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Exodus 22

BSB·31 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1Ifכִּ֤יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → a manאִישׁ֙’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → stealsיִגְנֹֽב־yiḡ·nōḇ- — to steal; to take secretly or by stealthH1589 — Full Word Study → an oxשׁ֣וֹרšō·wr — Ox, bull, or cattleH7794 — Full Word Study → orאוֹ־’ōw- — or, whether; also expressing desire or preferenceH176 — Full Word Study → a sheepשֶׂ֔הśeh — A small domesticated quadruped, sheep or lambH7716 — Full Word Study → and slaughtersוּטְבָח֖וֹū·ṭə·ḇā·ḥōw — to slaughter or butcher; to killH2873 — Full Word Study → orא֣וֹ’ōw — or, whether; also expressing desire or preferenceH176 — Full Word Study → sells itמְכָר֑וֹmə·ḵā·rōw — to sell; to exchange for paymentH4376 — Full Word Study →, he must repayיְשַׁלֵּם֙yə·šal·lêm — to complete, make peace, repayH7999 — Full Word Study → fiveחֲמִשָּׁ֣הḥă·miš·šāh — The number five; a set of five unitsH2568 — Full Word Study → oxenבָקָ֗רḇā·qār — cattle, herd, ox, bovine livestockH1241 — Full Word Study → forתַּ֣חַתta·ḥaṯ — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study → an oxהַשּׁ֔וֹרhaš·šō·wr — Ox, bull, or cattleH7794 — Full Word Study → and fourוְאַרְבַּע־wə·’ar·ba‘- — The number four; a group of fourH702 — Full Word Study → sheepהַשֶּֽׂה׃haś·śeh — A small domesticated quadruped, sheep or lambH7716 — Full Word Study → for a sheepצֹ֖אןṣōn — flock of sheep or goatsH6629 — Full Word Study →. 2Ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → a thiefהַגַּנָּ֖בhag·gan·nāḇ — thief; one who stealsH1590 — Full Word Study → is caughtיִמָּצֵ֥אyim·mā·ṣê — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study → breaking inבַּמַּחְתֶּ֛רֶתbam·maḥ·te·reṯ — Breaking through, breaching, or secret diggingH4290 — Full Word Study → and is beatenוְהֻכָּ֣הwə·huk·kāh — To strike, smite, or defeat with forceH5221 — Full Word Study → to deathוָמֵ֑תwā·mêṯ — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study →, no oneאֵ֥ין’ên — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study → shall be guilty of bloodshedדָּמִֽים׃dā·mîm — blood; life force; bloodshed; guiltH1818 — Full Word Study →. 3But ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → it happens after sunriseזָרְחָ֥הzā·rə·ḥāh — to rise, shine forth, break outH2224 — Full Word Study →, there is guilt for his bloodshedדָּמִ֣יםdā·mîm — blood; life force; bloodshed; guiltH1818 — Full Word Study →. A thief must make full restitutionשַׁלֵּ֣םšal·lêm — to complete, make peace, repayH7999 — Full Word Study →; ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → he has nothingאֵ֣ין’ên — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study →, he himself shall be soldוְנִמְכַּ֖רwə·nim·kar — to sell; to exchange for paymentH4376 — Full Word Study → for his theftבִּגְנֵבָתֽוֹ׃biḡ·nê·ḇā·ṯōw — theft, stolen goods, the act of stealingH1591 — Full Word Study →. 4If what was stolenאִֽם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → is actually foundהִמָּצֵא֩him·mā·ṣê — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study → aliveחַיִּ֑יםḥay·yîm — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study → in his possessionבְיָד֜וֹḇə·yā·ḏōw — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study →whether oxמִשּׁ֧וֹרmiš·šō·wr — Ox, bull, or cattleH7794 — Full Word Study → orעַד־‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → donkeyחֲמ֛וֹרḥă·mō·wr — donkey; beast of burdenH2543 — Full Word Study → orעַד־‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → sheepשֶׂ֖הśeh — A small domesticated quadruped, sheep or lambH7716 — Full Word Study →he must pay backיְשַׁלֵּֽם׃סyə·šal·lêm — to complete, make peace, repayH7999 — Full Word Study → doubleשְׁנַ֖יִםšə·na·yim — The number two; a pair or coupleH8147 — Full Word Study →. 5Ifכִּ֤יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → a manאִישׁ֙’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → grazes his livestockיַבְעֶר־yaḇ·‘er- — to burn, consume, or act brutishlyH1197 — Full Word Study → in a fieldשָׂדֶ֣הśā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study → orאוֹ־’ōw- — or, whether; also expressing desire or preferenceH176 — Full Word Study → vineyardכֶ֔רֶםḵe·rem — Vineyard; a planted garden of grapevinesH3754 — Full Word Study → and allows themבְּעִירֹהbə·ʿī·rōh — livestock, cattle, beasts of burdenH1165 — Full Word Study → to strayוְשִׁלַּח֙wə·šil·laḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → so that they grazeוּבִעֵ֖רū·ḇi·‘êr — to burn, consume, or act brutishlyH1197 — Full Word Study → in someone else’sאַחֵ֑ר’a·ḥêr — another, different, or following person or thingH312 — Full Word Study → fieldבִּשְׂדֵ֣הbiś·ḏêh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study →, he must make restitutionיְשַׁלֵּֽם׃סyə·šal·lêm — to complete, make peace, repayH7999 — Full Word Study → from the bestמֵיטַ֥בmê·ṭaḇ — the best, finest qualityH4315 — Full Word Study → of his own fieldשָׂדֵ֛הוּśā·ḏê·hū — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study → or vineyardכַּרְמ֖וֹkar·mōw — Vineyard; a planted garden of grapevinesH3754 — Full Word Study →. 6Ifכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → a fireאֵ֜שׁ’êš — Fire; flame; burningH784 — Full Word Study → breaks outתֵצֵ֨אṯê·ṣê — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → and spreadsוּמָצְאָ֤הū·mā·ṣə·’āh — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study → to thornbushesקֹצִים֙qō·ṣîm — thorn, prickly plantH6975 — Full Word Study → so that it consumesוְנֶאֱכַ֣לwə·ne·’ĕ·ḵal — to eat, consume, devourH398 — Full Word Study → stackedגָּדִ֔ישׁgā·ḏîš — A shock (stack) of grain; a tomb or graveH1430 — Full Word Study → orא֥וֹ’ōw — or, whether; also expressing desire or preferenceH176 — Full Word Study → standing grainהַקָּמָ֖הhaq·qā·māh — standing grain, growing cropH7054 — Full Word Study →, orא֣וֹ’ōw — or, whether; also expressing desire or preferenceH176 — Full Word Study → the whole fieldהַשָּׂדֶ֑הhaś·śā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study →, the one who startedהַמַּבְעִ֖רham·maḇ·‘ir — to burn, consume, or act brutishlyH1197 — Full Word Study → the fireהַבְּעֵרָֽה׃סhab·bə·‘ê·rāh — fire, burning flameH1200 — Full Word Study → must make full restitutionשַׁלֵּ֣םšal·lêm — to complete, make peace, repayH7999 — Full Word Study →. 7Ifכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → a manאִ֨ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → givesיִתֵּן֩yit·tên — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → his neighborרֵעֵ֜הוּrê·‘ê·hū — neighbor, friend, companion, associateH7453 — Full Word Study → moneyכֶּ֤סֶףke·sep̄ — Silver; money; price; valueH3701 — Full Word Study → orאֽוֹ־’ōw- — or, whether; also expressing desire or preferenceH176 — Full Word Study → goodsכֵלִים֙ḵê·lîm — vessel, instrument, or article of useH3627 — Full Word Study → for safekeepingלִשְׁמֹ֔רliš·mōr — To guard, keep, observe, preserveH8104 — Full Word Study → and they are stolenוְגֻנַּ֖בwə·ḡun·naḇ — to steal; to take secretly or by stealthH1589 — Full Word Study → from the neighbor’sהָאִ֑ישׁhā·’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → houseמִבֵּ֣יתmib·bêṯ — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study →, the thiefהַגַּנָּ֖בhag·gan·nāḇ — thief; one who stealsH1590 — Full Word Study →, ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → caughtיִמָּצֵ֥אyim·mā·ṣê — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study →, must pay backיְשַׁלֵּ֥םyə·šal·lêm — to complete, make peace, repayH7999 — Full Word Study → doubleשְׁנָֽיִם׃šə·nā·yim — The number two; a pair or coupleH8147 — Full Word Study →. 8Ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → the thiefהַגַּנָּ֔בhag·gan·nāḇ — thief; one who stealsH1590 — Full Word Study → is notלֹ֤אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → foundיִמָּצֵא֙yim·mā·ṣê — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study →, the ownerבַּֽעַל־ba·‘al- — Master, owner, lord, husbandH1167 — Full Word Study → of the houseהַבַּ֖יִתhab·ba·yiṯ — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study → must appearוְנִקְרַ֥בwə·niq·raḇ — to approach, draw near, come forwardH7126 — Full Word Study → beforeאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the judgesהָֽאֱלֹהִ֑יםhā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → to determine whetherאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → he has takenשָׁלַ֛חšā·laḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → his neighbor’sרֵעֵֽהוּ׃rê·‘ê·hū — neighbor, friend, companion, associateH7453 — Full Word Study → propertyבִּמְלֶ֥אכֶתbim·le·ḵeṯ — Work, labor, occupation; manufactured goods or craftH4399 — Full Word Study →. 9Inעַֽל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → casesדְּבַר־də·ḇar- — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → of illegal possessionפֶּ֡שַׁעpe·ša‘ — Willful rebellion or transgression against God's lawH6588 — Full Word Study → ofעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → an oxשׁ֡וֹרšō·wr — Ox, bull, or cattleH7794 — Full Word Study →, a donkeyחֲ֠מוֹרḥă·mō·wr — donkey; beast of burdenH2543 — Full Word Study →, a sheepשֶׂ֨הśeh — A small domesticated quadruped, sheep or lambH7716 — Full Word Study →, a garmentשַׂלְמָ֜הśal·māh — Outer garment; cloak or robeH8008 — Full Word Study →, or anyכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → lost itemאֲבֵדָ֗ה’ă·ḇê·ḏāh — Something lost or ruined; loss, destructionH9 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁ֤ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → someone claimsיֹאמַר֙yō·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, ‘Thisזֶ֔הzeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study → is mineה֣וּאhū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study →,’ both partiesשְׁנֵיהֶ֑םšə·nê·hem — The number two; a pair or coupleH8147 — Full Word Study → shall bringיָבֹ֖אyā·ḇō — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → their casesדְּבַר־də·ḇar- — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → beforeעַ֚ד‘aḏ — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → the judgesהָֽאֱלֹהִ֔יםhā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →. The one whom the judgesאֱלֹהִ֔ים’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → find guiltyיַרְשִׁיעֻן֙yar·šî·‘un — To act wickedly; condemn as guiltyH7561 — Full Word Study → must pay backיְשַׁלֵּ֥םyə·šal·lêm — to complete, make peace, repayH7999 — Full Word Study → doubleשְׁנַ֖יִםšə·na·yim — The number two; a pair or coupleH8147 — Full Word Study → to his neighborלְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃סlə·rê·‘ê·hū — neighbor, friend, companion, associateH7453 — Full Word Study →. 10Ifכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → a manאִ֨ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → givesיִתֵּן֩yit·tên — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → a donkeyחֲמ֨וֹרḥă·mō·wr — donkey; beast of burdenH2543 — Full Word Study →, an oxשׁ֥וֹרšō·wr — Ox, bull, or cattleH7794 — Full Word Study →, a sheepשֶׂ֛הśeh — A small domesticated quadruped, sheep or lambH7716 — Full Word Study →, or anyוְכָל־wə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → other animalבְּהֵמָ֖הbə·hê·māh — Animal, beast, livestockH929 — Full Word Study → to be cared forלִשְׁמֹ֑רliš·mōr — To guard, keep, observe, preserveH8104 — Full Word Study → by his neighborרֵעֵ֜הוּrê·‘ê·hū — neighbor, friend, companion, associateH7453 — Full Word Study →, but it diesוּמֵ֛תū·mêṯ — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study → orאוֹ־’ōw- — or, whether; also expressing desire or preferenceH176 — Full Word Study → is injuredנִשְׁבַּ֥רniš·bar — to break, shatter, crushH7665 — Full Word Study → orאוֹ־’ōw- — or, whether; also expressing desire or preferenceH176 — Full Word Study → stolenנִשְׁבָּ֖הniš·bāh — To take captive; to seize and carry awayH7617 — Full Word Study → while noאֵ֥ין’ên — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study → one is watchingרֹאֶֽה׃rō·’eh — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study →, 11an oathשְׁבֻעַ֣תšə·ḇu·‘aṯ — Oath, sworn vow, or curseH7621 — Full Word Study → before the LORDיְהוָ֗הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → shall be madeתִּהְיֶה֙tih·yeh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → betweenבֵּ֣יןbên — between, among, in the midst ofH996 — Full Word Study → the partiesשְׁנֵיהֶ֔םšə·nê·hem — The number two; a pair or coupleH8147 — Full Word Study → to determine whetherאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → or notלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → the man has takenשָׁלַ֛חšā·laḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → his neighbor’sרֵעֵ֑הוּrê·‘ê·hū — neighbor, friend, companion, associateH7453 — Full Word Study → propertyבִּמְלֶ֣אכֶתbim·le·ḵeṯ — Work, labor, occupation; manufactured goods or craftH4399 — Full Word Study →. The ownerבְּעָלָ֖יוbə·‘ā·lāw — Master, owner, lord, husbandH1167 — Full Word Study → must accept the oath and require noוְלֹ֥אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → restitutionיְשַׁלֵּֽם׃yə·šal·lêm — to complete, make peace, repayH7999 — Full Word Study →. 12But ifוְאִם־wə·’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → the animal was actually stolenיִגָּנֵ֖בyig·gā·nêḇ — to steal; to take secretly or by stealthH1589 — Full Word Study → from the neighbor, he must make restitutionיְשַׁלֵּ֖םyə·šal·lêm — to complete, make peace, repayH7999 — Full Word Study → to the ownerלִבְעָלָֽיו׃liḇ·‘ā·lāw — Master, owner, lord, husbandH1167 — Full Word Study →. 13Ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → the animal was torn to pieces, he shall bringיְבִאֵ֣הוּyə·ḇi·’ê·hū — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → it as evidenceעֵ֑ד‘êḏ — A person who testifies or bears witnessH5707 — Full Word Study →; he need notלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → make restitutionיְשַׁלֵּֽם׃פyə·šal·lêm — to complete, make peace, repayH7999 — Full Word Study → for the torn carcassהַטְּרֵפָ֖הhaṭ·ṭə·rê·p̄āh — Flesh torn by beasts; carrionH2966 — Full Word Study →. 14Ifוְכִֽי־wə·ḵî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → a manאִ֛ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → borrowsיִשְׁאַ֥לyiš·’al — to ask, request, inquire, or demandH7592 — Full Word Study → an animal from his neighborרֵעֵ֖הוּrê·‘ê·hū — neighbor, friend, companion, associateH7453 — Full Word Study → and it is injuredוְנִשְׁבַּ֣רwə·niš·bar — to break, shatter, crushH7665 — Full Word Study → orאוֹ־’ōw- — or, whether; also expressing desire or preferenceH176 — Full Word Study → diesמֵ֑תmêṯ — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study → while its ownerבְּעָלָ֥יוbə·‘ā·lāw — Master, owner, lord, husbandH1167 — Full Word Study → is notאֵין־’ên- — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study → presentעִמּ֖וֹ‘im·mōw — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study →, he must make full restitutionשַׁלֵּ֥םšal·lêm — to complete, make peace, repayH7999 — Full Word Study →. 15Ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → the ownerבְּעָלָ֥יוbə·‘ā·lāw — Master, owner, lord, husbandH1167 — Full Word Study → was presentעִמּ֖וֹ‘im·mōw — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study →, noלֹ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → restitution is requiredיְשַׁלֵּ֑םyə·šal·lêm — to complete, make peace, repayH7999 — Full Word Study →. Ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → the animal was rentedשָׂכִ֣ירśā·ḵîr — hired worker; one employed for wagesH7916 — Full Word Study →, the fee covers the lossבִּשְׂכָרֽוֹ׃סbiś·ḵā·rōw — wages, payment, compensation for laborH7939 — Full Word Study →. 16Ifוְכִֽי־wə·ḵî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → a manאִ֗ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → seducesיְפַתֶּ֣הyə·p̄at·teh — To open, enlarge, or deceive; to entice or seduceH6601 — Full Word Study → a virginבְּתוּלָ֛הbə·ṯū·lāh — A young woman or virgin; an unmarried girlH1330 — Full Word Study → whoאֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → is notלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → pledged in marriageאֹרָ֖שָׂה’ō·rā·śāh — to betroth, pledge in marriageH781 — Full Word Study → and sleepsוְשָׁכַ֣בwə·šā·ḵaḇ — to lie down, recline, sleepH7901 — Full Word Study → with herעִמָּ֑הּ‘im·māh — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study →, he must pay the full dowryמָהֹ֛רmā·hōr — to hasten, hurry; to pay bride-priceH4117 — Full Word Study → for her to be his wifeלְאִשָּֽׁה׃lə·’iš·šāh — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study →. 17Ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → her fatherאָבִ֖יהָ’ā·ḇî·hā — H1 — Full Word Study → absolutely refusesמָאֵ֧ןmā·’ên — To refuse, reject, or withhold consentH3985 — Full Word Study → to give herלְתִתָּ֣הּlə·ṯit·tāh — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → to him, the man still must pay an amount comparableכֶּ֣סֶףke·sep̄ — Silver; money; price; valueH3701 — Full Word Study → to the bridal priceכְּמֹ֖הַרkə·mō·har — bride-price; payment for a brideH4119 — Full Word Study → of a virginהַבְּתוּלֹֽת׃סhab·bə·ṯū·lōṯ — A young woman or virgin; an unmarried girlH1330 — Full Word Study →. 18You must notלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → allow a sorceressמְכַשֵּׁפָ֖הmə·ḵaš·šê·p̄āh — to practice sorcery or witchcraftH3784 — Full Word Study → to liveתְחַיֶּֽה׃סṯə·ḥay·yeh — To live, to preserve alive, to give lifeH2421 — Full Word Study →. 19Whoeverכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → liesשֹׁכֵ֥בšō·ḵêḇ — to lie down, recline, sleepH7901 — Full Word Study → withעִם־‘im- — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → an animalבְּהֵמָ֖הbə·hê·māh — Animal, beast, livestockH929 — Full Word Study → must surely be put to deathמ֥וֹתmō·wṯ — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study →. 20If anyone sacrifices to any godלָאֱלֹהִ֖יםlā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → other thanבִּלְתִּ֥יbil·tî — without, except, lest, or nothing butH1115 — Full Word Study → the LORDלַיהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → aloneלְבַדּֽוֹ׃lə·ḇad·dōw — alone, apart, or bar/poleH905 — Full Word Study →, he must be set apart for destructionיָֽחֳרָ֑םyā·ḥo·rām — to devote to destruction; to consecrate by destructionH2763 — Full Word Study →. 21You must notלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → exploitתוֹנֶ֖הṯō·w·neh — To oppress, crush, or treat violentlyH3238 — Full Word Study → orוְלֹ֣אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → oppressתִלְחָצֶ֑נּוּṯil·ḥā·ṣen·nū — to press, oppress, or crush with forceH3905 — Full Word Study → a foreign residentוְגֵ֥רwə·ḡêr — Resident alien; temporary inhabitant without full citizenship rightsH1616 — Full Word Study →, forכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → you yourselves were foreignersגֵרִ֥יםḡê·rîm — Resident alien; temporary inhabitant without full citizenship rightsH1616 — Full Word Study → in the landבְּאֶ֥רֶץbə·’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃miṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →. 22You must notלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → mistreatתְעַנּֽוּן׃ṯə·‘an·nūn — To afflict, humble, or oppress; to treat harshlyH6031 — Full Word Study → anyכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → widowאַלְמָנָ֥ה’al·mā·nāh — A woman whose husband has died; widowH490 — Full Word Study → or orphanוְיָת֖וֹםwə·yā·ṯō·wm — A child without a father; an orphanH3490 — Full Word Study →. 23Ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → you do mistreat themעַנֵּ֥ה‘an·nêh — To afflict, humble, or oppress; to treat harshlyH6031 — Full Word Study →, and they cry out to Meאֵלַ֔י’ê·lay — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → in distressיִצְעַק֙yiṣ·‘aq — to cry out, call for help, shriekH6817 — Full Word Study →, I will surely hearשָׁמֹ֥עַšā·mō·a‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → their cryצַעֲקָתֽוֹ׃ṣa·‘ă·qā·ṯōw — A cry or outcry; a call for helpH6818 — Full Word Study →. 24My angerאַפִּ֔י’ap·pî — Anger, wrath, face, or noseH639 — Full Word Study → will be kindledוְחָרָ֣הwə·ḥā·rāh — to burn with anger, become incensedH2734 — Full Word Study →, and I will killוְהָרַגְתִּ֥יwə·hā·raḡ·tî — To kill, slay, or murderH2026 — Full Word Study → youאֶתְכֶ֖ם’eṯ·ḵem — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → with the swordבֶּחָ֑רֶבbe·ḥā·reḇ — sword; blade weaponH2719 — Full Word Study →; then your wivesנְשֵׁיכֶם֙nə·šê·ḵem — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study → will becomeוְהָי֤וּwə·hā·yū — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → widowsאַלְמָנ֔וֹת’al·mā·nō·wṯ — A woman whose husband has died; widowH490 — Full Word Study → and your childrenוּבְנֵיכֶ֖םū·ḇə·nê·ḵem — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → will be fatherless. 25Ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → you lendתַּלְוֶ֣הtal·weh — To join, unite, or borrow; to cleave togetherH3867 — Full Word Study → moneyכֶּ֣סֶף׀ke·sep̄ — Silver; money; price; valueH3701 — Full Word Study → to one of My people among youעִמָּ֔ךְ‘im·māḵ — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → who is poor, you must notלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → actתִהְיֶ֥הṯih·yeh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → as a creditorכְּנֹשֶׁ֑הkə·nō·šeh — to lend; to creditor or usurerH5383 — Full Word Study → to him; you are not to chargeתְשִׂימ֥וּןṯə·śî·mūn — to put, place, set, appointH7760 — Full Word Study → himעָלָ֖יו‘ā·lāw — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → interestנֶֽשֶׁךְ׃ne·šeḵ — Interest charged on a loan; usuryH5392 — Full Word Study →. 26Ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → you take your neighbor’sרֵעֶ֑ךָrê·‘e·ḵā — neighbor, friend, companion, associateH7453 — Full Word Study → cloakשַׂלְמַ֣תśal·maṯ — Outer garment; cloak or robeH8008 — Full Word Study → as collateralחָבֹ֥לḥā·ḇōl — to bind, pledge, or destroyH2254 — Full Word Study →, return itתְּשִׁיבֶ֥נּוּtə·šî·ḇen·nū — to turn back, return, restoreH7725 — Full Word Study → to him byעַד־‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → sunsetבֹּ֥אbō — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study →, 27becauseכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → his cloak is the onlyלְבַדָּ֔הּlə·ḇad·dāh — alone, apart, or bar/poleH905 — Full Word Study → coveringכְסוּתָהḵə·sū·ṯå̄h — covering, garment, clothingH3682 — Full Word Study → he hasהִ֥ואhî — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → for his bodyלְעֹר֑וֹlə·‘ō·rōw — Skin, hide, leather coveringH5785 — Full Word Study →. What elseבַּמֶּ֣הbam·meh — What? Why? How? (interrogative particle)H4100 — Full Word Study → will he sleep inיִשְׁכָּ֔בyiš·kāḇ — to lie down, recline, sleepH7901 — Full Word Study →? And ifכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → he cries outיִצְעַ֣קyiṣ·‘aq — to cry out, call for help, shriekH6817 — Full Word Study → to Meאֵלַ֔י’ê·lay — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study →, I will hearוְשָׁמַעְתִּ֖יwə·šā·ma‘·tî — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study →, forכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → Iאָֽנִי׃ס’ā·nî — I, me, myself (first person singular pronoun)H589 — Full Word Study → am compassionateחַנּ֥וּןḥan·nūn — gracious, merciful, compassionateH2587 — Full Word Study →. 28You must notלֹ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → blasphemeתְקַלֵּ֑לṯə·qal·lêl — to make light; to curse; to despiseH7043 — Full Word Study → Godאֱלֹהִ֖ים’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → or curseתָאֹֽר׃ṯā·’ōr — to curse bitterly; to execrateH779 — Full Word Study → the rulerוְנָשִׂ֥יאwə·nā·śî — Prince, ruler, or leader of exalted statusH5387 — Full Word Study → of your peopleבְעַמְּךָ֖ḇə·‘am·mə·ḵā — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →. 29You must notלֹ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → hold backתְאַחֵ֑רṯə·’a·ḥêr — to delay, tarry, or postpone actionH309 — Full Word Study → offerings from your granaries or vatsוְדִמְעֲךָ֖wə·ḏim·‘ă·ḵā — juice or liquid extract from fruit or plantsH1831 — Full Word Study →. You are to giveתִּתֶּן־tit·ten- — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → Me the firstbornבְּכ֥וֹרbə·ḵō·wr — firstborn son; first offspring; heirH1060 — Full Word Study → of your sonsבָּנֶ֖יךָbā·ne·ḵā — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study →. 30You shall doתַּעֲשֶׂ֥הta·‘ă·śeh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → likewiseכֵּֽן־kên- — so, thus, rightly, thereforeH3651 — Full Word Study → with your cattleלְשֹׁרְךָ֖lə·šō·rə·ḵā — Ox, bull, or cattleH7794 — Full Word Study → and your sheepלְצֹאנֶ֑ךָlə·ṣō·ne·ḵā — flock of sheep or goatsH6629 — Full Word Study →. Let them stayיִהְיֶ֣הyih·yeh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → withעִם־‘im- — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → their mothersאִמּ֔וֹ’im·mōw — mother; female parentH517 — Full Word Study → for sevenשִׁבְעַ֤תšiḇ·‘aṯ — The number seven; sevenfoldH7651 — Full Word Study → daysיָמִים֙yā·mîm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study →, but on the eighthהַשְּׁמִינִ֖יhaš·šə·mî·nî — eighth; ordinal numeral indicating position in sequenceH8066 — Full Word Study → dayבַּיּ֥וֹםbay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → you are to give themתִּתְּנוֹ־tit·tə·nōw- — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → to Me. 31You are to beתִּהְי֣וּןtih·yūn — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → My holyקֹ֖דֶשׁqō·ḏeš — Holiness, sacred, consecrated, set apartH6944 — Full Word Study → peopleוְאַנְשֵׁי־wə·’an·šê- — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study →. You must notלֹ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → eatתֹאכֵ֔לוּṯō·ḵê·lū — to eat, consume, devourH398 — Full Word Study → the meatוּבָשָׂ֨רū·ḇā·śār — Flesh; body; meat; human natureH1320 — Full Word Study → of a mauled animalטְרֵפָה֙ṭə·rê·p̄āh — Flesh torn by beasts; carrionH2966 — Full Word Study → found in the fieldבַּשָּׂדֶ֤הbaś·śā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study →; you are to throwתַּשְׁלִכ֥וּןtaš·li·ḵūn — to throw, cast, or hurlH7993 — Full Word Study → itאֹתֽוֹ׃ס’ō·ṯōw — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → to the dogsלַכֶּ֖לֶבlak·ke·leḇ — Dog; unclean animal used as insult or metaphorH3611 — Full Word Study →.
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Chapter Commentary — Exodus 22
Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview

Exodus 22 continues the detailed civil and ceremonial laws revealed by God at Mount Sinai, focusing on restitution for theft and damage, the protection of vulnerable people, and the proper ordering of worship. These laws establish God's character as both just (requiring fair compensation) and merciful (protecting the poor and defenseless). While many of these specific regulations were cultural applications for ancient Israel, they reveal timeless principles about honesty, accountability, compassion, and the supremacy of God in all aspects of life.

Verses 1-5: Restitution for Theft and Property Damage

The opening verses establish a graduated system of restitution. If a thief kills or sells a stolen animal, he must repay multiple animals (five oxen for one ox, four sheep for one sheep)—demonstrating that deliberate destruction carries greater penalty than mere recovery of the item. Verses 2-3 address self-defense: a homeowner who kills a nighttime intruder bears no guilt, but killing a daytime intruder—when identification is possible—constitutes bloodguilt. The principle is clear: the seriousness of the offense determines the severity of the penalty. Verse 4 stipulates that if stolen livestock is found alive in the thief's possession, he restores double. Verse 5 addresses agricultural damage: if someone's beast eats crops in another's field, restitution must come from the offender's own best produce—the offender bears the loss.

Application: God values justice and honest compensation. Christians should embrace integrity in all dealings and willingly make right what we have damaged or taken.

Verses 6-9: Responsibility and Legal Judgment

Verse 6 holds a person accountable if fire he starts spreads to destroy another's crops or fields. Verses 7-9 address disputes over property entrusted to another's care or claimed by multiple parties. If goods are stolen from a caretaker's house, the caretaker must pay double (v. 7). If the thief cannot be found, the householder must appear before judges to prove his innocence by oath (v. 8). The judges—Israel's civic and religious leaders—determine guilt or innocence in property disputes, and the guilty party pays double restitution (v. 9). This reflects God's design for fair, public adjudication of disputes rather than private revenge.

Application: Accountability matters. We should pursue justice through proper channels and accept judgment graciously.

Verses 10-15: Liability for Borrowed or Entrusted Animals

These verses distinguish between different scenarios of animal care. If an animal dies, is injured, or is lost while in a caretaker's custody without witnesses, the caretaker swears an oath before God that he did not misappropriate it (vv. 10-11)—the owner must accept this oath. However, if the animal is stolen, the caretaker must make restitution (v. 12). If the animal is torn apart, bringing the remains as evidence exempts the caretaker from payment (v. 13). Verses 14-15 clarify that a borrower (versus a caretaker) must replace a damaged or dead animal unless the owner was present. If the animal was hired, the damage is covered by the rental fee.

Application: Those entrusted with others' possessions bear responsibility proportionate to their control and knowledge. Honesty and integrity in small matters build trust.

Verses 16-20: Sexual Ethics, Witchcraft, and False Worship

Verse 16 requires a man who seduces an unbetrothed young woman to marry her and provide a dowry; verse 17 allows her father to refuse, requiring monetary compensation instead. Verse 18 declares witchcraft incompatible with Israel's covenant faith. Verses 19-20 forbid bestiality and sacrifice to false gods—both violations of God's exclusive claim on His people. These laws prioritize sexual purity, exclusive worship of the true God, and protection of vulnerable women.

Verses 21-31: Protection of the Vulnerable and Proper Worship

The chapter concludes with stunning pastoral concern. Strangers, widows, and fatherless children must not be vexed or oppressed (vv. 21-22). God personally champions their cause: He promises to hear their cry and execute judgment (vv. 23-24). Israelites must not charge usury to poor neighbors (v. 25) and must return pledged garments by sunset so the poor can sleep warm (vv. 26-27). Verses 28-31 forbid reviling God or rulers, command prompt offering of firstfruits, and require a seven-day waiting period before dedicating firstborn animals. The chapter ends with the call to holiness and separation from defiled flesh (v. 31).

Application: God's heart for the vulnerable should shape our generosity and justice. Let us give promptly, guard the poor from exploitation, and honor God with our first and best.

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