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Exodus 20

BSB·26 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1And Godאֱלֹהִ֔ים’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → spokeוַיְדַבֵּ֣רway·ḏab·bêr — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → theseהָאֵ֖לֶּהhā·’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → wordsהַדְּבָרִ֥יםhad·də·ḇā·rîm — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study →: 2Iאָֽנֹכִ֖י֙’ā·nō·ḵî — I, myself (first-person singular pronoun)H595 — Full Word Study → am the LORDיְהוָ֣הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → your Godאֱלֹהֶ֑֔יךָ’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →, whoאֲשֶׁ֧ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → brought you outהוֹצֵאתִ֛יךָhō·w·ṣê·ṯî·ḵā — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → of the landמֵאֶ֥רֶץmê·’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִצְרַ֖יִםmiṣ·ra·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →, out of the houseמִבֵּ֣֥יתmib·bêṯ — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study → of slaveryעֲבָדִיֽ֑ם׃ʿă·ḇå̄·ḏīm — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study →. 3You shall haveיִהְיֶֽה־yih·yeh- — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → noלֹֽ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → otherאֲחֵרִ֖֜ים’ă·ḥê·rîm — another, different, or following person or thingH312 — Full Word Study → godsאֱלֹהִ֥֨ים’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → beforeעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → Meפָּנָֽ֗יַ׃på̄·nå̄·ya — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study →. 4You shall not makeתַֽעֲשֶׂ֨ה־ṯa·‘ă·śeh- — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → for yourself an idolפֶ֣֙סֶל֙׀p̄ɛ·sɛl — Carved idol or graven imageH6459 — Full Word Study → in the formוְכָל־wə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → of anythingתְּמוּנָ֡֔הtə·mū·nāh — Visual form, likeness, appearanceH8544 — Full Word Study → in the heavensבַּשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙׀baš·šå̄·ma·yim — The heavens; sky; dwelling place of GodH8064 — Full Word Study → aboveמִמַּ֡֔עַלmim·ma·‘al — Above, over, upward; superiority in place or rankH4605 — Full Word Study →, on the earthבָּאָ֖֨רֶץbā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → belowמִתַָּ֑֜חַתmit·tå̄·ḥaṯ — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study →, or in the watersבַּמַּ֖֣יִם׀bam·ma·yim — Water; liquid; fluidsH4325 — Full Word Study → beneathמִתַּ֥֣חַתmit·ta·ḥaṯ — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study →. 5You shall notלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → bow downתִשְׁתַּחְוֶ֥֣הṯiš·taḥ·wɛh — To bow down; to worship or show reverenceH7812 — Full Word Study → to them orוְלֹ֣אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → worship themתָעָבְדֵ֑ם֒ṯā·‘ā·ḇə·ḏêm — to serve, labor, workH5647 — Full Word Study →; forכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → Iאָֽנֹכִ֞י’ā·nō·ḵî — I, myself (first-person singular pronoun)H595 — Full Word Study →, the LORDיְהוָ֤הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → your Godאֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →, am a jealousקַנָּ֔אqan·nā — Jealous, ZealousH7067 — Full Word Study → Godאֵ֣ל’êl — God, Mighty OneH410 — Full Word Study →, visitingפֹּ֠קֵדpō·qêḏ — to visit, oversee, appoint, care forH6485 — Full Word Study → the iniquityעֲוֺ֨ן‘ă·wōn — Iniquity, guilt, or moral wrongdoingH5771 — Full Word Study → of the fathersאָבֹ֧ת’ā·ḇōṯ — H1 — Full Word Study → onעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → their children toעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the thirdשִׁלֵּשִׁ֥יםšil·lê·šîm — Third; one of three partsH8029 — Full Word Study → and fourth generations of those who hate Meלְשֹׂנְאָֽ֑י׃lə·śō·nə·ʾå̄y — to hate, despise, regard with hostilityH8130 — Full Word Study →, 6but showingוְעֹ֥֤שֶׂהwə·‘ō·śeh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → loving devotionחֶ֖֙סֶד֙ḥe·seḏ — Covenant loyalty and steadfast kindnessH2617 — Full Word Study → to a thousand generations of those who love Meלְאֹהֲבַ֖יlə·’ō·hă·ḇay — To love; affection, attachment, or preferenceH157 — Full Word Study → and keepוּלְשֹׁמְרֵ֥יū·lə·šō·mə·rê — To guard, keep, observe, preserveH8104 — Full Word Study → My commandmentsמִצְוֺתָֽי׃סmiṣ·wō·ṯāy — A command or commandment; divine instruction or lawH4687 — Full Word Study →. 7You shall not takeתִשָּׂ֛אṯiś·śā — To lift up, raise, or bear; to carry or supportH5375 — Full Word Study → the nameשֵֽׁם־šêm- — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study → of the LORDיְהוָ֥הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → your Godאֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → in vainלַשָּׁ֑וְאlaš·šāw — falsehood, deception, emptinessH7723 — Full Word Study →, forכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֔הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → will notלֹ֤אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → leave anyone unpunishedיְנַקֶּה֙yə·naq·qeh — to be clean, innocent, or acquittedH5352 — Full Word Study → whoאֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer- — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → takesיִשָּׂ֥אyiś·śā — To lift up, raise, or bear; to carry or supportH5375 — Full Word Study → His nameשְׁמ֖וֹšə·mōw — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study → in vainלַשָּֽׁוְא׃פlaš·šāw — falsehood, deception, emptinessH7723 — Full Word Study →. 8Rememberזָכ֛וֹר֩zā·ḵō·wr — to remember, recall, or mentionH2142 — Full Word Study → the Sabbathהַשַּׁבָּ֖֜תhaš·šab·bāṯ — Rest dayH7676 — Full Word Study → dayי֥֨וֹםyō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → by keeping it holyלְקַדְּשֽׁ֗וֹ׃lə·qad·də·šō — to set apart as holy; to consecrate or sanctifyH6942 — Full Word Study →. 9Sixשֵׁ֤֣שֶׁתšê·šeṯ — The number six; sixth in orderH8337 — Full Word Study → daysיָמִ֣ים֙yā·mîm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → you shall laborתַּֽעֲבֹ֔ד֮ta·ʿă·ḇōḏ — to serve, labor, workH5647 — Full Word Study → and doוְעָשִׂ֖֣יתָwə·‘ā·śî·ṯā — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → your workמְלַאכְתֶּֽךָ֒׃mə·laḵ·tɛ·ḵå̄ — Work, labor, occupation; manufactured goods or craftH4399 — Full Word Study →, 10but the seventhהַשְּׁבִיעִ֔֜יhaš·šə·ḇî·‘î — seventh; occurring on the seventh day or in a series of sevenH7637 — Full Word Study → dayוְי֙וֹם֙wə·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → is a Sabbathשַׁבָּ֖֣ת׀šab·bāṯ — Rest dayH7676 — Full Word Study → to the LORDלַיהוָ֣הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → your Godאֱלֹהֶ֑֗יךָ’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →, on which you must notלֹֽ֣א־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → doתַעֲשֶׂ֣֨הṯa·‘ă·śeh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → anyכָל־ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → workמְלָאכָ֡֜הmə·lā·ḵāh — Work, labor, occupation; manufactured goods or craftH4399 — Full Word Study →neither youאַתָּ֣ה׀’at·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study →, nor your sonוּבִנְךָֽ֣־ū·ḇin·ḵå̄- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → or daughterוּ֠בִתֶּ֗ךָū·ḇit·te·ḵā — daughter; female child or descendantH1323 — Full Word Study →, nor your manservantעַבְדְּךָ֤֨‘aḇ·də·ḵā — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → or maidservantוַאֲמָֽתְךָ֜֙wa·’ă·mā·ṯə·ḵā — Female servant or bondmaid in household or covenant serviceH519 — Full Word Study → or livestockוּבְהֶמְתֶּ֔֗ךָū·ḇə·hem·te·ḵā — Animal, beast, livestockH929 — Full Word Study →, nor the foreignerוְגֵרְךָ֖֙wə·ḡê·rə·ḵā — Resident alien; temporary inhabitant without full citizenship rightsH1616 — Full Word Study → withinאֲשֶׁ֥֣ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → your gatesבִּשְׁעָרֶֽ֔יךָ׃biš·ʿå̄·rɛ·ḵå̄ — Gate; entrance to a city or enclosureH8179 — Full Word Study →. 11Forכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → in six daysיָמִים֩yā·mîm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֜הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → madeעָשָׂ֨ה‘ā·śāh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → the heavensהַשָּׁמַ֣יִםhaš·šā·ma·yim — The heavens; sky; dwelling place of GodH8064 — Full Word Study → and the earthהָאָ֗רֶץhā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → and the seaהַיָּם֙hay·yām — Sea, body of water; also directional (west, south)H3220 — Full Word Study → andוְאֶת־wə·’eṯ- — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer- — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → is in them, but on the seventhהַשְּׁבִיעִ֑יhaš·šə·ḇî·‘î — seventh; occurring on the seventh day or in a series of sevenH7637 — Full Word Study → dayבַּיּ֣וֹםbay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → He restedוַיָּ֖נַחway·yā·naḥ — To rest, cease, or remain in a state of quietnessH5117 — Full Word Study →. Thereforeעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֛הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → blessedבֵּרַ֧ךְbê·raḵ — to bless, kneel, praiseH1288 — Full Word Study → the Sabbathהַשַּׁבָּ֖תhaš·šab·bāṯ — Rest dayH7676 — Full Word Study → dayי֥וֹםyō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → and set it apart as holyוַֽיְקַדְּשֵֽׁהוּ׃סway·qad·də·šê·hū — to set apart as holy; to consecrate or sanctifyH6942 — Full Word Study →. 12Honorכַּבֵּ֥דkab·bêḏ — to honor, glorify, or make heavy/weightyH3513 — Full Word Study → your fatherאָבִ֖יךָ’ā·ḇî·ḵā — H1 — Full Word Study → and motherאִמֶּ֑ךָ’im·me·ḵā — mother; female parentH517 — Full Word Study →, so thatלְמַ֙עַן֙lə·ma·‘an — because of, for the sake of, in order thatH4616 — Full Word Study → your daysיָמֶ֔יךָyā·me·ḵā — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → may be longיַאֲרִכ֣וּןya·’ă·ri·ḵūn — to lengthen, prolong, or extend in time or spaceH748 — Full Word Study → inעַ֚ל‘al — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the landהָאֲדָמָ֔הhā·’ă·ḏā·māh — Land, soil, ground, earthH127 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer- — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֥הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → your Godאֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → is givingנֹתֵ֥ןnō·ṯên — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → you. 13You shall notלֹ֥֖אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → murderתִּֿרְצָֽ֖ח׃סtir·ṣå̄ḥ — to murder; to unlawfully kill a human beingH7523 — Full Word Study →. 14You shall notלֹ֣֖אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → commit adulteryתִּֿנְאָֽ֑ף׃סtin·ʾå̄p̄ — to commit adultery; to act unfaithfully in marriageH5003 — Full Word Study →. 15You shall notלֹ֣֖אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → stealתִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃סtiḡ·nōḇ — to steal; to take secretly or by stealthH1589 — Full Word Study →. 16You shall notלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → bearתַעֲנֶ֥הṯa·‘ă·neh — To answer, respond, or testifyH6030 — Full Word Study → falseשָֽׁקֶר׃סšā·qer — Deception, falsehood, lieH8267 — Full Word Study → witnessעֵ֥ד‘êḏ — A person who testifies or bears witnessH5707 — Full Word Study → against your neighborבְרֵעֲךָ֖ḇə·rê·‘ă·ḵā — neighbor, friend, companion, associateH7453 — Full Word Study →. 17You shall notלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → covetתַחְמֹ֖דṯaḥ·mōḏ — To desire, covet, or take delight inH2530 — Full Word Study → your neighbor’sרֵעֶ֑ךָrê·‘e·ḵā — neighbor, friend, companion, associateH7453 — Full Word Study → houseבֵּ֣יתbêṯ — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study →. You shall notלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → covetתַחְמֹ֞דṯaḥ·mōḏ — To desire, covet, or take delight inH2530 — Full Word Study → your neighbor’sרֵעֶ֗ךָrê·‘e·ḵā — neighbor, friend, companion, associateH7453 — Full Word Study → wifeאֵ֣שֶׁת’ê·šeṯ — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study →, or his manservantוְעַבְדּ֤וֹwə·‘aḇ·dōw — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → or maidservantוַאֲמָתוֹ֙wa·’ă·mā·ṯōw — Female servant or bondmaid in household or covenant serviceH519 — Full Word Study →, or his oxוְשׁוֹר֣וֹwə·šō·w·rōw — Ox, bull, or cattleH7794 — Full Word Study → or donkeyוַחֲמֹר֔וֹwa·ḥă·mō·rōw — donkey; beast of burdenH2543 — Full Word Study →, or anythingוְכֹ֖לwə·ḵōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → belongs to your neighborלְרֵעֶֽךָ׃פlə·rê·‘e·ḵā — neighbor, friend, companion, associateH7453 — Full Word Study →.” 18When allוְכָל־wə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָם֩hā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → witnessedרֹאִ֨יםrō·’îm — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → the thunderהַקּוֹלֹ֜תhaq·qō·w·lōṯ — voice, sound, or cryH6963 — Full Word Study → and lightningהַלַּפִּידִ֗םhal·lap·pî·ḏim — A torch or burning lamp; a flame-bearing objectH3940 — Full Word Study →, the soundingק֣וֹלqō·wl — voice, sound, or cryH6963 — Full Word Study → of the ram’s hornהַשֹּׁפָ֔רhaš·šō·p̄ār — Ram's horn trumpet; shofarH7782 — Full Word Study →, and the mountainהָהָ֖רhā·hār — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study → enveloped in smokeעָשֵׁ֑ן‘ā·šên — Smoking; emitting smokeH6226 — Full Word Study →, they trembledוַיָּנֻ֔עוּway·yā·nu·‘ū — to shake, move back and forth, wanderH5128 — Full Word Study → and stoodוַיַּֽעַמְד֖וּway·ya·‘am·ḏū — to stand, take a stand, be establishedH5975 — Full Word Study → at a distanceמֵֽרָחֹֽק׃mê·rā·ḥōq — distant, far away, remote in space or timeH7350 — Full Word Study →. 19Speakדַּבֵּר־dab·bêr- — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → to usעִמָּ֖נוּ‘im·mā·nū — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → yourselfאַתָּ֥ה’at·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → and we will listenוְנִשְׁמָ֑עָהwə·niš·mā·‘āh — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study →,” they saidוַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙way·yō·mə·rū — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Mosesמֹשֶׁ֔הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study →. “But do notוְאַל־wə·’al- — do not; negative imperative particleH408 — Full Word Study → let Godאֱלֹהִ֖ים’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → speakיְדַבֵּ֥רyə·ḏab·bêr — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → to usעִמָּ֛נוּ‘im·mā·nū — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study →, orפֶּן־pen- — lest, that not, for fear thatH6435 — Full Word Study → we will dieנָמֽוּת׃nā·mūṯ — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study →.” 20Do notאַל־’al- — do not; negative imperative particleH408 — Full Word Study → be afraidתִּירָאוּ֒tî·rā·’ū — to fear, revere, or be afraidH3372 — Full Word Study →,” Mosesמֹשֶׁ֣הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → repliedוַיֹּ֨אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →. “Forכִּ֗יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → Godהָאֱלֹהִ֑יםhā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → has comeבָּ֖אbā — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → toלְבַֽעֲבוּר֙lə·ḇa·‘ă·ḇūr — For the sake of; because of; in order thatH5668 — Full Word Study → test youנַסּ֣וֹתnas·sō·wṯ — to test, try, or prove by examinationH5254 — Full Word Study →, so thatוּבַעֲב֗וּרū·ḇa·‘ă·ḇūr — For the sake of; because of; in order thatH5668 — Full Word Study → the fear of Himיִרְאָת֛וֹyir·’ā·ṯōw — Fear, reverence, dread, or aweH3374 — Full Word Study → may be beforeעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → youפְּנֵיכֶ֖םpə·nê·ḵem — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study →, to keepלְבִלְתִּ֥יlə·ḇil·tî — without, except, lest, or nothing butH1115 — Full Word Study → you from sinningתֶחֱטָֽאוּ׃ṯe·ḥĕ·ṭā·’ū — To sin; to miss the mark; to commit wrongdoingH2398 — Full Word Study →.” 21And the peopleהָעָ֖םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → stoodוַיַּעֲמֹ֥דway·ya·‘ă·mōḏ — to stand, take a stand, be establishedH5975 — Full Word Study → at a distanceמֵרָחֹ֑קmê·rā·ḥōq — distant, far away, remote in space or timeH7350 — Full Word Study → as Mosesוּמֹשֶׁה֙ū·mō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → approachedנִגַּ֣שׁnig·gaš — to draw near, approach, come closeH5066 — Full Word Study → the thick darknessהָֽעֲרָפֶ֔לhā·‘ă·rā·p̄el — thick darkness, dense cloudH6205 — Full Word Study → whereאֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer- — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → God wasהָאֱלֹהִֽים׃פhā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →. 22Then the LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Mosesמֹשֶׁ֔הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study →, “This is whatכֹּ֥הkōh — thus, so, in this mannerH3541 — Full Word Study → you are to tellתֹאמַ֖רṯō·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → the Israelitesבְּנֵ֣יbə·nê — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study →: ‘Youאַתֶּ֣ם’at·tem — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → have seen for yourselvesרְאִיתֶ֔םrə·’î·ṯem — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → thatכִּ֚יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → I have spokenדִּבַּ֖רְתִּיdib·bar·tî — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → toעִמָּכֶֽם׃‘im·mā·ḵem — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → you fromמִן־min- — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → heavenהַשָּׁמַ֔יִםhaš·šā·ma·yim — The heavens; sky; dwelling place of GodH8064 — Full Word Study →. 23You are notלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → to makeתַעֲשׂ֖וּןṯa·‘ă·śūn — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → any godsאֱלֹ֤הֵי’ĕ·lō·hê — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → alongside Meאִתִּ֑י’it·tî — with, together with, againstH854 — Full Word Study →; you are notלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → to makeתַעֲשׂ֖וּṯa·‘ă·śū — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → for yourselves godsוֵאלֹהֵ֣יwê·lō·hê — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → of silverכֶ֙סֶף֙ḵe·sep̄ — Silver; money; price; valueH3701 — Full Word Study → or goldזָהָ֔בzā·hāḇ — Gold; precious metal; wealth and valueH2091 — Full Word Study →. 24You are to makeתַּעֲשֶׂה־ta·‘ă·śeh- — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → for Me an altarמִזְבַּ֣חmiz·baḥ — altar; place of sacrifice and worshipH4196 — Full Word Study → of earthאֲדָמָה֮’ă·ḏā·māh — Land, soil, ground, earthH127 — Full Word Study →, and sacrificeוְזָבַחְתָּ֣wə·zā·ḇaḥ·tā — to slaughter an animal as a sacrifice or offeringH2076 — Full Word Study → on itעָלָ֗יו‘ā·lāw — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → your burnt offeringsעֹלֹתֶ֙יךָ֙‘ō·lō·ṯe·ḵā — burnt offering; ascending sacrificeH5930 — Full Word Study → and peace offeringsשְׁלָמֶ֔יךָšə·lā·me·ḵā — Peace offering; fellowship sacrificeH8002 — Full Word Study →, your sheep and goatsצֹֽאנְךָ֖ṣō·nə·ḵā — flock of sheep or goatsH6629 — Full Word Study → and cattleבְּקָרֶ֑ךָbə·qā·re·ḵā — cattle, herd, ox, bovine livestockH1241 — Full Word Study →. In everyבְּכָל־bə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → placeהַמָּקוֹם֙ham·mā·qō·wm — A place, location, or spaceH4725 — Full Word Study → whereאֲשֶׁ֣ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → I cause My nameשְׁמִ֔יšə·mî — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study → to be rememberedאַזְכִּ֣יר’az·kîr — to remember, recall, or mentionH2142 — Full Word Study →, I will comeאָב֥וֹא’ā·ḇō·w — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → to youאֵלֶ֖יךָ’ê·le·ḵā — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → and bless youוּבֵרַכְתִּֽיךָ׃ū·ḇê·raḵ·tî·ḵā — to bless, kneel, praiseH1288 — Full Word Study →. 25Now ifוְאִם־wə·’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → you makeתַּֽעֲשֶׂה־ta·‘ă·śeh- — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → an altarמִזְבַּ֤חmiz·baḥ — altar; place of sacrifice and worshipH4196 — Full Word Study → of stonesאֲבָנִים֙’ă·ḇā·nîm — Stone; rock; precious stoneH68 — Full Word Study → for Me, you must notלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → buildתִבְנֶ֥הṯiḇ·neh — to build, construct, establishH1129 — Full Word Study → itאֶתְהֶ֖ן’eṯ·hen — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → with stones shaped by toolsגָּזִ֑יתgā·zîṯ — hewn stone; dressed or cut stoneH1496 — Full Word Study →; for ifכִּ֧יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → you useהֵנַ֥פְתָּhê·nap̄·tā — to wave, shake, or move back and forthH5130 — Full Word Study → a chiselחַרְבְּךָ֛ḥar·bə·ḵā — sword; blade weaponH2719 — Full Word Study → on itעָלֶ֖יהָ‘ā·le·hā — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study →, you will defile itוַתְּחַֽלְלֶֽהָ׃wat·tə·ḥal·le·hā — to profane, defile, or beginH2490 — Full Word Study →. 26And you must notוְלֹֽא־wə·lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → go upתַעֲלֶ֥הṯa·‘ă·leh — to ascend, rise up, go upH5927 — Full Word Study → toעַֽל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → My altarמִזְבְּחִ֑יmiz·bə·ḥî — altar; place of sacrifice and worshipH4196 — Full Word Study → on stepsבְמַעֲלֹ֖תḇə·ma·‘ă·lōṯ — Ascent, step, or degree; elevation in place or rankH4609 — Full Word Study →, lestאֲשֶׁ֛ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → your nakednessעֶרְוָתְךָ֖‘er·wā·ṯə·ḵā — nakedness, shame, exposed vulnerabilityH6172 — Full Word Study → be exposedתִגָּלֶ֥הṯig·gā·leh — HeglamH1540 — Full Word Study → on itעָלָֽיו׃פ‘ā·lāw — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study →.’
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Chapter Commentary — Exodus 20
Chapter Overview

Overview

Exodus 20 contains the Ten Commandments, God's foundational moral law given directly to His covenant people at Mount Sinai. This chapter reveals God's character—His holiness, authority, and jealous love—while establishing the standards by which His people are to live. The commandments divide naturally into two parts: duties toward God (verses 3-11) and duties toward our neighbors (verses 12-17). The dramatic account of Israel's fearful response (verses 18-21) reminds us that God's law reveals both His power and His intention to draw us into reverent obedience. The closing instruction (verses 22-26) emphasizes that true worship flows from a purified heart.

Verses 1-2: God's Authority and Redemptive Preface

God begins by reminding Israel who He is: the God who rescued them from Egyptian slavery. This is crucial. The law is not arbitrary divine legislation, but the expression of a God who has already proven His saving love. He speaks with complete authority—"all these words"—establishing that what follows carries infinite weight. God bases His claim on our obedience not on mere power, but on His demonstrated covenant faithfulness.

Verses 3-6: The First Two Commandments—Exclusive Loyalty and Pure Worship

The first commandment demands exclusive allegiance: no other gods are to occupy God's place in our hearts. The second prohibits idolatry in any form—whether carved images or likenesses of creatures. Both commandments protect the integrity of true worship. God is jealous (verse 5)—not petty, but zealously protective of the covenant relationship. The promise is clear: judgment follows persistent rebellion, but mercy (verse 6) abounds for those who love and obey Him. For believers, this means Christ alone is Lord, and our devotion cannot be divided.

Verse 7: The Third Commandment—Reverent Speech

Taking God's name "in vain" means more than careless swearing; it encompasses any irreverent use of God's name—breaking oaths, profaning His character, or treating Him irreverently in speech or action. God will hold such offenders guiltless means He will not excuse or overlook this sin. Our words reveal our hearts (Matthew 12:34), and how we speak of God matters eternally.

Verses 8-11: The Fourth Commandment—The Sabbath

The Sabbath command calls for complete rest on the seventh day, grounded in God's own example at creation. This is more than physical rest; it's a spiritual practice acknowledging God as Creator and Lord. Notably, the command extends to servants and animals—reflecting God's concern for the vulnerable. While Christians observe the first day (Lord's Day) in light of Christ's resurrection, the principle remains: we need regular, intentional time to worship and rest in God's provision.

Verse 12: The Fifth Commandment—Family Honor

Honoring parents is the bridge between duties to God and duties to neighbors. Children are to show respect and care, with a promised blessing of longevity. This command recognizes the foundational role of the family in society and the church.

Verses 13-17: The Sixth Through Tenth Commandments—Love for Neighbor

The final five commands protect human life (verse 13), marriage (verse 14), property (verse 15), truth-telling (verse 16), and contentment (verse 17). Note that verse 17 addresses the heart—covetousness—revealing that God's law judges not mere outward behavior but inward desire. Jesus summarized all ten commands in two: love God supremely, and love your neighbor as yourself.

Verses 18-21: Israel's Fearful Response and Moses' Mediation

The people, terrified by God's awesome display, ask Moses to mediate. Moses reassures them: God's purpose is not to destroy but to establish reverent fear that guards against sin. This establishes Moses as a type of Christ, our ultimate Mediator.

Verses 22-26: Instructions for Worship

God forbids idolatrous altars and demands simplicity in worship—earth altars or unhewn stone. True worship requires purity of heart, not human embellishment.

Application for Today

The Ten Commandments remain God's perfect moral standard, showing us our need for Christ's redemptive grace. While we are not saved by keeping the law, the law reveals God's character and our call to reflect Him. Let us examine our hearts: Do we worship Christ exclusively? Do we honor His name? Do we rest in His provision? Do we love our families and neighbors as ourselves? In Christ, we find both the fulfillment of the law and the grace to live it out.

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