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Exodus 18

BSB·27 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1Now Moses’מֹשֶׁ֔הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → father-in-lawחֹתֵ֣ןḥō·ṯên — To give in marriage; to form a family alliance through marriageH2859 — Full Word Study → Jethroיִתְר֨וֹyiṯ·rōw — His ExcellencyH3503 — Full Word Study →, the priestכֹהֵ֤ןḵō·hên — priest; one who serves in God's sanctuaryH3548 — Full Word Study → of Midianמִדְיָן֙miḏ·yān — Desert region and peopleH4080 — Full Word Study →, heardוַיִּשְׁמַ֞עway·yiš·ma‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → about allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁ֨ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → Godאֱלֹהִים֙’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → had doneעָשָׂ֤ה‘ā·śāh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → for Mosesלְמֹשֶׁ֔הlə·mō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → and His peopleעַמּ֑וֹ‘am·mōw — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → Israelוּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לū·lə·yiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study →, and howכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֛הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → had broughtהוֹצִ֧יאhō·w·ṣî — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לyiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study → out of Egyptמִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃mim·miṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →. 2Afterאַחַ֖ר’a·ḥar — after, behind, followingH310 — Full Word Study → Mosesמֹשֶׁ֑הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → had sent backשִׁלּוּחֶֽיהָ׃šil·lū·ḥe·hā — parting gift; farewell presentH7964 — Full Word Study → his wifeאֵ֣שֶׁת’ê·šeṯ — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study → Zipporahצִפֹּרָ֖הṣip·pō·rāh — Bird; a sparrowH6855 — Full Word Study →, his father-in-lawחֹתֵ֣ןḥō·ṯên — To give in marriage; to form a family alliance through marriageH2859 — Full Word Study → Jethroיִתְרוֹ֙yiṯ·rōw — His ExcellencyH3503 — Full Word Study → had received herוַיִּקַּ֗חway·yiq·qaḥ — to take, seize, or receiveH3947 — Full Word Study →, 3along withוְאֵ֖תwə·’êṯ — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → her twoשְׁנֵ֣יšə·nê — The number two; a pair or coupleH8147 — Full Word Study → sonsבָנֶ֑יהָḇā·ne·hā — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study →. Oneהָֽאֶחָד֙hā·’e·ḥāḏ — One; unity; single; firstH259 — Full Word Study → son was namedשֵׁ֤םšêm — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study → Gershomגֵּֽרְשֹׁ֔םgê·rə·šōm — Expulsion or banishmentH1647 — Full Word Study →, forכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → Moses had saidאָמַ֔ר’ā·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “I have beenהָיִ֔יתִיhā·yî·ṯî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → a foreignerגֵּ֣רgêr — Resident alien; temporary inhabitant without full citizenship rightsH1616 — Full Word Study → in a foreignנָכְרִיָּֽה׃nā·ḵə·rî·yāh — foreign, alien, strangerH5237 — Full Word Study → landבְּאֶ֖רֶץbə·’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →.” 4The other son was namedוְשֵׁ֥םwə·šêm — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study → Eliezerאֱלִיעֶ֑זֶר’ĕ·lî·‘e·zer — God is my helpH461 — Full Word Study →, for Moses had said, “The Godאֱלֹהֵ֤י’ĕ·lō·hê — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → of my fatherאָבִי֙’ā·ḇî — H1 — Full Word Study → was my helperבְּעֶזְרִ֔יbə·‘ez·rî — Helper, aid, or one who assistsH5828 — Full Word Study → and delivered meוַיַּצִּלֵ֖נִיway·yaṣ·ṣi·lê·nî — to rescue, deliver, or snatch awayH5337 — Full Word Study → from the swordמֵחֶ֥רֶבmê·ḥe·reḇ — sword; blade weaponH2719 — Full Word Study → of Pharaohפַּרְעֹֽה׃par·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study →.” 5Moses’ father-in-lawחֹתֵ֥ןḥō·ṯên — To give in marriage; to form a family alliance through marriageH2859 — Full Word Study → Jethroיִתְר֨וֹyiṯ·rōw — His ExcellencyH3503 — Full Word Study →, along with Moses’מֹשֶׁ֛הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → wifeוְאִשְׁתּ֖וֹwə·’iš·tōw — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study → and sonsוּבָנָ֥יוū·ḇā·nāw — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study →, cameוַיָּבֹ֞אway·yā·ḇō — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → himמֹשֶׁ֑הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → inאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the desertהַמִּדְבָּ֗רham·miḏ·bār — Desert; wilderness; pasture; speechH4057 — Full Word Study →, whereאֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer- — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → heה֛וּאhū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → was encampedחֹנֶ֥הḥō·neh — to pitch a tent; to camp; to dwellH2583 — Full Word Study → at the mountainהַ֥רhar — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study → of Godהָאֱלֹהִֽים׃hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →. 6He sent wordוַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙way·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Mosesמֹשֶׁ֔הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study →, “Iאֲנִ֛י’ă·nî — I, me, myself (first person singular pronoun)H589 — Full Word Study →, your father-in-lawחֹתֶנְךָ֥ḥō·ṯen·ḵā — To give in marriage; to form a family alliance through marriageH2859 — Full Word Study → Jethroיִתְר֖וֹyiṯ·rōw — His ExcellencyH3503 — Full Word Study →, am comingבָּ֣אbā — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → toאֵלֶ֑יךָ’ê·le·ḵā — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → you with your wifeוְאִ֨שְׁתְּךָ֔wə·’iš·tə·ḵā — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study → and herעִמָּֽהּ׃‘im·māh — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → twoוּשְׁנֵ֥יū·šə·nê — The number two; a pair or coupleH8147 — Full Word Study → sonsבָנֶ֖יהָḇā·ne·hā — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study →.” 7So Mosesמֹשֶׁ֜הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → went out to meetוַיֵּצֵ֨אway·yê·ṣê — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → his father-in-lawחֹֽתְנ֗וֹḥō·ṯə·nōw — To give in marriage; to form a family alliance through marriageH2859 — Full Word Study → and bowed downוַיִּשְׁתַּ֙חוּ֙way·yiš·ta·ḥū — To bow down; to worship or show reverenceH7812 — Full Word Study → and kissedוַיִּשַּׁק־way·yiš·šaq- — To kiss; to touch; to equip with weaponsH5401 — Full Word Study → him. They greetedוַיִּשְׁאֲל֥וּway·yiš·’ă·lū — to ask, request, inquire, or demandH7592 — Full Word Study → eachאִישׁ־’îš- — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → otherלְרֵעֵ֖הוּlə·rê·‘ê·hū — neighbor, friend, companion, associateH7453 — Full Word Study → and wentוַיָּבֹ֖אוּway·yā·ḇō·’ū — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → into the tentהָאֹֽהֱלָה׃hā·’ō·hĕ·lāh — A tent; portable dwelling placeH168 — Full Word Study →. 8Then Mosesמֹשֶׁה֙mō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → recountedוַיְסַפֵּ֤רway·sap·pêr — To count, record, or declareH5608 — Full Word Study → to his father-in-lawלְחֹ֣תְנ֔וֹlə·ḥō·ṯə·nōw — To give in marriage; to form a family alliance through marriageH2859 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁ֨ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → had doneעָשָׂ֤ה‘ā·śāh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → to Pharaohלְפַרְעֹ֣הlə·p̄ar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → and the Egyptiansוּלְמִצְרַ֔יִםū·lə·miṣ·ra·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study → forעַ֖ל‘al — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → Israel’sיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לyiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study → sakeאוֹדֹ֣ת’ō·w·ḏōṯ — Because, on account of, for the sake ofH182 — Full Word Study →, allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the hardshipsהַתְּלָאָה֙hat·tə·lā·’āh — hardship, toil, exhaustionH8513 — Full Word Study → they had encounteredמְצָאָ֣תַםmə·ṣā·’ā·ṯam — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study → along the wayבַּדֶּ֔רֶךְbad·de·reḵ — way, path, journey, conductH1870 — Full Word Study →, and how the LORDיְהוָֽה׃Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → had delivered themוַיַּצִּלֵ֖םway·yaṣ·ṣi·lêm — to rescue, deliver, or snatch awayH5337 — Full Word Study →. 9And Jethroיִתְר֔וֹyiṯ·rōw — His ExcellencyH3503 — Full Word Study → rejoicedוַיִּ֣חַדְּway·yi·ḥad — to rejoice, be glad, celebrateH2302 — Full Word Study → overעַ֚ל‘al — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the good thingsהַטּוֹבָ֔הhaṭ·ṭō·w·ḇāh — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → had doneעָשָׂ֥ה‘ā·śāh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → for Israelלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לlə·yiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study →, whomאֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → He had rescuedהִצִּיל֖וֹhiṣ·ṣî·lōw — to rescue, deliver, or snatch awayH5337 — Full Word Study → from the handמִיַּ֥דmî·yaḏ — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → of the Egyptiansמִצְרָֽיִם׃miṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →. 10Jethroיִתְרוֹ֒yiṯ·rōw — His ExcellencyH3503 — Full Word Study → declaredוַיֹּאמֶר֮way·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Blessed be the LORDיְהוָ֔הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →, whoאֲשֶׁ֨ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → has deliveredהִצִּ֥ילhiṣ·ṣîl — to rescue, deliver, or snatch awayH5337 — Full Word Study → youאֶתְכֶ֛ם’eṯ·ḵem — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → from the handמִיַּ֥דmî·yaḏ — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → of the Egyptiansמִצְרַ֖יִםmiṣ·ra·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study → and of Pharaohפַּרְעֹ֑הpar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study →, and whoאֲשֶׁ֤ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → has deliveredהִצִּיל֙hiṣ·ṣîl — to rescue, deliver, or snatch awayH5337 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָ֔םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → fromמִתַּ֖חַתmit·ta·ḥaṯ — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study → the handיַד־yaḏ- — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → of the Egyptiansמִצְרָֽיִם׃miṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →. 11Nowעַתָּ֣ה‘at·tāh — Now; at the present timeH6258 — Full Word Study → I knowיָדַ֔עְתִּיyā·ḏa‘·tî — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → thatכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → is greaterגָד֥וֹלḡā·ḏō·wl — Great, mighty, large in size or significanceH1419 — Full Word Study → than all otherמִכָּל־mik·kāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → godsהָאֱלֹהִ֑יםhā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →, forכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → He did thisבַדָּבָ֔רḇad·dā·ḇār — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → when theyאֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → treated Israel with arroganceזָד֖וּzā·ḏū — to act presumptuously; to boil over with prideH2102 — Full Word Study →.” 12Then Moses’מֹשֶׁ֛הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → father-in-lawחֹתֵ֥ןḥō·ṯên — To give in marriage; to form a family alliance through marriageH2859 — Full Word Study → Jethroיִתְר֨וֹyiṯ·rōw — His ExcellencyH3503 — Full Word Study → broughtוַיִּקַּ֞חway·yiq·qaḥ — to take, seize, or receiveH3947 — Full Word Study → a burnt offeringעֹלָ֥ה‘ō·lāh — burnt offering; ascending sacrificeH5930 — Full Word Study → and sacrificesוּזְבָחִ֖יםū·zə·ḇā·ḥîm — sacrificial offering; animal sacrificeH2077 — Full Word Study → to Godלֵֽאלֹהִ֑יםlê·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →, and Aaronאַהֲרֹ֜ן’a·hă·rōn — Exalted FatherH175 — Full Word Study → cameוַיָּבֹ֨אway·yā·ḇō — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → with allוְכֹ֣ל׀wə·ḵōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the eldersזִקְנֵ֣יziq·nê — An old person; an elder with authority and wisdomH2205 — Full Word Study → of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֗לyiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study → to eatלֶאֱכָל־le·’ĕ·ḵāl- — to eat, consume, devourH398 — Full Word Study → breadלֶ֛חֶםle·ḥem — Bread; food; sustenanceH3899 — Full Word Study → withעִם־‘im- — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → Moses’מֹשֶׁ֖הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → father-in-lawחֹתֵ֥ןḥō·ṯên — To give in marriage; to form a family alliance through marriageH2859 — Full Word Study → in the presenceלִפְנֵ֥יlip̄·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → of Godהָאֱלֹהִֽים׃hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →. 13The next dayמִֽמָּחֳרָ֔תmim·mā·ḥo·rāṯ — The next day, morrow, following dayH4283 — Full Word Study → Mosesמֹשֶׁ֖הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → took his seatוַיֵּ֥שֶׁבway·yê·šeḇ — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → to judgeלִשְׁפֹּ֣טliš·pōṭ — to judge, govern, or execute justiceH8199 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָ֑םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →, and they stoodוַיַּעֲמֹ֤דway·ya·‘ă·mōḏ — to stand, take a stand, be establishedH5975 — Full Word Study → aroundעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → him fromמִן־min- — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → morningהַבֹּ֖קֶרhab·bō·qer — Morning; daybreak; the early part of the dayH1242 — Full Word Study → untilעַד־‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → eveningהָעָֽרֶב׃hā·‘ā·reḇ — Evening, the time of day when sun setsH6153 — Full Word Study →. 14When his father-in-lawחֹתֵ֣ןḥō·ṯên — To give in marriage; to form a family alliance through marriageH2859 — Full Word Study → sawוַיַּרְא֙way·yar — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer- — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → Moses was doingעֹשֶׂ֖ה‘ō·śeh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → for the peopleלָעָ֑םlā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →, he askedוַיֹּ֗אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Whatמָֽה־māh- — What? Why? How? (interrogative particle)H4100 — Full Word Study → is thisהַזֶּה֙haz·zeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁ֨ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → you areאַתָּ֤ה’at·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → doingעֹשֶׂה֙‘ō·śeh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → for the peopleלָעָ֔םlā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →? Whyמַדּ֗וּעַmad·dū·a‘ — Why? For what reason?H4069 — Full Word Study → do youאַתָּ֤ה’at·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → sitיוֹשֵׁב֙yō·wō·šêḇ — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → alone as judge, with allוְכָל־wə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָ֛םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → standingנִצָּ֥בniṣ·ṣāḇ — To stand, station, or set up firmlyH5324 — Full Word Study → aroundעָלֶ֖יךָ‘ā·le·ḵā — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → you fromמִן־min- — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → morningבֹּ֥קֶרbō·qer — Morning; daybreak; the early part of the dayH1242 — Full Word Study → tillעַד־‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → eveningעָֽרֶב׃‘ā·reḇ — Evening, the time of day when sun setsH6153 — Full Word Study →?” 15Becauseכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָ֖םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → comeיָבֹ֥אyā·ḇō — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → to meאֵלַ֛י’ê·lay — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → to inquireלִדְרֹ֥שׁliḏ·rōš — to seek, inquire, search diligentlyH1875 — Full Word Study → of Godאֱלֹהִֽים׃’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →,” Mosesמֹשֶׁ֖הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → repliedוַיֹּ֥אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →. 16Wheneverכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → they haveיִהְיֶ֨הyih·yeh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → a disputeדָּבָר֙dā·ḇār — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study →, it is broughtבָּ֣אbā — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → to meאֵלַ֔י’ê·lay — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → to judgeוְשָׁ֣פַטְתִּ֔יwə·šā·p̄aṭ·tî — to judge, govern, or execute justiceH8199 — Full Word Study → betweenבֵּ֥יןbên — between, among, in the midst ofH996 — Full Word Study → one manאִ֖ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → and anotherרֵעֵ֑הוּrê·‘ê·hū — neighbor, friend, companion, associateH7453 — Full Word Study →, and I make knownוְהוֹדַעְתִּ֛יwə·hō·w·ḏa‘·tî — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → to themאֶת־’eṯ- — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → the statutesחֻקֵּ֥יḥuq·qê — A statute or decree; an appointed rule or lawH2706 — Full Word Study → andוְאֶת־wə·’eṯ- — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → lawsתּוֹרֹתָֽיו׃tō·w·rō·ṯāw — instruction, teaching, law, guidanceH8451 — Full Word Study → of Godהָאֱלֹהִ֖יםhā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →.” 17But Moses’מֹשֶׁ֖הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → father-in-lawחֹתֵ֥ןḥō·ṯên — To give in marriage; to form a family alliance through marriageH2859 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֛אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → to himאֵלָ֑יו’ê·lāw — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study →, “Whatהַדָּבָ֔רhad·dā·ḇār — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → you areאַתָּ֖ה’at·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → doingעֹשֶֽׂה׃‘ō·śeh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → is notלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → goodטוֹב֙ṭō·wḇ — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study →. 18Surelyגַּם־gam- — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → youאַתָּ֕ה’at·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → andגַּם־gam- — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → theseהַזֶּ֖הhaz·zeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study → peopleהָעָ֥םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → with youעִמָּ֑ךְ‘im·māḵ — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → will wear yourselves outנָבֹ֣לnā·ḇōl — to wilt, fall away, become foolish or vileH5034 — Full Word Study →, becauseכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the taskהַדָּבָ֔רhad·dā·ḇār — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → is too heavyכָבֵ֤דḵā·ḇêḏ — Heavy; weighty; burdensome; grievousH3515 — Full Word Study → for youמִמְּךָ֙mim·mə·ḵā — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study →. You cannotלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → handleעֲשֹׂ֖הוּ‘ă·śō·hū — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → it aloneלְבַדֶּֽךָ׃lə·ḇad·de·ḵā — alone, apart, or bar/poleH905 — Full Word Study →. 19Nowעַתָּ֞ה‘at·tāh — Now; at the present timeH6258 — Full Word Study → listen to meשְׁמַ֤עšə·ma‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study →; I will give you some adviceאִיעָ֣צְךָ֔’î·‘ā·ṣə·ḵā — to advise, counsel, or devise a planH3289 — Full Word Study →, and may Godאֱלֹהִ֖ים’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → beוִיהִ֥יwî·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → with youעִמָּ֑ךְ‘im·māḵ — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study →. Youאַתָּ֣ה’at·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → must beהֱיֵ֧הhĕ·yêh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → the people’s representativeלָעָ֗םlā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → beforeמ֚וּלmūl — Opposite, before, facing, towardH4136 — Full Word Study → Godהָֽאֱלֹהִ֔יםhā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → and bringוְהֵבֵאתָ֥wə·hê·ḇê·ṯā — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → their causesהַדְּבָרִ֖יםhad·də·ḇā·rîm — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Himהָאֱלֹהִֽים׃hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →. 20Teachוְהִזְהַרְתָּ֣הwə·hiz·har·tāh — to warn, caution, or enlighten with instructionH2094 — Full Word Study → themאֶת־’eṯ- — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → the statutesהַחֻקִּ֖יםha·ḥuq·qîm — A statute or decree; an appointed rule or lawH2706 — Full Word Study → and lawsהַתּוֹרֹ֑תhat·tō·w·rōṯ — instruction, teaching, law, guidanceH8451 — Full Word Study →, and showוְהוֹדַעְתָּ֣wə·hō·w·ḏa‘·tā — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → them the wayהַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙had·de·reḵ — way, path, journey, conductH1870 — Full Word Study → to liveיֵ֣לְכוּyê·lə·ḵū — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → and the workהַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֖הham·ma·‘ă·śeh — Work, deed, or actionH4639 — Full Word Study → they must doיַעֲשֽׂוּן׃ya·‘ă·śūn — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study →. 21Furthermoreוְאַתָּ֣הwə·’at·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study →, selectתֶחֱזֶ֣הṯe·ḥĕ·zeh — to see, behold, perceive, or prophesyH2372 — Full Word Study → capableחַ֜יִלḥa·yil — Army, force, or wealthH2428 — Full Word Study → menאַנְשֵׁי־’an·šê- — human being, man, mortal personH582 — Full Word Study → from amongמִכָּל־mik·kāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָ֠עָםhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →God-fearingיִרְאֵ֧יyir·’ê — to fear, be afraid, dreadH3373 — Full Word Study →, trustworthy menאֱמֶ֖ת’ĕ·meṯ — Truth; faithfulness; reliability; what is established and sureH571 — Full Word Study → who are averseשֹׂ֣נְאֵיśō·nə·’ê — to hate, despise, regard with hostilityH8130 — Full Word Study → to dishonest gainבָ֑צַעḇā·ṣa‘ — unjust gain; dishonest profitH1215 — Full Word Study →. Appoint themוְשַׂמְתָּ֣wə·śam·tā — to put, place, set, appointH7760 — Full Word Study → over the people as leadersשָׂרֵ֤יśā·rê — Ruler, leader, or one in authorityH8269 — Full Word Study → of thousandsאֲלָפִים֙’ă·lā·p̄îm — A thousand; a large military unit or census numberH505 — Full Word Study →, of hundredsמֵא֔וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ — hundred; a large complete numberH3967 — Full Word Study →, of fiftiesחֲמִשִּׁ֖יםḥă·miš·šîm — Fifty; the number representing a jubilee period or festival countH2572 — Full Word Study →, and of tensעֲשָׂרֹֽת׃‘ă·śā·rōṯ — The number ten; a complete group or setH6235 — Full Word Study →. 22Have these men judge the peopleהָעָם֮hā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → at allבְּכָל־bə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → timesעֵת֒‘êṯ — Time, season, or appointed momentH6256 — Full Word Study →. Thenוְהָיָ֞הwə·hā·yāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → they can bringיָבִ֣יאוּyā·ḇî·’ū — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → youאֵלֶ֔יךָ’ê·le·ḵā — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → anyכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → majorהַגָּדֹל֙hag·gā·ḏōl — Great, mighty, large in size or significanceH1419 — Full Word Study → issueהַדָּבָ֤רhad·dā·ḇār — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study →, but allוְכָל־wə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → minorהַקָּטֹ֖ןhaq·qā·ṭōn — Small, little, least, or young in size, number, age, or importanceH6996 — Full Word Study → casesהַדָּבָ֥רhad·dā·ḇār — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → they can judgeיִשְׁפְּטוּ־yiš·pə·ṭū- — to judge, govern, or execute justiceH8199 — Full Word Study → on their ownהֵ֑םhêm — They, them (masculine plural pronoun)H1992 — Full Word Study →, so that your load may be lightenedוְהָקֵל֙wə·hā·qêl — to make light; to curse; to despiseH7043 — Full Word Study → as they shareוְנָשְׂא֖וּwə·nā·śə·’ū — To lift up, raise, or bear; to carry or supportH5375 — Full Word Study → it with youאִתָּֽךְ׃’it·tāḵ — with, together with, againstH854 — Full Word Study →. 23Ifאִ֣ם’im — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → you followתַּעֲשֶׂ֔הta·‘ă·śeh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → thisהַזֶּה֙haz·zeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study → adviceהַדָּבָ֤רhad·dā·ḇār — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → and Godאֱלֹהִ֔ים’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → so directs youוְצִוְּךָ֣wə·ṣiw·wə·ḵā — to command, order, or appoint with authorityH6680 — Full Word Study →, then you will be ableוְיָֽכָלְתָּ֖wə·yā·ḵā·lə·tā — to be able, have power, endureH3201 — Full Word Study → to endureעֲמֹ֑ד‘ă·mōḏ — to stand, take a stand, be establishedH5975 — Full Word Study →, andוְגַם֙wə·ḡam — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → theseהַזֶּ֔הhaz·zeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study → peopleהָעָ֣םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → can goיָבֹ֥אyā·ḇō — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → homeמְקֹמ֖וֹmə·qō·mōw — A place, location, or spaceH4725 — Full Word Study → in peaceבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ḇə·šā·lō·wm — Peace, wholeness, well-being, prosperityH7965 — Full Word Study →.” 24Mosesמֹשֶׁ֖הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → listenedוַיִּשְׁמַ֥עway·yiš·ma‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → to his father-in-lawחֹתְנ֑וֹḥō·ṯə·nōw — To give in marriage; to form a family alliance through marriageH2859 — Full Word Study → and didוַיַּ֕עַשׂway·ya·‘aś — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → everythingכֹּ֖לkōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → he saidאָמָֽר׃’ā·mār — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →. 25So Mosesמֹשֶׁ֤הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → choseוַיִּבְחַ֨רway·yiḇ·ḥar — To choose, select, or preferH977 — Full Word Study → capableחַ֙יִל֙ḥa·yil — Army, force, or wealthH2428 — Full Word Study → menאַנְשֵׁי־’an·šê- — human being, man, mortal personH582 — Full Word Study → from allמִכָּל־mik·kāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לyiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study → and madeוַיִּתֵּ֥ןway·yit·tên — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → themאֹתָ֛ם’ō·ṯām — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → headsרָאשִׁ֖יםrā·šîm — Head; chief; beginning; topH7218 — Full Word Study → overעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָ֑םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → as leadersשָׂרֵ֤יśā·rê — Ruler, leader, or one in authorityH8269 — Full Word Study → of thousandsאֲלָפִים֙’ă·lā·p̄îm — A thousand; a large military unit or census numberH505 — Full Word Study →, of hundredsמֵא֔וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ — hundred; a large complete numberH3967 — Full Word Study →, of fiftiesחֲמִשִּׁ֖יםḥă·miš·šîm — Fifty; the number representing a jubilee period or festival countH2572 — Full Word Study →, and of tensעֲשָׂרֹֽת׃‘ă·śā·rōṯ — The number ten; a complete group or setH6235 — Full Word Study →. 26And they judgedוְשָׁפְט֥וּwə·šā·p̄ə·ṭū — to judge, govern, or execute justiceH8199 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָ֖םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → at allבְּכָל־bə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → timesעֵ֑ת‘êṯ — Time, season, or appointed momentH6256 — Full Word Study →; they would bringיְבִיא֣וּןyə·ḇî·’ūn — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → the difficultהַקָּשֶׁה֙haq·qā·šeh — Hard, severe, stubborn, unyieldingH7186 — Full Word Study → casesהַדָּבָ֤רhad·dā·ḇār — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Mosesמֹשֶׁ֔הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study →, but anyוְכָל־wə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → minorהַקָּטֹ֖ןhaq·qā·ṭōn — Small, little, least, or young in size, number, age, or importanceH6996 — Full Word Study → issueהַדָּבָ֥רhad·dā·ḇār — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → they would judgeיִשְׁפּוּט֥וּyiš·pū·ṭū — to judge, govern, or execute justiceH8199 — Full Word Study → themselvesהֵֽם׃hêm — They, them (masculine plural pronoun)H1992 — Full Word Study →. 27Then Mosesמֹשֶׁ֖הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → sentוַיְשַׁלַּ֥חway·šal·laḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → his father-in-law on his way, and Jethro returned toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → his own landאַרְצֽוֹ׃פ’ar·ṣōw — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →.
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Chapter Commentary — Exodus 18
Chapter Overview

Overview

Exodus 18 records a pivotal moment when Moses' father-in-law, Jethro, visits the Israelite camp and witnesses the overwhelming burden Moses carries as the sole judge and mediator for over a million people. Recognizing that this unsustainable workload will exhaust both Moses and the people, Jethro offers wise counsel: establish a system of delegated leadership with trustworthy men at various levels to handle smaller disputes, while Moses reserves his energy for the most significant matters and for interceding before God. This chapter demonstrates the biblical principle of wise delegation and the importance of shared leadership responsibility in God's work.

Verses 1–5: Jethro's Journey to Moses

The chapter opens by explaining that Jethro, the priest of Midian and Moses' father-in-law, learns of God's mighty acts on behalf of Israel and decides to visit Moses in the wilderness. He brings with him Zipporah (Moses' wife, whom Moses had apparently sent back to her father's house during the difficult journey) and their two sons, Gershom and Eliezer. The names of these sons carry spiritual significance: Gershom means "a stranger there," reflecting Moses' sense of exile (Exodus 2:22), while Eliezer means "God is my help," acknowledging divine deliverance from Pharaoh's sword. This reunion shows that even in the midst of leading a nation, Moses' family relationships remained important and were being restored.

Verses 6–12: Jethro's Arrival and Worship

When Jethro arrives at the camp near Mount Sinai, Moses greets him with respect and affection, kissing him and inquiring after his welfare (verse 7)—a picture of genuine family love. Moses then recounts all that the Lord has done: the plagues upon Egypt, the deliverance of Israel, and the trials endured along the way. Jethro's response is remarkable (verses 9–11): he rejoices and declares, "Now I know that the LORD is greater than all gods." This is a confession of faith—a Midianite priest recognizing the supremacy of Israel's God. Jethro's acknowledgment of God's greatness in humbling the prideful Egyptian gods (verse 11) shows that the exodus was not merely for Israel's benefit but served as a testimony to the nations. His response culminates in offering sacrifices and sharing a meal of worship with Aaron and Israel's elders (verse 12), demonstrating genuine conversion and participation in God's covenant people.

Verses 13–18: The Problem Identified

The next day, Jethro observes Moses sitting alone as judge while crowds of Israelites wait from morning until evening for his decisions. Sensing the problem immediately, Jethro asks Moses why he carries this enormous burden solo (verse 14). Moses explains that the people come seeking God's judgment through him—he is both their counselor and their mediator (verses 15–16). Though Moses' motivation is noble, Jethro perceives the flaw: this approach is unsustainable and will lead to burnout for Moses and frustration for the people.

Verses 19–23: Jethro's Wise Counsel

Jethro's solution is practical wisdom grounded in faith. He counsels Moses to maintain his primary role as the people's mediator before God and teacher of God's laws (verses 19–20), but to delegate the routine judicial work to qualified men—those who fear God, love truth, and hate dishonest gain (verse 21). He proposes a hierarchical structure: rulers of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens, each handling disputes at their respective level, bringing only major cases to Moses (verse 22). Jethro assures Moses that if he implements this plan, God will sustain him and the people will reach their destination in peace (verse 23).

Verses 24–27: Implementation and Departure

Moses humbly accepts Jethro's counsel—a mark of his spiritual maturity—and implements the entire system (verses 24–25). The structure proves effective: minor matters are resolved locally, and only complex cases reach Moses (verse 26). Having delivered his counsel, Jethro departs for his own land (verse 27).

Application for Today

This passage teaches that accepting wise counsel and delegating responsibility is not weakness but stewardship. Christian leaders—in churches, ministries, and families—must recognize their limits and empower others. Effective leadership requires identifying trustworthy people, training them, and trusting God to work through a team rather than one person. Just as Moses' delegation freed him for prayer and major decisions, wise delegation frees leaders to focus on their highest calling.

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