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Exodus 11

BSB·10 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1Then the LORDיְהוָ֜הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Mosesמֹשֶׁ֗הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study →, “I will bringאָבִ֤יא’ā·ḇî — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → uponעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → Pharaohפַּרְעֹה֙par·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → andוְעַל־wə·‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → Egyptמִצְרַ֔יִםmiṣ·ra·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study → oneאֶחָד֙’e·ḥāḏ — One; unity; single; firstH259 — Full Word Study → moreע֣וֹד‘ō·wḏ — still, yet, again, continuing or additional occurrenceH5750 — Full Word Study → plagueנֶ֤גַעne·ḡa‘ — Plague, affliction, or stroke of judgmentH5061 — Full Word Study →. Afterאַֽחֲרֵי־’a·ḥă·rê- — after, behind, followingH310 — Full Word Study → thatכֵ֕ןḵên — so, thus, rightly, thereforeH3651 — Full Word Study →, he will allow you to leaveיְשַׁלַּ֥חyə·šal·laḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → this placeמִזֶּ֑הmiz·zeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study →. And when he lets you goכְּשַׁ֨לְּח֔וֹkə·šal·lə·ḥōw — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study →, he will drive you outגָּרֵ֛שׁgā·rêš — to drive out, expel, thrust awayH1644 — Full Word Study → completelyכָּלָ֕הkā·lāh — Complete destruction; utter consumption; endH3617 — Full Word Study →. 2Nowנָ֖אnā — Please, I beseech, I prayH4994 — Full Word Study → announceדַּבֶּר־dab·ber- — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → to the peopleהָעָ֑םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → that menאִ֣ישׁ׀’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → and women alikeוְאִשָּׁה֙wə·’iš·šāh — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study → should askוְיִשְׁאֲל֞וּwə·yiš·’ă·lū — to ask, request, inquire, or demandH7592 — Full Word Study → their neighborsרְעוּתָ֔הּrə·‘ū·ṯāh — Companion, neighbor, or associate in relationshipH7468 — Full Word Study → for articlesכְּלֵי־kə·lê- — vessel, instrument, or article of useH3627 — Full Word Study → of silverכֶ֖סֶףḵe·sep̄ — Silver; money; price; valueH3701 — Full Word Study → and goldזָהָֽב׃zā·hāḇ — Gold; precious metal; wealth and valueH2091 — Full Word Study →.” 3And the LORDיְהוָ֛הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → gaveוַיִּתֵּ֧ןway·yit·tên — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָ֖םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → favorחֵ֥ןḥên — Favor, grace, or kindness shown to someoneH2580 — Full Word Study → in the sightבְּעֵינֵ֣יbə·‘ê·nê — Eye; sight; appearance; fountainH5869 — Full Word Study → of the Egyptiansמִצְרָ֑יִםmiṣ·rā·yim — Egyptian personH4713 — Full Word Study →. Moreoverגַּ֣ם׀gam — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study →, Mosesמֹשֶׁ֗הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → himselfהָאִ֣ישׁhā·’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → was highlyמְאֹד֙mə·’ōḏ — Much, greatly, very, exceedinglyH3966 — Full Word Study → regardedגָּד֤וֹלgā·ḏō·wl — Great, mighty, large in size or significanceH1419 — Full Word Study → in Egyptמִצְרַ֔יִםmiṣ·ra·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study → byבְּעֵינֵ֥יbə·‘ê·nê — Eye; sight; appearance; fountainH5869 — Full Word Study → Pharaoh’sפַרְעֹ֖הp̄ar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → officialsעַבְדֵֽי־‘aḇ·ḏê- — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → and by the peopleהָעָֽם׃סhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →. 4So Mosesמֹשֶׁ֔הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → declaredוַיֹּ֣אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “This is whatכֹּ֖הkōh — thus, so, in this mannerH3541 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֑הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → saysאָמַ֣ר’ā·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →: ‘About midnightכַּחֲצֹ֣תka·ḥă·ṣōṯ — middle, midst, midnightH2676 — Full Word Study → Iאֲנִ֥י’ă·nî — I, me, myself (first person singular pronoun)H589 — Full Word Study → will goיוֹצֵ֖אyō·w·ṣê — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → throughoutבְּת֥וֹךְbə·ṯō·wḵ — midst, among, between, throughH8432 — Full Word Study → Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃miṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →, 5and everyכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → firstborn sonבְּכוֹר֮bə·ḵō·wr — firstborn son; first offspring; heirH1060 — Full Word Study → in the landבְּאֶ֣רֶץbə·’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִצְרַיִם֒miṣ·ra·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study → will dieוּמֵ֣תū·mêṯ — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study →, from the firstbornמִבְּכ֤וֹרmib·bə·ḵō·wr — firstborn son; first offspring; heirH1060 — Full Word Study → of Pharaohפַּרְעֹה֙par·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → who sitsהַיֹּשֵׁ֣בhay·yō·šêḇ — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → onעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → his throneכִּסְא֔וֹkis·’ōw — Throne; seat of authority and rulershipH3678 — Full Word Study →, toעַ֚ד‘aḏ — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → the firstbornבְּכ֣וֹרbə·ḵō·wr — firstborn son; first offspring; heirH1060 — Full Word Study → of the servant girlהַשִּׁפְחָ֔הhaš·šip̄·ḥāh — Female servant or maidservant of lower statusH8198 — Full Word Study → behindאַחַ֣ר’a·ḥar — after, behind, followingH310 — Full Word Study → the hand millהָרֵחָ֑יִםhā·rê·ḥā·yim — millstone; grinding stoneH7347 — Full Word Study →, as well as the firstbornבְּכ֥וֹרbə·ḵō·wr — firstborn son; first offspring; heirH1060 — Full Word Study → of allוְכֹ֖לwə·ḵōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the cattleבְּהֵמָֽה׃bə·hê·māh — Animal, beast, livestockH929 — Full Word Study →. 6Then a greatגְדֹלָ֖הḡə·ḏō·lāh — Great, mighty, large in size or significanceH1419 — Full Word Study → cryצְעָקָ֥הṣə·‘ā·qāh — A cry or outcry; a call for helpH6818 — Full Word Study → will go outוְהָֽיְתָ֛הwə·hā·yə·ṯāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → over allבְּכָל־bə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the landאֶ֣רֶץ’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִצְרָ֑יִםmiṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →. Suchאֲשֶׁ֤ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → an outcry has neverלֹ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → been heard beforeנִהְיָ֔תָהnih·yā·ṯāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → and will neverלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → be heard againתֹסִֽף׃ṯō·sip̄ — to add, increase, or do againH3254 — Full Word Study →. 7But among allוּלְכֹ֣ל׀ū·lə·ḵōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the Israelitesבְּנֵ֣יbə·nê — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study →, notלֹ֤אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → even a dogכֶּ֙לֶב֙ke·leḇ — Dog; unclean animal used as insult or metaphorH3611 — Full Word Study → will snarlיֶֽחֱרַץ־ye·ḥĕ·raṣ- — to decide, determine, decree with urgencyH2782 — Full Word Study → at manלְמֵאִ֖ישׁlə·mê·’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → or beastבְּהֵמָ֑הbə·hê·māh — Animal, beast, livestockH929 — Full Word Study →.’ Thenלְמַ֙עַן֙lə·ma·‘an — because of, for the sake of, in order thatH4616 — Full Word Study → you will knowתֵּֽדְע֔וּןtê·ḏə·‘ūn — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁר֙’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֔הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → makes a distinctionיַפְלֶ֣הyap̄·leh — to distinguish, set apart, make separateH6395 — Full Word Study → betweenבֵּ֥יןbên — between, among, in the midst ofH996 — Full Word Study → Egyptמִצְרַ֖יִםmiṣ·ra·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study → and Israelיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃yiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study →. 8And allכָל־ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → theseאֵ֨לֶּה’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → officialsעֲבָדֶיךָ֩‘ă·ḇā·ḏe·ḵā — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → of yours will comeוְיָרְד֣וּwə·yā·rə·ḏū — To descend, go down, come downH3381 — Full Word Study → and bowוְהִשְׁתַּֽחֲוּוּ־wə·hiš·ta·ḥăw·wū- — To bow down; to worship or show reverenceH7812 — Full Word Study → before me, sayingלֵאמֹ֗רlê·mōr — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, ‘Goצֵ֤אṣê — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study →, youאַתָּה֙’at·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → and allוְכָל־wə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָ֣םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → whoאֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer- — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → follow youבְּרַגְלֶ֔יךָbə·raḡ·le·ḵā — Foot; by extension, journey, way, or standingH7272 — Full Word Study →!’ Afterוְאַחֲרֵי־wə·’a·ḥă·rê- — after, behind, followingH310 — Full Word Study → thatכֵ֖ןḵên — so, thus, rightly, thereforeH3651 — Full Word Study →, I will departאֵצֵ֑א’ê·ṣê — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study →.” And hotבָּחֳרִי־bā·ḥo·rî- — Burning anger, fierce wrath, heat of passionH2750 — Full Word Study → with angerאָֽף׃ס’āp̄ — Anger, wrath, face, or noseH639 — Full Word Study →, Moses left Pharaoh’sפַּרְעֹ֖הpar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → presenceמֵֽעִם־mê·‘im- — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study →. 9The LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Mosesמֹשֶׁ֔הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study →, “Pharaohפַּרְעֹ֑הpar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → will notלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → listenיִשְׁמַ֥עyiš·ma‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → to youאֲלֵיכֶ֖ם’ă·lê·ḵem — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study →, so thatלְמַ֛עַןlə·ma·‘an — because of, for the sake of, in order thatH4616 — Full Word Study → My wondersמוֹפְתַ֖יmō·wp̄·ṯay — A miraculous sign or wonder performed by GodH4159 — Full Word Study → may be multipliedרְב֥וֹתrə·ḇō·wṯ — To increase, multiply, grow abundantH7235 — Full Word Study → in the landבְּאֶ֥רֶץbə·’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃miṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →.” 10Mosesוּמֹשֶׁ֣הū·mō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → and Aaronוְאַהֲרֹ֗ןwə·’a·hă·rōn — Exalted FatherH175 — Full Word Study → didעָשׂ֛וּ‘ā·śū — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → theseהָאֵ֖לֶּהhā·’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → wondersהַמֹּפְתִ֥יםham·mō·p̄ə·ṯîm — A miraculous sign or wonder performed by GodH4159 — Full Word Study → beforeלִפְנֵ֣יlip̄·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → Pharaohפַרְעֹ֑הp̄ar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study →, but the LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → hardenedוַיְחַזֵּ֤קway·ḥaz·zêq — To strengthen, make firm, establishH2388 — Full Word Study → Pharaoh’sפַּרְעֹ֔הpar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → heartלֵ֣בlêḇ — Heart; the center of emotion, will, and intellectH3820 — Full Word Study → so that he would notוְלֹֽא־wə·lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → let the Israelitesבְּנֵֽי־bə·nê- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → go outשִׁלַּ֥חšil·laḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → of his landמֵאַרְצֽוֹ׃פmê·’ar·ṣōw — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →.
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Chapter Commentary — Exodus 11
Chapter Overview

Overview of Exodus 11

Exodus 11 stands as a pivotal moment in the deliverance story, announcing the final and most devastating plague—the death of the firstborn throughout Egypt. The LORD assures Moses that this plague will finally break Pharaoh's resistance and compel him to release Israel completely. Before the plague strikes, Moses instructs the people to request valuables from their Egyptian neighbors, whom God has sovereignly inclined to favor the Israelites. This chapter emphasizes God's absolute power over death itself and His perfect discrimination between the righteous and the wicked, setting the stage for the Passover that follows in chapter 12.

Verses 1–3: God's Promise and the People's Favor

The LORD begins by announcing one final plague and assuring Moses of its outcome: Pharaoh will not merely permit Israel to leave, but will thrust them out entirely (verse 1). This sovereign declaration removes all doubt—deliverance is certain and complete. God then commands Moses to instruct the people to request silver and gold jewelry from their Egyptian neighbors (verse 2). This is not theft but a legitimate borrowing that Israel would never repay, foreshadowing their spoiling of Egypt as recompense for years of slavery (cf. Genesis 15:14). Remarkably, verse 3 reveals that the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians. Despite the plagues and hardship Pharaoh has caused, ordinary Egyptian families view the Israelites with sympathy and generosity. Additionally, Moses himself has become exceedingly great in Egyptian eyes—respected even by Pharaoh's own servants. This demonstrates that God controls the hearts of nations and prepares the way for His purposes.

Verses 4–7: The Tenth Plague Announced

Moses now declares the nature of the final plague with solemn authority: About midnight the LORD will pass through Egypt, and every firstborn—from Pharaoh's son on the throne to the servant girl at the mill, and even the livestock—will die (verses 4–5). The judgment is comprehensive and makes no distinction by social rank. Verse 6 prophesies that a cry of anguish will rise throughout the land unlike anything before or after. Yet verse 7 contains the crucial promise of divine protection: against any of the children of Israel shall not a dog move his tongue. Not even a dog will bark at an Israelite home. This vivid language emphasizes God's protective barrier around His people and declares His determination to put a difference between the Egyptians and Israel. The plague is not random calamity but God's righteous judgment on the oppressor and His deliverance of the oppressed.

Verses 8–10: Pharaoh's Hardened Heart and God's Purpose

Verse 8 shows Moses' prophetic word: Pharaoh's servants will come bowing before him, urgently demanding his departure with all his people. Yet Moses departs in great anger—righteous indignation at Pharaoh's rebellion. Verses 9–10 reveal the theological tension at the heart of the Exodus narrative: the LORD explicitly states that Pharaoh shall not hearken, and that God Himself hardened Pharaoh's heart. This is not arbitrary cruelty but purposeful: that my wonders may be multiplied. God's judgment displays His power and justice to all nations. Pharaoh's stubbornness, permitted and even ordained by God, becomes the occasion for ever-greater displays of divine glory.

Application for Today

This chapter assures us that God's promises of deliverance are certain and His timing is perfect. When facing spiritual oppression or seemingly endless trials, we may trust that the Lord will ultimately triumph and vindicate His people. Moreover, God's favor toward His own is not earned but sovereignly given, and His protection is absolute. Finally, we are reminded that resisting God's will only multiplies His judgments and deepens our own ruin. Wisdom calls us to yield to Him rather than harden our hearts as Pharaoh did.

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