, myself (first-person singular pronoun)H595 — Full Word Study → will plagueנֹגֵ֛ףnō·ḡêp̄ — To strike, smite, or plague with force or judgmentH5062 — Full Word Study → your whole countryגְּבוּלְךָ֖gə·ḇū·lə·ḵā — boundary, border, or limit of a regionH1366 — Full Word Study → with frogsבַּֽצְפַרְדְּעִֽים׃baṣ·p̄ar·də·‘îm — Frog; amphibious creatureH6854 — Full Word Study →. 3The Nileהַיְאֹר֮hay·’ōr — The Nile RiverH2975 — Full Word Study → will teemוְשָׁרַ֣ץwə·šā·raṣ — to swarm, teem, or multiply abundantlyH8317 — Full Word Study → with frogsצְפַרְדְּעִים֒ṣə·p̄ar·də·‘îm — Frog; amphibious creatureH6854 — Full Word Study →, and they will comeוְעָלוּ֙wə·‘ā·lū — to ascend, rise up, go upH5927 — Full Word Study → into your palaceבְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָbə·ḇê·ṯe·ḵā — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study → and up to your bedroomוּבַחֲדַ֥רū·ḇa·ḥă·ḏar — Inner room, private chamber, bedroomH2315 — Full Word Study → and ontoוְעַל־wə·‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → your bedמִטָּתֶ֑ךָmiṭ·ṭā·ṯe·ḵā — bed; sleeping place; bierH4296 — Full Word Study →, into the housesוּבְבֵ֤יתū·ḇə·ḇêṯ — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study → of your officialsעֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙‘ă·ḇā·ḏe·ḵā — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → and your peopleוּבְעַמֶּ֔ךָū·ḇə·‘am·me·ḵā — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →, and into your ovensוּבְתַנּוּרֶ֖יךָū·ḇə·ṯan·nū·re·ḵā — Oven; furnace for baking or heatingH8574 — Full Word Study → and kneading bowlsוּבְמִשְׁאֲרוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ū·ḇə·miš·’ă·rō·w·ṯe·ḵā — kneading trough; dough; store of provisionsH4863 — Full Word Study →. 4The frogsהַֽצְפַרְדְּעִֽים׃haṣ·p̄ar·də·‘îm — Frog; amphibious creatureH6854 — Full Word Study → will come upיַעֲל֖וּya·‘ă·lū — to ascend, rise up, go upH5927 — Full Word Study → on you and your peopleוּֽבְעַמְּךָ֖ū·ḇə·‘am·mə·ḵā — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → and allוּבְכָל־ū·ḇə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → your officialsעֲבָדֶ֑יךָ‘ă·ḇā·ḏe·ḵā — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study →.’” 5And the LORDיְהוָה֮Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Mosesמֹשֶׁה֒mō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study →, “Tellאֱמֹ֣ר’ĕ·mōr — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → Aaronאַהֲרֹ֗ן’a·hă·rōn — Exalted FatherH175 — Full Word Study →, ‘Stretch outנְטֵ֤הnə·ṭêh — to stretch out, extend, incline, bendH5186 — Full Word Study → your handיָדְךָ֙yā·ḏə·ḵā — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → with your staffבְּמַטֶּ֔ךָbə·maṭ·ṭe·ḵā — Rod, staff, or tribeH4294 — Full Word Study → overעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the riversהַ֨נְּהָרֹ֔תhan·nə·hā·rōṯ — River, StreamH5104 — Full Word Study → and canalsהַיְאֹרִ֖יםhay·’ō·rîm — The Nile RiverH2975 — Full Word Study → and pondsהָאֲגַמִּ֑יםhā·’ă·ḡam·mîm — pond or pool of standing waterH98 — Full Word Study →, and cause the frogsהַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖יםhaṣ·p̄ar·də·‘îm — Frog; amphibious creatureH6854 — Full Word Study → to come up ontoוְהַ֥עַלwə·ha·‘al — to ascend, rise up, go upH5927 — Full Word Study → the landאֶ֥רֶץ’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃miṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →.’” 6So Aaronאַהֲרֹן֙’a·hă·rōn — Exalted FatherH175 — Full Word Study → stretched outוַיֵּ֤טway·yêṭ — to stretch out, extend, incline, bendH5186 — Full Word Study → his handיָד֔וֹyā·ḏōw — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → overעַ֖ל‘al — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the watersמֵימֵ֣יmê·mê — Water; liquid; fluidsH4325 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִצְרָ֑יִםmiṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →, and the frogsהַצְּפַרְדֵּ֔עַhaṣ·ṣə·p̄ar·dê·a‘ — Frog; amphibious creatureH6854 — Full Word Study → came upוַתַּ֙עַל֙wat·ta·‘al — to ascend, rise up, go upH5927 — Full Word Study → and coveredוַתְּכַ֖סwat·tə·ḵas — to cover, conceal, hideH3680 — Full Word Study → the landאֶ֥רֶץ’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃miṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →. 7But the magiciansהַֽחֲרְטֻמִּ֖יםha·ḥăr·ṭum·mîm — magician, sorcerer, wise manH2748 — Full Word Study → didוַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־way·ya·‘ă·śū- — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → the same thingכֵ֥ןḵên — so, thus, rightly, thereforeH3651 — Full Word Study → by their magic artsבְּלָטֵיהֶ֑םbə·lā·ṭê·hem — secrecy, hidden action, concealmentH3909 — Full Word Study →, and they also brought frogsהַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖יםhaṣ·p̄ar·də·‘îm — Frog; amphibious creatureH6854 — Full Word Study → upוַיַּעֲל֥וּway·ya·‘ă·lū — to ascend, rise up, go upH5927 — Full Word Study → ontoעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the landאֶ֥רֶץ’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃miṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →. 8Pharaohפַרְעֹ֜הp̄ar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → summonedוַיִּקְרָ֨אway·yiq·rā — To call, summon, or proclaimH7121 — Full Word Study → Mosesלְמֹשֶׁ֣הlə·mō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → and Aaronוּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֗ןū·lə·’a·hă·rōn — Exalted FatherH175 — Full Word Study → and saidוַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙way·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Prayהַעְתִּ֣ירוּha‘·tî·rū — To entreat, plead, or pray earnestlyH6279 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֔הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → to takeוְיָסֵר֙wə·yā·sêr — to turn aside, depart, removeH5493 — Full Word Study → the frogsהַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֔יםhaṣ·p̄ar·də·‘îm — Frog; amphibious creatureH6854 — Full Word Study → away from meמִמֶּ֖נִּיmim·men·nî — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → and my peopleוּמֵֽעַמִּ֑יū·mê·‘am·mî — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →. Then I will let your peopleהָעָ֔םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → goוַאֲשַׁלְּחָה֙wa·’ă·šal·lə·ḥāh — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study →, that they may sacrificeוְיִזְבְּח֖וּwə·yiz·bə·ḥū — to slaughter an animal as a sacrifice or offeringH2076 — Full Word Study → to the LORDלַיהוָֽה׃Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →.” 9Mosesמֹשֶׁ֣הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → to Pharaohלְפַרְעֹה֮lə·p̄ar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study →, “You may have the honorהִתְפָּאֵ֣רhiṯ·pā·’êr — to beautify, adorn, or glorifyH6286 — Full Word Study → over meעָלַי֒‘ā·lay — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study →. Whenלְמָתַ֣י׀lə·mā·ṯay — when, how long, until whenH4970 — Full Word Study → shall I prayאַעְתִּ֣יר’a‘·tîr — To entreat, plead, or pray earnestlyH6279 — Full Word Study → for you and your officialsוְלַעֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙wə·la·‘ă·ḇā·ḏe·ḵā — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → and your peopleוּֽלְעַמְּךָ֔ū·lə·‘am·mə·ḵā — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → that the frogsהַֽצֲפַרְדְּעִ֔יםha·ṣă·p̄ar·də·‘îm — Frog; amphibious creatureH6854 — Full Word Study → (except for thoseתִּשָּׁאַֽרְנָה׃tiš·šā·’ar·nāh — To remain, be left over, surviveH7604 — Full Word Study → in the Nileבַּיְאֹ֖רbay·’ōr — The Nile RiverH2975 — Full Word Study →) may be taken awayלְהַכְרִית֙lə·haḵ·rîṯ — To cut; to make a covenantH3772 — Full Word Study → fromמִמְּךָ֖mim·mə·ḵā — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → you and your housesוּמִבָּתֶּ֑יךָū·mib·bāt·te·ḵā — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study →?” 10Tomorrowלְמָחָ֑רlə·mā·ḥār — tomorrow, the next dayH4279 — Full Word Study →,” Pharaoh answered. “May it be as you say,” Moses repliedוַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙way·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “so thatלְמַ֣עַןlə·ma·‘an — because of, for the sake of, in order thatH4616 — Full Word Study → you may knowתֵּדַ֔עtê·ḏa‘ — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → thatכִּי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → there is no oneאֵ֖ין’ên — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study → like the LORDכַּיהוָ֥הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → our Godאֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃’ĕ·lō·hê·nū — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →. 11The frogsהַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֗יםhaṣ·p̄ar·də·‘îm — Frog; amphibious creatureH6854 — Full Word Study → will departוְסָר֣וּwə·sā·rū — to turn aside, depart, removeH5493 — Full Word Study → from youמִמְּךָ֙mim·mə·ḵā — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → and your housesוּמִבָּ֣תֶּ֔יךָū·mib·bāt·te·ḵā — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study → and your officialsוּמֵעֲבָדֶ֖יךָū·mê·‘ă·ḇā·ḏe·ḵā — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → and your peopleוּמֵעַמֶּ֑ךָū·mê·‘am·me·ḵā — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →; they will remainתִּשָּׁאַֽרְנָה׃tiš·šā·’ar·nāh — To remain, be left over, surviveH7604 — Full Word Study → onlyרַ֥קraq — only, merely, nothing butH7535 — Full Word Study → in the Nileבַּיְאֹ֖רbay·’ōr — The Nile RiverH2975 — Full Word Study →.” 12After Mosesמֹשֶׁ֛הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → and Aaronוְאַהֲרֹ֖ןwə·’a·hă·rōn — Exalted FatherH175 — Full Word Study → had leftוַיֵּצֵ֥אway·yê·ṣê — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → Pharaohפַּרְעֹ֑הpar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study →, Mosesמֹשֶׁה֙mō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → cried out toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֔הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → for helpוַיִּצְעַ֤קway·yiṣ·‘aq — to cry out, call for help, shriekH6817 — Full Word Study → withדְּבַ֥רdə·ḇar — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → the frogsהַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖יםhaṣ·p̄ar·də·‘îm — Frog; amphibious creatureH6854 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer- — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → He had broughtשָׂ֥םśām — to put, place, set, appointH7760 — Full Word Study → against Pharaohלְפַרְעֹֽה׃lə·p̄ar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study →. 13And the LORDיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → didוַיַּ֥עַשׂway·ya·‘aś — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → as Mosesמֹשֶׁ֑הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → requestedכִּדְבַ֣רkiḏ·ḇar — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study →, and the frogsהַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֔יםhaṣ·p̄ar·də·‘îm — Frog; amphibious creatureH6854 — Full Word Study → inמִן־min- — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → the housesהַבָּתִּ֥יםhab·bāt·tîm — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study →, the courtyardsהַחֲצֵרֹ֖תha·ḥă·ṣê·rōṯ — Enclosed courtyard or village settlementH2691 — Full Word Study →, and the fieldsהַשָּׂדֹֽת׃haś·śā·ḏōṯ — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study → diedוַיָּמֻ֙תוּ֙way·yā·mu·ṯū — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study →. 14They were piledוַיִּצְבְּר֥וּway·yiṣ·bə·rū — To heap up, gather together, accumulateH6651 — Full Word Study → into countless heapsחֳמָרִ֣םḥo·mā·rim — clay, mire, or a dry measure (homer)H2563 — Full Word Study →, and there was a terrible stenchוַתִּבְאַ֖שׁwat·tiḇ·’aš — to stink, emit a foul odor; to be abhorrent or loathsomeH887 — Full Word Study → in the landהָאָֽרֶץ׃hā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →. 15When Pharaohפַּרְעֹ֗הpar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → saw thatוַיַּ֣רְאway·yar — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → there wasהָֽיְתָה֙hā·yə·ṯāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → relief, howeverהָֽרְוָחָ֔הhā·rə·wā·ḥāh — Relief, respite, breathing spaceH7309 — Full Word Study →, he hardenedוְהַכְבֵּד֙wə·haḵ·bêḏ — to honor, glorify, or make heavy/weightyH3513 — Full Word Study → his heartלִבּ֔וֹlib·bōw — Heart; the center of emotion, will, and intellectH3820 — Full Word Study → and would notוְלֹ֥אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → listenשָׁמַ֖עšā·ma‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → to Moses and Aaron, just asכַּאֲשֶׁ֖רka·’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָֽה׃סYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → had saidדִּבֶּ֥רdib·ber — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study →. 16Then the LORDיְהוָה֮Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Mosesמֹשֶׁה֒mō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study →, “Tellאֱמֹר֙’ĕ·mōr — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → Aaronאַהֲרֹ֔ן’a·hă·rōn — Exalted FatherH175 — Full Word Study →, ‘Stretch outנְטֵ֣הnə·ṭêh — to stretch out, extend, incline, bendH5186 — Full Word Study → your staffמַטְּךָ֔maṭ·ṭə·ḵā — Rod, staff, or tribeH4294 — Full Word Study → and strikeוְהַ֖ךְwə·haḵ — To strike, smite, or defeat with forceH5221 — Full Word Study → the dustעֲפַ֣ר‘ă·p̄ar — dust; fine particles of earth or ground matterH6083 — Full Word Study → of the earthהָאָ֑רֶץhā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →, that it may turn intoוְהָיָ֥הwə·hā·yāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → swarms of gnatsלְכִנִּ֖םlə·ḵin·nim — gnat; lice; manner or wayH3654 — Full Word Study → throughoutבְּכָל־bə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the landאֶ֥רֶץ’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃miṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →.’” 17This they didוַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־way·ya·‘ă·śū- — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study →, and when Aaronאַהֲרֹ֨ן’a·hă·rōn — Exalted FatherH175 — Full Word Study → stretched outוַיֵּט֩way·yêṭ — to stretch out, extend, incline, bendH5186 — Full Word Study → his handיָד֤וֹyā·ḏōw — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → with his staffבְמַטֵּ֙הוּ֙ḇə·maṭ·ṭê·hū — Rod, staff, or tribeH4294 — Full Word Study → and struckוַיַּךְ֙way·yaḵ — To strike, smite, or defeat with forceH5221 — Full Word Study → the dustעֲפַ֣ר‘ă·p̄ar — dust; fine particles of earth or ground matterH6083 — Full Word Study → of the earthהָאָ֔רֶץhā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →, gnatsהַכִּנָּ֔םhak·kin·nām — gnat; lice; manner or wayH3654 — Full Word Study → came uponוַתְּהִי֙wat·tə·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → manבָּאָדָ֖םbā·’ā·ḏām — Man, mankind, human beingH120 — Full Word Study → and beastוּבַבְּהֵמָ֑הū·ḇab·bə·hê·māh — Animal, beast, livestockH929 — Full Word Study →. Allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the dustעֲפַ֥ר‘ă·p̄ar — dust; fine particles of earth or ground matterH6083 — Full Word Study → of the earthהָאָ֛רֶץhā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → turned intoהָיָ֥הhā·yāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → gnatsכִנִּ֖יםḵin·nîm — gnat; lice; manner or wayH3654 — Full Word Study → throughoutבְּכָל־bə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the landאֶ֥רֶץ’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃miṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →. 18The magiciansהַחַרְטֻמִּ֧יםha·ḥar·ṭum·mîm — magician, sorcerer, wise manH2748 — Full Word Study → triedוַיַּעֲשׂוּ־way·ya·‘ă·śū- — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → to produceלְהוֹצִ֥יאlə·hō·w·ṣî — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → gnatsהַכִּנִּ֖יםhak·kin·nîm — gnat; lice; manner or wayH3654 — Full Word Study → using their magic artsבְּלָטֵיהֶ֛םbə·lā·ṭê·hem — secrecy, hidden action, concealmentH3909 — Full Word Study →, but they couldיָכֹ֑לוּyā·ḵō·lū — to be able, have power, endureH3201 — Full Word Study → notוְלֹ֣אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study →. And the gnatsהַכִּנָּ֔םhak·kin·nām — gnat; lice; manner or wayH3654 — Full Word Study → remainedוַתְּהִי֙wat·tə·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → on manבָּאָדָ֖םbā·’ā·ḏām — Man, mankind, human beingH120 — Full Word Study → and beastוּבַבְּהֵמָֽה׃ū·ḇab·bə·hê·māh — Animal, beast, livestockH929 — Full Word Study →. 19Thisהִ֑ואhî — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → is the fingerאֶצְבַּ֥ע’eṣ·ba‘ — Finger or toeH676 — Full Word Study → of Godאֱלֹהִ֖ים’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →,” the magiciansהַֽחַרְטֻמִּים֙ha·ḥar·ṭum·mîm — magician, sorcerer, wise manH2748 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּאמְר֤וּway·yō·mə·rū — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Pharaohפַּרְעֹ֔הpar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study →. But Pharaoh’sפַּרְעֹה֙par·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → heartלֵב־lêḇ- — Heart; the center of emotion, will, and intellectH3820 — Full Word Study → was hardenedוַיֶּחֱזַ֤קway·ye·ḥĕ·zaq — To strengthen, make firm, establishH2388 — Full Word Study →, and he would notוְלֹֽא־wə·lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → listenשָׁמַ֣עšā·ma‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → to themאֲלֵהֶ֔ם’ă·lê·hem — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study →, just asכַּאֲשֶׁ֖רka·’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָֽה׃סYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → had saidדִּבֶּ֥רdib·ber — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study →. 20Then the LORDיְהוָ֜הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Mosesמֹשֶׁ֗הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study →, “Get up earlyהַשְׁכֵּ֤םhaš·kêm — To rise early, get up in the morningH7925 — Full Word Study → in the morningבַּבֹּ֙קֶר֙bab·bō·qer — Morning; daybreak; the early part of the dayH1242 — Full Word Study →, and when Pharaohפַרְעֹ֔הp̄ar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → goes outיוֹצֵ֣אyō·w·ṣê — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → to the waterהַמָּ֑יְמָהham·mā·yə·māh — Water; liquid; fluidsH4325 — Full Word Study →, standוְהִתְיַצֵּב֙wə·hiṯ·yaṣ·ṣêḇ — To stand, take a stand, present oneselfH3320 — Full Word Study → before himלִפְנֵ֣יlip̄·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → and tell himוְאָמַרְתָּ֣wə·’ā·mar·tā — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → thatאֵלָ֗יו’ê·lāw — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → this is whatכֹּ֚הkōh — thus, so, in this mannerH3541 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֔הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → saysאָמַ֣ר’ā·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →: ‘Let My peopleעַמִּ֖י‘am·mî — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → goשַׁלַּ֥חšal·laḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study →, so that they may worship Meוְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃wə·ya·‘aḇ·ḏu·nî — to serve, labor, workH5647 — Full Word Study →. 21Butכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → you will notאֵינְךָ֮’ê·nə·ḵā — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study → let My peopleעַמִּי֒‘am·mî — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → goמְשַׁלֵּ֣חַmə·šal·lê·aḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study →, I will sendמַשְׁלִ֨יחַmaš·lî·aḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → swarms of flies upon you and your officialsוּבַעֲבָדֶ֧יךָū·ḇa·‘ă·ḇā·ḏe·ḵā — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → and your peopleוּֽבְעַמְּךָ֛ū·ḇə·‘am·mə·ḵā — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → and your housesוּבְבָתֶּ֖יךָū·ḇə·ḇāt·te·ḵā — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study →. The housesבָּתֵּ֤יbāt·tê — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study → of the Egyptiansמִצְרַ֙יִם֙miṣ·ra·yim — Egyptian personH4713 — Full Word Study → and evenוְגַ֥םwə·ḡam — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → the groundהָאֲדָמָ֖הhā·’ă·ḏā·māh — Land, soil, ground, earthH127 — Full Word Study → where they stand will be fullוּמָ֨לְא֜וּū·mā·lə·’ū — to fill, fulfill, completeH4390 — Full Word Study → of fliesהֶ֣עָרֹ֔בhe·‘ā·rōḇ — swarm of insects, plague of fliesH6157 — Full Word Study →. 22But on thatהַה֜וּאha·hū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → dayבַיּ֨וֹםḇay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → I will give special treatmentוְהִפְלֵיתִי֩wə·hip̄·lê·ṯî — to distinguish, set apart, make separateH6395 — Full Word Study → to the landאֶ֣רֶץ’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Goshenגֹּ֗שֶׁןgō·šen — Land of EgyptH1657 — Full Word Study →, whereאֲשֶׁ֤ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → My peopleעַמִּי֙‘am·mî — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → liveעֹמֵ֣ד‘ō·mêḏ — to stand, take a stand, be establishedH5975 — Full Word Study →; noלְבִלְתִּ֥יlə·ḇil·tî — without, except, lest, or nothing butH1115 — Full Word Study → swarms of flies will be found thereשָׁ֖םšām — There, in that placeH8033 — Full Word Study →. In this wayלְמַ֣עַןlə·ma·‘an — because of, for the sake of, in order thatH4616 — Full Word Study → you will knowתֵּדַ֔עtê·ḏa‘ — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → thatכִּ֛יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → Iאֲנִ֥י’ă·nî — I, me, myself (first person singular pronoun)H589 — Full Word Study →, the LORDיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →, am inבְּקֶ֥רֶבbə·qe·reḇ — midst, inner part, heart, inward beingH7130 — Full Word Study → the landהָאָֽרֶץ׃hā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →. 23I will makeוְשַׂמְתִּ֣יwə·śam·tî — to put, place, set, appointH7760 — Full Word Study → a distinctionפְדֻ֔תp̄ə·ḏuṯ — Redemption; deliverance; ransom paymentH6304 — Full Word Study → betweenבֵּ֥יןbên — between, among, in the midst ofH996 — Full Word Study → My peopleעַמִּ֖י‘am·mî — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → and your peopleעַמֶּ֑ךָ‘am·me·ḵā — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →. Thisהַזֶּֽה׃haz·zeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study → signהָאֹ֥תhā·’ōṯ — A sign or miraculous wonder that authenticates God's powerH226 — Full Word Study → will take placeיִהְיֶ֖הyih·yeh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → tomorrowלְמָחָ֥רlə·mā·ḥār — tomorrow, the next dayH4279 — Full Word Study →.’” 24And the LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → didוַיַּ֤עַשׂway·ya·‘aś — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → soכֵּ֔ןkên — so, thus, rightly, thereforeH3651 — Full Word Study →. Thickכָּבֵ֔דkā·ḇêḏ — Heavy; weighty; burdensome; grievousH3515 — Full Word Study → swarms of flies pouredוַיָּבֹא֙way·yā·ḇō — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → into Pharaoh’sפַרְעֹ֖הp̄ar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → palaceבֵּ֥יתָהbê·ṯāh — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study → and into the housesוּבֵ֣יתū·ḇêṯ — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study → of his officialsעֲבָדָ֑יו‘ă·ḇā·ḏāw — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study →. Throughoutוּבְכָל־ū·ḇə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → Egyptמִצְרַ֛יִםmiṣ·ra·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study → the landאֶ֧רֶץ’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → was ruinedתִּשָּׁחֵ֥תtiš·šā·ḥêṯ — to destroy, ruin, or corruptH7843 — Full Word Study → byמִפְּנֵ֥יmip·pə·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → swarms of flies. 25Then Pharaohפַרְעֹ֔הp̄ar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → summonedוַיִּקְרָ֣אway·yiq·rā — To call, summon, or proclaimH7121 — Full Word Study → Mosesמֹשֶׁ֖הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → and Aaronוּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֑ןū·lə·’a·hă·rōn — Exalted FatherH175 — Full Word Study → and saidוַיֹּ֗אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Goלְכ֛וּlə·ḵū — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study →, sacrificeזִבְח֥וּziḇ·ḥū — to slaughter an animal as a sacrifice or offeringH2076 — Full Word Study → to your Godלֵֽאלֹהֵיכֶ֖םlê·lō·hê·ḵem — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → within this landבָּאָֽרֶץ׃bā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →.” 26But Mosesמֹשֶׁ֗הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → repliedוַיֹּ֣אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “It would notלֹ֤אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → be rightנָכוֹן֙nā·ḵō·wn — to establish, prepare, or make firmH3559 — Full Word Study → to doלַעֲשׂ֣וֹתla·‘ă·śō·wṯ — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → thatכֵּ֔ןkên — so, thus, rightly, thereforeH3651 — Full Word Study →, becauseכִּ֚יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the sacrifices we offerנִזְבַּ֖חniz·baḥ — to slaughter an animal as a sacrifice or offeringH2076 — Full Word Study → to the LORDלַיהוָ֣הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → our Godאֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ’ĕ·lō·hê·nū — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → would be detestableתּוֹעֲבַ֣תtō·w·‘ă·ḇaṯ — Abomination; something detestable or loathsomeH8441 — Full Word Study → to the Egyptiansמִצְרַ֔יִםmiṣ·ra·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →. Ifהֵ֣ןhên — Look! Behold! — an attention-directing particleH2005 — Full Word Study → we offer sacrificesנִזְבַּ֞חniz·baḥ — to slaughter an animal as a sacrifice or offeringH2076 — Full Word Study → that areאֶת־’eṯ- — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → detestableתּוֹעֲבַ֥תtō·w·‘ă·ḇaṯ — Abomination; something detestable or loathsomeH8441 — Full Word Study → beforeלְעֵינֵיהֶ֖םlə·‘ê·nê·hem — Eye; sight; appearance; fountainH5869 — Full Word Study → the Egyptiansמִצְרַ֛יִםmiṣ·ra·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →, will they notוְלֹ֥אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → stone usיִסְקְלֻֽנוּ׃yis·qə·lu·nū — to stone; to throw stonesH5619 — Full Word Study →? 27We must makeנֵלֵ֖ךְnê·lêḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → a three-dayשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁתšə·lō·šeṯ — The number three; a group of three thingsH7969 — Full Word Study → journeyדֶּ֚רֶךְde·reḵ — way, path, journey, conductH1870 — Full Word Study → into the wildernessבַּמִּדְבָּ֑רbam·miḏ·bār — Desert; wilderness; pasture; speechH4057 — Full Word Study → and sacrificeוְזָבַ֙חְנוּ֙wə·zā·ḇaḥ·nū — to slaughter an animal as a sacrifice or offeringH2076 — Full Word Study → to the LORDלַֽיהוָ֣הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → our Godאֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ’ĕ·lō·hê·nū — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → asכַּאֲשֶׁ֖רka·’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → He commands usיֹאמַ֥רyō·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →.” 28Pharaohפַּרְעֹ֗הpar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → answeredוַיֹּ֣אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Iאָנֹכִ֞י’ā·nō·ḵî — I, myself (first-person singular pronoun)H595 — Full Word Study → will let you goאֲשַׁלַּ֤ח’ă·šal·laḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → and sacrificeוּזְבַחְתֶּ֞םū·zə·ḇaḥ·tem — to slaughter an animal as a sacrifice or offeringH2076 — Full Word Study → to the LORDלַיהוָ֤הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → your Godאֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙’ĕ·lō·hê·ḵem — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → in the wildernessבַּמִּדְבָּ֔רbam·miḏ·bār — Desert; wilderness; pasture; speechH4057 — Full Word Study →, butרַ֛קraq — only, merely, nothing butH7535 — Full Word Study → you must notלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → goלָלֶ֑כֶתlā·le·ḵeṯ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → very farהַרְחֵ֥קhar·ḥêq — to be far, remove, distance oneselfH7368 — Full Word Study →. Now prayהַעְתִּ֖ירוּha‘·tî·rū — To entreat, plead, or pray earnestlyH6279 — Full Word Study → for meבַּעֲדִֽי׃ba·‘ă·ḏî — through, by means of, on behalf ofH1157 — Full Word Study →.” 29As soon as Iאָנֹכִ֜י’ā·nō·ḵî — I, myself (first-person singular pronoun)H595 — Full Word Study → leave youיוֹצֵ֤אyō·w·ṣê — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study →,” Mosesמֹשֶׁ֗הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “I will prayוְהַעְתַּרְתִּ֣יwə·ha‘·tar·tî — To entreat, plead, or pray earnestlyH6279 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֔הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →, so that tomorrowמָחָ֑רmā·ḥār — tomorrow, the next dayH4279 — Full Word Study → the swarms of flies will departוְסָ֣רwə·sār — to turn aside, depart, removeH5493 — Full Word Study → from Pharaohמִפַּרְעֹ֛הmip·par·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → and his officialsמֵעֲבָדָ֥יוmê·‘ă·ḇā·ḏāw — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → and his peopleוּמֵעַמּ֖וֹū·mê·‘am·mōw — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →. Butרַ֗קraq — only, merely, nothing butH7535 — Full Word Study → Pharaohפַּרְעֹה֙par·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → must notאַל־’al- — do not; negative imperative particleH408 — Full Word Study → act deceitfullyהָתֵ֔לhā·ṯêl — To mock, deceive, or deal treacherouslyH2048 — Full Word Study → againיֹסֵ֤ףyō·sêp̄ — to add, increase, or do againH3254 — Full Word Study → by refusingלְבִלְתִּי֙lə·ḇil·tî — without, except, lest, or nothing butH1115 — Full Word Study → to let the peopleהָעָ֔םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → goשַׁלַּ֣חšal·laḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → and sacrificeלִזְבֹּ֖חַliz·bō·aḥ — to slaughter an animal as a sacrifice or offeringH2076 — Full Word Study → to the LORDלַֽיהוָֽה׃Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →.” 30Then Mosesמֹשֶׁ֖הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → leftוַיֵּצֵ֥אway·yê·ṣê — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → Pharaohפַּרְעֹ֑הpar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → and prayedוַיֶּעְתַּ֖רway·ye‘·tar — To entreat, plead, or pray earnestlyH6279 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָֽה׃Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →, 31and the LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → didוַיַּ֤עַשׂway·ya·‘aś — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → as Mosesמֹשֶׁ֔הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → requestedכִּדְבַ֣רkiḏ·ḇar — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study →. He removedוַיָּ֙סַר֙way·yā·sar — to turn aside, depart, removeH5493 — Full Word Study → the swarms of flies from Pharaohמִפַּרְעֹ֖הmip·par·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → and his officialsמֵעֲבָדָ֣יוmê·‘ă·ḇā·ḏāw — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → and his peopleוּמֵעַמּ֑וֹū·mê·‘am·mōw — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →; notלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → one fly remainedנִשְׁאַ֖רniš·’ar — To remain, be left over, surviveH7604 — Full Word Study →. 32But Pharaohפַּרְעֹה֙par·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → hardenedוַיַּכְבֵּ֤דway·yaḵ·bêḏ — to honor, glorify, or make heavy/weightyH3513 — Full Word Study → his heartלִבּ֔וֹlib·bōw — Heart; the center of emotion, will, and intellectH3820 — Full Word Study → thisהַזֹּ֑אתhaz·zōṯ — This, that; demonstrative pronounH2063 — Full Word Study → timeבַּפַּ֣עַםbap·pa·‘am — time, occasion, or instance of occurrenceH6471 — Full Word Study → as wellגַּ֖םgam — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study →, and he would notוְלֹ֥אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → let the peopleהָעָֽם׃פhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → goשִׁלַּ֖חšil·laḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study →.
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Chapter Commentary — Exodus 8
Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview

Exodus 8 narrates the second, third, and fourth plagues—frogs, lice, and flies—each demonstrating God's power and His patience with Pharaoh's stubborn refusal to release Israel. Throughout these plagues, we witness a pattern: God's command through Moses, the plague's execution, Pharaoh's temporary repentance, his subsequent hardening of heart, and God's continued deliverance. This chapter reveals both the sovereignty of God over creation and the tragic reality of human rebellion; it also shows Moses functioning as a faithful intermediary, interceding for relief even as judgment falls.

Verses 1–5: The Warning and the Second Plague Begins

The Lord instructs Moses to confront Pharaoh with the same demand: "Let my people go, that they may serve me" (v. 1). The purpose of Israel's liberation is always spiritual—to worship and serve the Lord. When Pharaoh refuses, God threatens to cover the land with frogs (vv. 2–4). The specificity of the plague—frogs in houses, bedrooms, ovens, and kneading troughs—shows that no area of Egyptian life will escape God's judgment. Notice that Aaron is instructed to stretch his rod over the waters (v. 5), continuing the pattern established in chapter 7. God uses created things (the waters) to bring judgment, reminding us that all creation obeys its Maker.

Verses 6–12: Pharaoh's Initial Repentance and Moses' Intercession

Aaron obeys, and frogs cover the land (v. 6). Remarkably, Pharaoh's magicians replicate the plague through their enchantments (v. 7), deepening Egypt's misery—they can imitate God's works but cannot undo them. This plague brings Pharaoh to seek mercy. He asks Moses and Aaron to intercede with the Lord (v. 8), even promising to let Israel go. Moses gives Pharaoh the honor of choosing when the frogs will depart (v. 9)—a gracious gesture that allows Pharaoh to see God's power demonstrated at his own appointed time. Pharaoh chooses "to morrow" (v. 10). Moses agrees, adding a powerful statement: "that thou mayest know that there is none like unto the LORD our God" (v. 10). This reveals God's ultimate purpose—not merely judgment, but the revelation of His uniqueness and power. Moses and Aaron intercede (v. 12), and the Lord performs the miracle exactly as promised (vv. 13–14). Yet verse 15 delivers the tragic note: when relief comes, Pharaoh hardens his heart and refuses to let Israel go.

Verses 16–19: The Third Plague—Lice

Without warning this time, God commands Aaron to strike the dust, turning it into lice covering man and beast (vv. 16–17). Here, the Egyptian magicians reach their limit—they cannot reproduce the plague (v. 18). Their confession is significant: "This is the finger of God" (v. 19). Even Egypt's occultists recognize divine power at work. Yet Pharaoh's heart remains hardened (v. 19), demonstrating that seeing miracles does not automatically produce faith or obedience.

Verses 20–32: The Fourth Plague—Flies and Another Broken Promise

God commands Moses to meet Pharaoh at the water in the morning (v. 20) and warns of swarms of flies. Notably, God promises to separate the land of Goshen (v. 22), where Israel dwells, protecting His people. This distinction—judgment falling on Egypt but not on God's covenant people—foreshadows New Testament truth about believers' deliverance. The flies come as promised (v. 24), and Pharaoh again capitulates, offering a compromise: worship in the land (v. 25). Moses wisely refuses, explaining that Egyptian religious practices conflict with Israel's worship (v. 26). He insists on a three-day journey into the wilderness (v. 27). Pharaoh reluctantly agrees, asking for intercession (v. 28). Moses prays, warning Pharaoh not to deal deceitfully again (v. 29). The Lord removes the flies (vv. 30–31), but immediately Pharaoh hardens his heart once more (v. 32).

Application for Today

Exodus 8 teaches us that God's judgments are real, His patience is exhaustible, and His purposes cannot be thwarted by human rebellion. Like Pharaoh, we may experience God's conviction and mercy, yet harden our hearts through repeated disobedience. The chapter calls us to respond to God's word the first time, not to presume upon His patience. Finally, the separation of Goshen reminds us that those in covenant with God through Christ receive protection and blessing—a profound encouragement for the believer.

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