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BSB
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Exodus 23

BSB·33 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1You shall notלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → spreadתִשָּׂ֖אṯiś·śā — To lift up, raise, or bear; to carry or supportH5375 — Full Word Study → a falseשָׁ֑וְאšāw — falsehood, deception, emptinessH7723 — Full Word Study → reportשֵׁ֣מַעšê·ma‘ — A sound, report, or rumor; what is heardH8088 — Full Word Study →. Do notאַל־’al- — do not; negative imperative particleH408 — Full Word Study → joinתָּ֤שֶׁתtā·šeṯ — to set, place, or appointH7896 — Full Word Study → the wickedרָשָׁ֔עrā·šā‘ — wicked, guilty, morally corruptH7563 — Full Word Study → by beingלִהְיֹ֖תlih·yōṯ — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → a maliciousחָמָֽס׃סḥā·mās — Violence, cruelty, or wrongful harmH2555 — Full Word Study → witnessעֵ֥ד‘êḏ — A person who testifies or bears witnessH5707 — Full Word Study →. 2You shall notלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → followתִהְיֶ֥הṯih·yeh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → the crowdרַבִּ֖יםrab·bîm — great, many, abundant, mightyH7227 — Full Word Study → in wrongdoingלְרָעֹ֑תlə·rā·‘ōṯ — evil, bad, harm, disasterH7451 — Full Word Study →. When you testifyתַעֲנֶ֣הṯa·‘ă·neh — To answer, respond, or testifyH6030 — Full Word Study → inעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → a lawsuitרִ֗בriḇ — Strife, contention, legal disputeH7379 — Full Word Study →, do notוְלֹא־wə·lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → pervert justiceלְהַטֹּֽת׃lə·haṭ·ṭōṯ — to stretch out, extend, incline, bendH5186 — Full Word Study → by sidingלִנְטֹ֛תlin·ṭōṯ — to stretch out, extend, incline, bendH5186 — Full Word Study → withאַחֲרֵ֥י’a·ḥă·rê — after, behind, followingH310 — Full Word Study → the crowdרַבִּ֖יםrab·bîm — great, many, abundant, mightyH7227 — Full Word Study →. 3And do notלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → show favoritismתֶהְדַּ֖רṯeh·dar — to honor, glorify, or show respectH1921 — Full Word Study → to a poor manוְדָ֕לwə·ḏāl — poor, needy, weakH1800 — Full Word Study → in his lawsuitבְּרִיבֽוֹ׃סbə·rî·ḇōw — Strife, contention, legal disputeH7379 — Full Word Study →. 4Ifכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → you encounterתִפְגַּ֞עṯip̄·ga‘ — to meet, encounter, or intercedeH6293 — Full Word Study → your enemy’sאֹֽיִבְךָ֛’ō·yiḇ·ḵā — Enemy; adversary; one who opposesH341 — Full Word Study → strayתֹּעֶ֑הtō·‘eh — to stray, wander, or go astrayH8582 — Full Word Study → oxשׁ֧וֹרšō·wr — Ox, bull, or cattleH7794 — Full Word Study → orא֥וֹ’ōw — or, whether; also expressing desire or preferenceH176 — Full Word Study → donkeyחֲמֹר֖וֹḥă·mō·rōw — donkey; beast of burdenH2543 — Full Word Study →, you must return itהָשֵׁ֥בhā·šêḇ — to turn back, return, restoreH7725 — Full Word Study → to him. 5Ifכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → you seeתִרְאֶ֞הṯir·’eh — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → the donkeyחֲמ֣וֹרḥă·mō·wr — donkey; beast of burdenH2543 — Full Word Study → of one who hates youשֹׂנַאֲךָ֗śō·na·’ă·ḵā — to hate, despise, regard with hostilityH8130 — Full Word Study → fallenרֹבֵץ֙rō·ḇêṣ — to lie down, crouch, reclineH7257 — Full Word Study → underתַּ֣חַתta·ḥaṯ — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study → its loadמַשָּׂא֔וֹmaś·śā·’ōw — burden; a load or weight; an oracle or utteranceH4853 — Full Word Study →, do notוְחָדַלְתָּ֖wə·ḥā·ḏal·tā — to cease, stop, or desist from an actionH2308 — Full Word Study → leaveמֵעֲזֹ֣בmê·‘ă·zōḇ — to abandon, forsake, or leave behindH5800 — Full Word Study → it there; you must help himעָזֹ֥ב‘ā·zōḇ — to abandon, forsake, or leave behindH5800 — Full Word Study → with itעִמּֽוֹ׃ס‘im·mōw — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study →. 6You shall notלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → denyתַטֶּ֛הṯaṭ·ṭeh — to stretch out, extend, incline, bendH5186 — Full Word Study → justiceמִשְׁפַּ֥טmiš·paṭ — Justice, judgment, or legal decisionH4941 — Full Word Study → to the poorאֶבְיֹנְךָ֖’eḇ·yō·nə·ḵā — Poor person in dire needH34 — Full Word Study → in their lawsuitsבְּרִיבֽוֹ׃bə·rî·ḇōw — Strife, contention, legal disputeH7379 — Full Word Study →. 7Stay far awayתִּרְחָ֑קtir·ḥāq — to be far, remove, distance oneselfH7368 — Full Word Study → from a falseשֶׁ֖קֶרše·qer — Deception, falsehood, lieH8267 — Full Word Study → accusationמִדְּבַר־mid·də·ḇar- — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study →. Do notאַֽל־’al- — do not; negative imperative particleH408 — Full Word Study → killתַּהֲרֹ֔גta·hă·rōḡ — To kill, slay, or murderH2026 — Full Word Study → the innocentוְנָקִ֤יwə·nā·qî — Innocent, blameless, free from guiltH5355 — Full Word Study → or the justוְצַדִּיק֙wə·ṣad·dîq — Righteous, just person; one who is right with GodH6662 — Full Word Study →, forכִּ֥יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → I will notלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → acquitאַצְדִּ֖יק’aṣ·dîq — To be righteous, justify, vindicateH6663 — Full Word Study → the guiltyרָשָֽׁע׃rā·šā‘ — wicked, guilty, morally corruptH7563 — Full Word Study →. 8Do notלֹ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → acceptתִקָּ֑חṯiq·qāḥ — to take, seize, or receiveH3947 — Full Word Study → a bribeוְשֹׁ֖חַדwə·šō·ḥaḏ — A bribe; a gift given to corrupt or influenceH7810 — Full Word Study →, forכִּ֤יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → a bribeהַשֹּׁ֙חַד֙haš·šō·ḥaḏ — A bribe; a gift given to corrupt or influenceH7810 — Full Word Study → blindsיְעַוֵּ֣רyə·‘aw·wêr — to blind; to obscure vision or understandingH5786 — Full Word Study → those who seeפִּקְחִ֔יםpiq·ḥîm — opening of eyes; sight, vision; seeing clearlyH6493 — Full Word Study → and twistsוִֽיסַלֵּ֖ףwî·sal·lêp̄ — to overthrow, pervert, or turn asideH5557 — Full Word Study → the wordsדִּבְרֵ֥יdiḇ·rê — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → of the righteousצַדִּיקִֽים׃ṣad·dî·qîm — Righteous, just person; one who is right with GodH6662 — Full Word Study →. 9Do notלֹ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → oppressתִלְחָ֑ץṯil·ḥāṣ — to press, oppress, or crush with forceH3905 — Full Word Study → a foreign residentוְגֵ֖רwə·ḡêr — Resident alien; temporary inhabitant without full citizenship rightsH1616 — Full Word Study →, since youוְאַתֶּ֗םwə·’at·tem — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → yourselves knowיְדַעְתֶּם֙yə·ḏa‘·tem — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → how it feels to be foreignersהַגֵּ֔רhag·gêr — Resident alien; temporary inhabitant without full citizenship rightsH1616 — Full Word Study →; forכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → you wereהֱיִיתֶ֖םhĕ·yî·ṯem — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → foreignersגֵרִ֥יםḡê·rîm — Resident alien; temporary inhabitant without full citizenship rightsH1616 — Full Word Study → in the landבְּאֶ֥רֶץbə·’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃miṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →. 10For sixוְשֵׁ֥שׁwə·šêš — The number six; sixth in orderH8337 — Full Word Study → yearsשָׁנִ֖יםšā·nîm — Year; period of time or ageH8141 — Full Word Study → you are to sowתִּזְרַ֣עtiz·ra‘ — to sow seed; to plantH2232 — Full Word Study → your landאַרְצֶ֑ךָ’ar·ṣe·ḵā — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → and gatherוְאָסַפְתָּ֖wə·’ā·sap̄·tā — to gather, assemble, collectH622 — Full Word Study → its produceתְּבוּאָתָֽהּ׃tə·ḇū·’ā·ṯāh — Produce, yield, or harvestH8393 — Full Word Study →, 11but in the seventh year you must let it restתִּשְׁמְטֶ֣נָּהtiš·mə·ṭen·nāh — to release, let fall, or abandonH8058 — Full Word Study → and lie fallowוּנְטַשְׁתָּ֗הּū·nə·ṭaš·tāh — to abandon, forsake, or let goH5203 — Full Word Study →, so that the poorאֶבְיֹנֵ֣י’eḇ·yō·nê — Poor person in dire needH34 — Full Word Study → among your peopleעַמֶּ֔ךָ‘am·me·ḵā — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → may eatוְאָֽכְלוּ֙wə·’ā·ḵə·lū — to eat, consume, devourH398 — Full Word Study → from the fieldהַשָּׂדֶ֑הhaś·śā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study → and the wild animalsחַיַּ֣תḥay·yaṯ — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study → may consumeתֹּאכַ֖לtō·ḵal — to eat, consume, devourH398 — Full Word Study → what they leaveוְיִתְרָ֕םwə·yiṯ·rām — remainder, excess, superiorityH3499 — Full Word Study →. Doתַּעֲשֶׂ֥הta·‘ă·śeh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → the sameכֵּֽן־kên- — so, thus, rightly, thereforeH3651 — Full Word Study → with your vineyardלְכַרְמְךָ֖lə·ḵar·mə·ḵā — Vineyard; a planted garden of grapevinesH3754 — Full Word Study → and olive groveלְזֵיתֶֽךָ׃lə·zê·ṯe·ḵā — olive tree; Mount of OlivesH2132 — Full Word Study →. 12For sixשֵׁ֤שֶׁתšê·šeṯ — The number six; sixth in orderH8337 — Full Word Study → daysיָמִים֙yā·mîm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → you are to doתַּעֲשֶׂ֣הta·‘ă·śeh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → your workמַעֲשֶׂ֔יךָma·‘ă·śe·ḵā — Work, deed, or actionH4639 — Full Word Study →, but on the seventhהַשְּׁבִיעִ֖יhaš·šə·ḇî·‘î — seventh; occurring on the seventh day or in a series of sevenH7637 — Full Word Study → dayוּבַיּ֥וֹםū·ḇay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → you must ceaseתִּשְׁבֹּ֑תtiš·bōṯ — to cease, rest, or desist from laborH7673 — Full Word Study →, so thatלְמַ֣עַןlə·ma·‘an — because of, for the sake of, in order thatH4616 — Full Word Study → your oxשֽׁוֹרְךָ֙šō·wr·ḵā — Ox, bull, or cattleH7794 — Full Word Study → and your donkeyוַחֲמֹרֶ֔ךָwa·ḥă·mō·re·ḵā — donkey; beast of burdenH2543 — Full Word Study → may restיָנ֗וּחַyā·nū·aḥ — To rest, cease, or remain in a state of quietnessH5117 — Full Word Study → and the sonבֶּן־ben- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of your maidservantאֲמָתְךָ֖’ă·mā·ṯə·ḵā — Female servant or bondmaid in household or covenant serviceH519 — Full Word Study → may be refreshedוְיִנָּפֵ֥שׁwə·yin·nā·p̄êš — to be refreshed, to take rest and recoverH5314 — Full Word Study →, as well as the foreign residentוְהַגֵּֽר׃wə·hag·gêr — Resident alien; temporary inhabitant without full citizenship rightsH1616 — Full Word Study →. 13Pay close attentionתִּשָּׁמֵ֑רוּtiš·šā·mê·rū — To guard, keep, observe, preserveH8104 — Full Word Study → to everythingוּבְכֹ֛לū·ḇə·ḵōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → I have saidאָמַ֥רְתִּי’ā·mar·tî — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → to youאֲלֵיכֶ֖ם’ă·lê·ḵem — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study →. You must notלֹ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → invokeתַזְכִּ֔ירוּṯaz·kî·rū — to remember, recall, or mentionH2142 — Full Word Study → the namesוְשֵׁ֨םwə·šêm — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study → of otherאֲחֵרִים֙’ă·ḥê·rîm — another, different, or following person or thingH312 — Full Word Study → godsאֱלֹהִ֤ים’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →; they must notלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → be heardיִשָּׁמַ֖עyiš·šā·ma‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → onעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → your lipsפִּֽיךָ׃pî·ḵā — Mouth; lips; edge; openingH6310 — Full Word Study →. 14Threeשָׁלֹ֣שׁšā·lōš — The number three; a group of three thingsH7969 — Full Word Study → timesרְגָלִ֔יםrə·ḡā·lîm — Foot; by extension, journey, way, or standingH7272 — Full Word Study → a yearבַּשָּׁנָֽה׃baš·šā·nāh — Year; period of time or ageH8141 — Full Word Study → you are to celebrate a feastתָּחֹ֥גtā·ḥōḡ — To celebrate, keep feast, danceH2287 — Full Word Study → to Me. 15You are to keepתִּשְׁמֹר֒tiš·mōr — To guard, keep, observe, preserveH8104 — Full Word Study → the Feastחַ֣גḥaḡ — Appointed feast or festival celebrationH2282 — Full Word Study → of Unleavened Breadהַמַּצּוֹת֮ham·maṣ·ṣō·wṯ — Unleavened bread; bread made without yeastH4682 — Full Word Study → asכַּֽאֲשֶׁ֣רka·’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → I commanded youצִוִּיתִ֗ךָṣiw·wî·ṯi·ḵā — to command, order, or appoint with authorityH6680 — Full Word Study →: At the appointed timeלְמוֹעֵד֙lə·mō·w·‘êḏ — appointed time; solemn assemblyH4150 — Full Word Study → in the monthחֹ֣דֶשׁḥō·ḏeš — A month; lunar period; new moonH2320 — Full Word Study → of Abibהָֽאָבִ֔יבhā·’ā·ḇîḇ — Fresh ears of grain; the spring month AbibH24 — Full Word Study → you are to eatתֹּאכַ֨לtō·ḵal — to eat, consume, devourH398 — Full Word Study → unleavened breadמַצּ֜וֹתmaṣ·ṣō·wṯ — Unleavened bread; bread made without yeastH4682 — Full Word Study → for sevenשִׁבְעַ֣תšiḇ·‘aṯ — The number seven; sevenfoldH7651 — Full Word Study → daysיָמִים֩yā·mîm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study →, becauseכִּי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → that was the month you came outיָצָ֣אתָyā·ṣā·ṯā — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִמִּצְרָ֑יִםmim·miṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →. No oneוְלֹא־wə·lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → may appearיֵרָא֥וּyê·rā·’ū — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → before Meפָנַ֖יp̄ā·nay — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → empty-handedרֵיקָֽם׃rê·qām — emptily, in vain, without purposeH7387 — Full Word Study →. 16You are also to keep the Feast of Harvestהַקָּצִיר֙haq·qā·ṣîr — Harvest; the reaping of crops or figuratively, a limb or branchH7105 — Full Word Study → with the firstfruitsבִּכּוּרֵ֣יbik·kū·rê — Firstfruits; the earliest or choicest harvestH1061 — Full Word Study → of the produceמַעֲשֶׂ֔יךָma·‘ă·śe·ḵā — Work, deed, or actionH4639 — Full Word Study → from whatאֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → you sowתִּזְרַ֖עtiz·ra‘ — to sow seed; to plantH2232 — Full Word Study → in the fieldבַּשָּׂדֶ֑הbaś·śā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study →. And keep the Feast of Ingatheringהָֽאָסִף֙hā·’ā·sip̄ — Ingathering, harvest gatheringH614 — Full Word Study → at the endבְּצֵ֣אתbə·ṣêṯ — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → of the yearהַשָּׁנָ֔הhaš·šā·nāh — Year; period of time or ageH8141 — Full Word Study →, when you gatherבְּאָסְפְּךָ֥bə·’ā·sə·pə·ḵā — to gather, assemble, collectH622 — Full Word Study → your produceמַעֲשֶׂ֖יךָma·‘ă·śe·ḵā — Work, deed, or actionH4639 — Full Word Study → fromמִן־min- — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → the fieldהַשָּׂדֶֽה׃haś·śā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study →. 17Threeשָׁלֹ֥שׁšā·lōš — The number three; a group of three thingsH7969 — Full Word Study → timesפְּעָמִ֖יםpə·‘ā·mîm — time, occasion, or instance of occurrenceH6471 — Full Word Study → a yearבַּשָּׁנָ֑הbaš·šā·nāh — Year; period of time or ageH8141 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → your malesזְכ֣וּרְךָ֔zə·ḵū·rə·ḵā — Male, man-child, or male animalH2138 — Full Word Study → are to appearיֵרָאֶה֙yê·rā·’eh — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → beforeאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the Lordהָאָדֹ֥ן׀hā·’ā·ḏōn — Lord, master, owner, rulerH113 — Full Word Study → GODיְהוָֽה׃Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →. 18You must notלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → offerתִזְבַּ֥חṯiz·baḥ — to slaughter an animal as a sacrifice or offeringH2076 — Full Word Study → the bloodדַּם־dam- — blood; life force; bloodshed; guiltH1818 — Full Word Study → of My sacrificesזִבְחִ֑יziḇ·ḥî — sacrificial offering; animal sacrificeH2077 — Full Word Study → withעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → anything leavenedחָמֵ֖ץḥā·mêṣ — leaven; fermented dough used as raising agentH2557 — Full Word Study →, nor mayוְלֹֽא־wə·lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → the fatחֵֽלֶב־ḥê·leḇ- — Fat; the richest or best partH2459 — Full Word Study → of My feastחַגִּ֖יḥag·gî — Appointed feast or festival celebrationH2282 — Full Word Study → remainיָלִ֥יןyā·lîn — to lodge, dwell, or remain (overnight or permanently)H3885 — Full Word Study → untilעַד־‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → morningבֹּֽקֶר׃bō·qer — Morning; daybreak; the early part of the dayH1242 — Full Word Study →. 19Bringתָּבִ֕יאtā·ḇî — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → the bestרֵאשִׁ֗יתrê·šîṯ — Beginning, first, principal, chiefH7225 — Full Word Study → of the firstfruitsבִּכּוּרֵי֙bik·kū·rê — Firstfruits; the earliest or choicest harvestH1061 — Full Word Study → of your soilאַדְמָ֣תְךָ֔’aḏ·mā·ṯə·ḵā — Land, soil, ground, earthH127 — Full Word Study → to the houseבֵּ֖יתbêṯ — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study → of the LORDיְהוָ֣הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → your Godאֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →. You must notלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → cookתְבַשֵּׁ֥לṯə·ḇaš·šêl — To cook by heat; boil, roast, or bakeH1310 — Full Word Study → a young goatגְּדִ֖יgə·ḏî — young goat; kidH1423 — Full Word Study → in its mother’sאִמּֽוֹ׃ס’im·mōw — mother; female parentH517 — Full Word Study → milkבַּחֲלֵ֥בba·ḥă·lêḇ — milk; richness, abundanceH2461 — Full Word Study →. 20Beholdהִנֵּ֨הhin·nêh — Look! Behold! Pay attention!H2009 — Full Word Study →, Iאָנֹכִ֜י’ā·nō·ḵî — I, myself (first-person singular pronoun)H595 — Full Word Study → am sendingשֹׁלֵ֤חַšō·lê·aḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → an angelמַלְאָךְ֙mal·’āḵ — messenger; angel; envoyH4397 — Full Word Study → before youלְפָנֶ֔יךָlə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → to protect youלִשְׁמָרְךָ֖liš·mā·rə·ḵā — To guard, keep, observe, preserveH8104 — Full Word Study → along the wayבַּדָּ֑רֶךְbad·dā·reḵ — way, path, journey, conductH1870 — Full Word Study → and to bring youוְלַהֲבִ֣יאֲךָ֔wə·la·hă·ḇî·’ă·ḵā — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the placeהַמָּק֖וֹםham·mā·qō·wm — A place, location, or spaceH4725 — Full Word Study → I have preparedהֲכִנֹֽתִי׃hă·ḵi·nō·ṯî — to establish, prepare, or make firmH3559 — Full Word Study →. 21Pay attentionהִשָּׁ֧מֶרhiš·šā·mer — To guard, keep, observe, preserveH8104 — Full Word Study → to himמִפָּנָ֛יוmip·pā·nāw — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → and listenוּשְׁמַ֥עū·šə·ma‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → to his voiceבְּקֹל֖וֹbə·qō·lōw — voice, sound, or cryH6963 — Full Word Study →; do notאַל־’al- — do not; negative imperative particleH408 — Full Word Study → defyתַּמֵּ֣רtam·mêr — To be bitter, provoke to anger, grieve deeplyH4843 — Full Word Study → him, forכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → he will notלֹ֤אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → forgiveיִשָּׂא֙yiś·śā — To lift up, raise, or bear; to carry or supportH5375 — Full Word Study → rebellionלְפִשְׁעֲכֶ֔םlə·p̄iš·‘ă·ḵem — Willful rebellion or transgression against God's lawH6588 — Full Word Study →, sinceכִּ֥יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → My Nameשְׁמִ֖יšə·mî — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study → is in himבְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃bə·qir·bōw — midst, inner part, heart, inward beingH7130 — Full Word Study →. 22Butכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → you will listen carefullyשָׁמֹ֤עַšā·mō·a‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → to his voiceבְּקֹל֔וֹbə·qō·lōw — voice, sound, or cryH6963 — Full Word Study → and doוְעָשִׂ֕יתָwə·‘ā·śî·ṯā — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → everythingכֹּ֖לkōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → I sayאֲדַבֵּ֑ר’ă·ḏab·bêr — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study →, I will be an enemyאֹ֣יְבֶ֔יךָ’ō·yə·ḇe·ḵā — Enemy; adversary; one who opposesH341 — Full Word Study → to your enemiesוְאָֽיַבְתִּי֙wə·’ā·yaḇ·tî — to be hostile; act as an enemyH340 — Full Word Study → and a foeוְצַרְתִּ֖יwə·ṣar·tî — to besiege, confine, or press inH6696 — Full Word Study → to your foesצֹרְרֶֽיךָ׃ṣō·rə·re·ḵā — to bind, squeeze, or oppress; to distress or afflictH6887 — Full Word Study →. 23Forכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → My angelמַלְאָכִי֮mal·’ā·ḵî — messenger; angel; envoyH4397 — Full Word Study → will goיֵלֵ֣ךְyê·lêḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → before youלְפָנֶיךָ֒lə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → and bring youוֶהֱבִֽיאֲךָ֗we·hĕ·ḇî·’ă·ḵā — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → intoאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the land of the Amoritesהָֽאֱמֹרִי֙hā·’ĕ·mō·rî — Canaanite peoplesH567 — Full Word Study →, Hittitesוְהַ֣חִתִּ֔יwə·ha·ḥit·tî — Hittite personH2850 — Full Word Study →, Perizzitesוְהַפְּרִזִּי֙wə·hap·pə·riz·zî — Inhabitants of the open landH6522 — Full Word Study →, Canaanitesוְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔יwə·hak·kə·na·‘ă·nî — Canaanite; merchant or traderH3669 — Full Word Study →, Hivitesהַחִוִּ֖יha·ḥiw·wî — Hivite peopleH2340 — Full Word Study →, and Jebusitesוְהַיְבוּסִ֑יwə·hay·ḇū·sî — Inhabitant of JebusH2983 — Full Word Study →, and I will annihilate themוְהִכְחַדְתִּֽיו׃wə·hiḵ·ḥaḏ·tîw — to hide, conceal, or be hiddenH3582 — Full Word Study →. 24You must notלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → bow downתִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֤הṯiš·ta·ḥă·weh — To bow down; to worship or show reverenceH7812 — Full Word Study → to their godsלֵאלֹֽהֵיהֶם֙lê·lō·hê·hem — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → or serve themתָֽעָבְדֵ֔םṯā·‘ā·ḇə·ḏêm — to serve, labor, workH5647 — Full Word Study → orוְלֹ֣אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → followתַעֲשֶׂ֖הṯa·‘ă·śeh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → their practicesכְּמַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶ֑םkə·ma·‘ă·śê·hem — Work, deed, or actionH4639 — Full Word Study →. Insteadכִּ֤יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study →, you are to demolish themהָרֵס֙hā·rês — To destroy, tear down, or overthrow completelyH2040 — Full Word Study → and smash their sacred stonesמַצֵּבֹתֵיהֶֽם׃maṣ·ṣê·ḇō·ṯê·hem — Standing stone pillar or memorial monumentH4676 — Full Word Study → to piecesוְשַׁבֵּ֥רwə·šab·bêr — to break, shatter, crushH7665 — Full Word Study →. 25So you shall serveוַעֲבַדְתֶּ֗םwa·‘ă·ḇaḏ·tem — to serve, labor, workH5647 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֣הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → your Godאֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם’ĕ·lō·hê·ḵem — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →, and He will blessוּבֵרַ֥ךְū·ḇê·raḵ — to bless, kneel, praiseH1288 — Full Word Study → your breadלַחְמְךָ֖laḥ·mə·ḵā — Bread; food; sustenanceH3899 — Full Word Study → andוְאֶת־wə·’eṯ- — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → your waterמֵימֶ֑יךָmê·me·ḵā — Water; liquid; fluidsH4325 — Full Word Study →. And I will take awayוַהֲסִרֹתִ֥יwa·hă·si·rō·ṯî — to turn aside, depart, removeH5493 — Full Word Study → sicknessמַחֲלָ֖הma·ḥă·lāh — sickness, disease, infirmityH4245 — Full Word Study → from among youמִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ׃miq·qir·be·ḵā — midst, inner part, heart, inward beingH7130 — Full Word Study →. 26Noלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → woman in your land will miscarryמְשַׁכֵּלָ֥הmə·šak·kê·lāh — to bereave of children; to miscarry or lose offspringH7921 — Full Word Study → or be barrenוַעֲקָרָ֖הwa·‘ă·qā·rāh — barren, unable to bear childrenH6135 — Full Word Study →; I will fulfillאֲמַלֵּֽא׃’ă·mal·lê — to fill, fulfill, completeH4390 — Full Word Study → the numberמִסְפַּ֥רmis·par — number, count, enumerationH4557 — Full Word Study → of your daysיָמֶ֖יךָyā·me·ḵā — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study →. 27I will sendאֲשַׁלַּ֣ח’ă·šal·laḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → My terrorאֵֽימָתִי֙’ê·mā·ṯî — Terror, dread, fearful aweH367 — Full Word Study → ahead of youלְפָנֶ֔יךָlə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → and throw into confusionוְהַמֹּתִי֙wə·ham·mō·ṯî — to confuse, trouble, or crushH2000 — Full Word Study → everyכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → nationהָעָ֔םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → you encounterתָּבֹ֖אtā·ḇō — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study →. I will make allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → your enemiesאֹיְבֶ֛יךָ’ō·yə·ḇe·ḵā — Enemy; adversary; one who opposesH341 — Full Word Study → turnוְנָתַתִּ֧יwə·nā·ṯat·tî — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → and runאֵלֶ֖יךָ’ê·le·ḵā — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study →. 28I will sendוְשָׁלַחְתִּ֥יwə·šā·laḥ·tî — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → the hornetהַצִּרְעָ֖הhaṣ·ṣir·‘āh — hornet; stinging insectH6880 — Full Word Study → before youלְפָנֶ֑יךָlə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → to driveוְגֵרְשָׁ֗הwə·ḡê·rə·šāh — to drive out, expel, thrust awayH1644 — Full Word Study → the Hivitesהַחִוִּ֧יha·ḥiw·wî — Hivite peopleH2340 — Full Word Study → and Canaanitesהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛יhak·kə·na·‘ă·nî — Canaanite; merchant or traderH3669 — Full Word Study → and Hittitesהַחִתִּ֖יha·ḥit·tî — Hittite personH2850 — Full Word Study → out of your wayמִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃mil·lə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study →. 29I will notלֹ֧אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → drive them outאֲגָרְשֶׁ֛נּוּ’ă·ḡā·rə·šen·nū — to drive out, expel, thrust awayH1644 — Full Word Study → before youמִפָּנֶ֖יךָmip·pā·ne·ḵā — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → in a singleאֶחָ֑ת’e·ḥāṯ — One; unity; single; firstH259 — Full Word Study → yearבְּשָׁנָ֣הbə·šā·nāh — Year; period of time or ageH8141 — Full Word Study →; otherwiseפֶּן־pen- — lest, that not, for fear thatH6435 — Full Word Study → the landהָאָ֙רֶץ֙hā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → would becomeתִּהְיֶ֤הtih·yeh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → desolateשְׁמָמָ֔הšə·mā·māh — desolation, devastation, ruin, astonishmentH8077 — Full Word Study → and wildהַשָּׂדֶֽה׃haś·śā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study → animalsחַיַּ֥תḥay·yaṯ — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study → would multiplyוְרַבָּ֥הwə·rab·bāh — to multiply, increase in number or abundanceH7231 — Full Word Study → against youעָלֶ֖יךָ‘ā·le·ḵā — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study →. 30Littleמְעַ֥טmə·‘aṭ — A small amount; little; fewH4592 — Full Word Study → by littleמְעַ֛טmə·‘aṭ — A small amount; little; fewH4592 — Full Word Study → I will drive them outאֲגָרְשֶׁ֖נּוּ’ă·ḡā·rə·šen·nū — to drive out, expel, thrust awayH1644 — Full Word Study → ahead of youמִפָּנֶ֑יךָmip·pā·ne·ḵā — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study →, untilעַ֚ד‘aḏ — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → you become fruitfulתִּפְרֶ֔הtip̄·reh — To be fruitful, increase, multiplyH6509 — Full Word Study → and possessוְנָחַלְתָּ֖wə·nā·ḥal·tā — to inherit, to take possession as an heirH5157 — Full Word Study → the landהָאָֽרֶץ׃hā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →. 31And I will establishוְשַׁתִּ֣יwə·šat·tî — to set, place, or appointH7896 — Full Word Study → your bordersגְּבֻלְךָ֗gə·ḇul·ḵā — boundary, border, or limit of a regionH1366 — Full Word Study → from the Redסוּף֙sūp̄ — Red Sea; seaweed, aquatic plantsH5488 — Full Word Study → Seaמִיַּם־mî·yam- — Sea, body of water; also directional (west, south)H3220 — Full Word Study → toוְעַד־wə·‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → the Seaיָ֣םyām — Sea, body of water; also directional (west, south)H3220 — Full Word Study → of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםpə·liš·tîm — PhilistineH6430 — Full Word Study →, and from the desertוּמִמִּדְבָּ֖רū·mim·miḏ·bār — Desert; wilderness; pasture; speechH4057 — Full Word Study → toעַד־‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → the Euphrates. Forכִּ֣י׀kî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → I will deliverאֶתֵּ֣ן’et·tên — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → the inhabitantsיֹשְׁבֵ֣יyō·šə·ḇê — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → into your handבְּיֶדְכֶ֗םbə·yeḏ·ḵem — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study →, and you will drive them outוְגֵרַשְׁתָּ֖מוֹwə·ḡê·raš·tā·mōw — to drive out, expel, thrust awayH1644 — Full Word Study → before youמִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃mip·pā·ne·ḵā — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study →. 32You shall makeתִכְרֹ֥תṯiḵ·rōṯ — To cut; to make a covenantH3772 — Full Word Study → noלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → covenantבְּרִֽית׃bə·rîṯ — A binding agreement or covenant between partiesH1285 — Full Word Study → with them or with their godsוְלֵאלֹֽהֵיהֶ֖םwə·lê·lō·hê·hem — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →. 33They must notלֹ֤אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → remainיֵשְׁבוּ֙yê·šə·ḇū — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → in your landבְּאַרְצְךָ֔bə·’ar·ṣə·ḵā — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →, lestפֶּן־pen- — lest, that not, for fear thatH6435 — Full Word Study → they cause you to sinיַחֲטִ֥יאוּya·ḥă·ṭî·’ū — To sin; to miss the mark; to commit wrongdoingH2398 — Full Word Study → against Me. Forכִּ֤יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → if you serveתַעֲבֹד֙ṯa·‘ă·ḇōḏ — to serve, labor, workH5647 — Full Word Study → their godsאֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם’ĕ·lō·hê·hem — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →, it will surelyכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → beיִהְיֶ֥הyih·yeh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → a snareלְמוֹקֵֽשׁ׃פlə·mō·w·qêš — snare, trap, or netH4170 — Full Word Study → to you.”
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Chapter Commentary — Exodus 23
Chapter Overview

Overview

Exodus 23 presents God's moral and ceremonial laws for His covenant people, emphasizing justice, compassion, and exclusive devotion to Him. The chapter falls naturally into two major movements: first, laws governing civil conduct and fair judgment (verses 1–9), followed by laws regarding labor, worship, and religious festivals (verses 10–19). Finally, God seals His covenant promise by assuring Israel of His angelic protection and guarantee of the land, contingent upon their faithful obedience and refusal to compromise with the pagan nations around them (verses 20–33).

Verses 1–3: Integrity in Witness and Justice

God begins by forbidding false reports and corrupt testimony. Verse 1 warns against raising a false report or joining hands with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness—a direct prohibition on perjury and conspiracy. Verse 2 extends this principle: believers must not follow a multitude into evil, nor bow to popular pressure in legal matters that would pervert justice. Verse 3 adds a crucial safeguard: even compassion for the poor must not bias a judge into unjust judgment. The core principle is that truth and righteousness must never be compromised, regardless of social pressure or sympathy.

Verses 4–5: Love for the Enemy

These remarkable verses command returning a lost animal even to an enemy, and actively helping to lighten an enemy's burden (verse 5). This command anticipates Jesus' teaching on loving enemies (Matthew 5:43–47). Practical application: believers are called to extend kindness and assistance even when it costs them, because moral obligation transcends personal grievance.

Verses 6–9: Justice and Compassion for the Vulnerable

Verse 6 forbids perverting the judgment of the poor in their cause—ensuring that vulnerability does not make one an easy target for injustice. Verse 8 warns that accepting bribes blinds the wise and corrupts righteous words, a principle recognized across ancient Near Eastern wisdom. Verse 9 protects the stranger, grounding this command in Israel's own experience of slavery in Egypt: "ye know the heart of a stranger." Empathy rooted in remembered suffering should fuel generosity.

Verses 10–12: Sabbath Rest—Land, Labor, and Liberation

The sabbatical cycle governs both fields (verses 10–11) and weekly work (verse 12). Six years of cultivation are followed by a seventh year of rest, during which the poor and beasts may eat freely—a brilliant blend of land stewardship, social welfare, and trust in God's provision. Similarly, the weekly Sabbath gives rest not only to the owner but to servants, animals, and strangers. The principle: obedience includes relinquishing control and trusting God's abundance.

Verses 13–19: Exclusive Worship and Festival Observance

Verse 13 commands circumspection regarding God's word and forbids even mentioning other gods' names. Verses 14–16 outline the three annual feasts—Unleavened Bread (remembering the Exodus), Harvest (firstfruits), and Ingathering (end of year). Verse 18 prohibits offering blood sacrifice with leavened bread, and verse 19 requires presenting firstfruits to the Lord and forbids seething a kid in its mother's milk (a pagan fertility rite). Theme: worship must be pure, memorial-laden, and exclusive to Yahweh.

Verses 20–33: The Angel and the Conditional Promise

God's Angel (likely the pre-incarnate Christ) will lead and protect Israel, but only if they obey His voice (verses 20–21). Verses 22–23 promise victory over the Canaanite nations. However, verses 24–33 impose strict conditions: no idolatry, no covenant with pagan gods, and complete separation from Canaanite worship. Blessings are promised—health, fertility, long life, and gradual possession of the land—but contingent on faithfulness. Verse 29 reveals wisdom: God will drive out enemies gradually lest the land become desolate, showing divine care for both promise and stewardship.

Application for Today

Exodus 23 calls modern believers to uncompromising integrity in speech and judgment, radical compassion for enemies and the vulnerable, regular rest as an act of faith, and exclusive devotion to Christ. In our pluralistic age, the call to avoid spiritual compromise (verses 32–33) remains vital: we cannot serve God while accommodating rival loyalties. God's promises depend on our obedience.

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