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Exodus 19

BSB·25 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1In the thirdהַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔יhaš·šə·lî·šî — Third; one of three parts; third in rank or sequenceH7992 — Full Word Study → monthבַּחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ba·ḥō·ḏeš — A month; lunar period; new moonH2320 — Full Word Study →, on the sameהַזֶּ֔הhaz·zeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study → day of the month that the Israelitesבְּנֵי־bə·nê- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → had leftלְצֵ֥אתlə·ṣêṯ — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → the landמֵאֶ֣רֶץmê·’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִצְרָ֑יִםmiṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →, they cameבָּ֖אוּbā·’ū — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → to the Wilderness of Sinaiסִינָֽי׃sî·nāy — Mountain of GodH5514 — Full Word Study →. 2After they had set outוַיִּסְע֣וּway·yis·‘ū — to journey, set out, departH5265 — Full Word Study → from Rephidimמֵרְפִידִ֗יםmê·rə·p̄î·ḏîm — Resting placesH7508 — Full Word Study →, they enteredוַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙way·yā·ḇō·’ū — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → the Wildernessמִדְבַּ֣רmiḏ·bar — Desert; wilderness; pasture; speechH4057 — Full Word Study → of Sinaiסִינַ֔יsî·nay — Mountain of GodH5514 — Full Word Study →, and Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לyiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study → campedוַיִּֽחַן־way·yi·ḥan- — to pitch a tent; to camp; to dwellH2583 — Full Word Study → thereשָׁ֥םšām — There, in that placeH8033 — Full Word Study → in front ofנֶ֥גֶדne·ḡeḏ — before, in front of, in the presence ofH5048 — Full Word Study → the mountainהָהָֽר׃hā·hār — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study →. 3Then Mosesוּמֹשֶׁ֥הū·mō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → went upעָלָ֖ה‘ā·lāh — to ascend, rise up, go upH5927 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Godהָאֱלֹהִ֑יםhā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →, and the LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → calledוַיִּקְרָ֨אway·yiq·rā — To call, summon, or proclaimH7121 — Full Word Study → to himאֵלָ֤יו’ê·lāw — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → fromמִן־min- — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → the mountainהָהָ֣רhā·hār — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study →, “This is whatכֹּ֤הkōh — thus, so, in this mannerH3541 — Full Word Study → you are to tellלֵאמֹ֔רlê·mōr — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → the houseלְבֵ֣יתlə·ḇêṯ — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study → of Jacobיַעֲקֹ֔בya·‘ă·qōḇ — He grasps the heelH3290 — Full Word Study → and explainוְתַגֵּ֖ידwə·ṯag·gêḏ — to tell, declare, make knownH5046 — Full Word Study → to the sonsלִבְנֵ֥יliḇ·nê — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃yiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study →: 4Youאַתֶּ֣ם’at·tem — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → have seen for yourselvesרְאִיתֶ֔םrə·’î·ṯem — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → whatאֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → I didעָשִׂ֖יתִי‘ā·śî·ṯî — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → to Egyptלְמִצְרָ֑יִםlə·miṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →, and how I carriedוָאֶשָּׂ֤אwā·’eś·śā — To lift up, raise, or bear; to carry or supportH5375 — Full Word Study → you onעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → eagles’נְשָׁרִ֔יםnə·šā·rîm — Eagle; large bird of preyH5404 — Full Word Study → wingsכַּנְפֵ֣יkan·p̄ê — wing; edge, border, cornerH3671 — Full Word Study → and broughtוָאָבִ֥אwā·’ā·ḇi — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → youאֶתְכֶ֖ם’eṯ·ḵem — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → to Myselfאֵלָֽי׃’ê·lāy — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study →. 5Nowוְעַתָּ֗הwə·‘at·tāh — Now; at the present timeH6258 — Full Word Study → ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → you will indeed obeyשָׁמ֤וֹעַšā·mō·w·a‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → My voiceבְּקֹלִ֔יbə·qō·lî — voice, sound, or cryH6963 — Full Word Study → and keepוּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֖םū·šə·mar·tem — To guard, keep, observe, preserveH8104 — Full Word Study → My covenantבְּרִיתִ֑יbə·rî·ṯî — A binding agreement or covenant between partiesH1285 — Full Word Study →, you will beוִהְיִ֨יתֶםwih·yî·ṯem — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → My treasured possessionסְגֻלָּה֙sə·ḡul·lāh — Treasured possession; prized, set-apart propertyH5459 — Full Word Study → out of allמִכָּל־mik·kāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the nationsהָ֣עַמִּ֔יםhā·‘am·mîm — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →forכִּי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the wholeכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → earthהָאָֽרֶץ׃hā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → is Mine. 6And unto Me youוְאַתֶּ֧םwə·’at·tem — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → shall beתִּהְיוּ־tih·yū- — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → a kingdomמַמְלֶ֥כֶתmam·le·ḵeṯ — Kingdom; sovereign rule or realmH4467 — Full Word Study → of priestsכֹּהֲנִ֖יםkō·hă·nîm — priest; one who serves in God's sanctuaryH3548 — Full Word Study → and a holyקָד֑וֹשׁqā·ḏō·wōš — Set apart, consecrated, sacredH6918 — Full Word Study → nationוְג֣וֹיwə·ḡō·w — Nation; a people or ethnic groupH1471 — Full Word Study →.’ Theseאֵ֚לֶּה’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → are the wordsהַדְּבָרִ֔יםhad·də·ḇā·rîm — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → you are to speakתְּדַבֵּ֖רtə·ḏab·bêr — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the Israelitesבְּנֵ֥יbə·nê — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study →.” 7So Mosesמֹשֶׁ֔הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → went backוַיָּבֹ֣אway·yā·ḇō — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → and summonedוַיִּקְרָ֖אway·yiq·rā — To call, summon, or proclaimH7121 — Full Word Study → the eldersלְזִקְנֵ֣יlə·ziq·nê — An old person; an elder with authority and wisdomH2205 — Full Word Study → of the peopleהָעָ֑םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → and setוַיָּ֣שֶׂםway·yā·śem — to put, place, set, appointH7760 — Full Word Study → beforeלִפְנֵיהֶ֗םlip̄·nê·hem — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → themאֵ֚ת’êṯ — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → theseהָאֵ֔לֶּהhā·’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → wordsהַדְּבָרִ֣יםhad·də·ḇā·rîm — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָֽה׃Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → had commanded himצִוָּ֖הוּṣiw·wā·hū — to command, order, or appoint with authorityH6680 — Full Word Study →. 8And allכָל־ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָ֤םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → answeredוַיַּעֲנ֨וּway·ya·‘ă·nū — To answer, respond, or testifyH6030 — Full Word Study → togetherיַחְדָּו֙yaḥ·dāw — together, united, as oneH3162 — Full Word Study →, “We will doנַעֲשֶׂ֑הna·‘ă·śeh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → everythingכֹּ֛לkōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer- — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → has spokenדִּבֶּ֥רdib·ber — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study →.” So Mosesמֹשֶׁ֛הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → broughtוַיָּ֧שֶׁבway·yā·šeḇ — to turn back, return, restoreH7725 — Full Word Study → their wordsדִּבְרֵ֥יdiḇ·rê — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → back toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָֽה׃Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →. 9The LORDיְהוָ֜הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Mosesמֹשֶׁ֗הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study →, “Beholdהִנֵּ֨הhin·nêh — Look! Behold! Pay attention!H2009 — Full Word Study →, Iאָנֹכִ֜י’ā·nō·ḵî — I, myself (first-person singular pronoun)H595 — Full Word Study → will comeבָּ֣אbā — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → toאֵלֶיךָ֮’ê·le·ḵā — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → you in a denseבְּעַ֣בbə·‘aḇ — Cloud, thick cloud, or cloud massH5645 — Full Word Study → cloudהֶֽעָנָן֒he·‘ā·nān — cloud; visual manifestation of God's presenceH6051 — Full Word Study →, so thatבַּעֲב֞וּרba·‘ă·ḇūr — For the sake of; because of; in order thatH5668 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָם֙hā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → will hearיִשְׁמַ֤עyiš·ma‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → when I speakבְּדַבְּרִ֣יbə·ḏab·bə·rî — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → with youעִמָּ֔ךְ‘im·māḵ — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study →, andוְגַם־wə·ḡam- — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → they will alwaysלְעוֹלָ֑םlə·‘ō·w·lām — forever, eternity, perpetual durationH5769 — Full Word Study → put their trustיַאֲמִ֣ינוּya·’ă·mî·nū — to trust, believe, be faithfulH539 — Full Word Study → in you.” And Mosesמֹשֶׁ֛הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → relayedוַיַּגֵּ֥דway·yag·gêḏ — to tell, declare, make knownH5046 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָֽה׃Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → what the people had saidדִּבְרֵ֥יdiḇ·rê — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study →. 10Then the LORDיְהוָ֤הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → to Mosesמֹשֶׁה֙mō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study →, “Goלֵ֣ךְlêḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָ֔םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → and consecrate themוְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֥םwə·qid·daš·tām — to set apart as holy; to consecrate or sanctifyH6942 — Full Word Study → todayהַיּ֖וֹםhay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → and tomorrowוּמָחָ֑רū·mā·ḥār — tomorrow, the next dayH4279 — Full Word Study →. They must washוְכִבְּס֖וּwə·ḵib·bə·sū — To wash, cleanse, or full clothH3526 — Full Word Study → their clothesשִׂמְלֹתָֽם׃śim·lō·ṯām — Garment, cloak, or outer garmentH8071 — Full Word Study → 11and beוְהָי֥וּwə·hā·yū — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → preparedנְכֹנִ֖יםnə·ḵō·nîm — to establish, prepare, or make firmH3559 — Full Word Study → by the thirdהַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑יhaš·šə·lî·šî — Third; one of three parts; third in rank or sequenceH7992 — Full Word Study → dayלַיּ֣וֹםlay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study →, forכִּ֣י׀kî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → on the thirdהַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗יhaš·šə·lî·šî — Third; one of three parts; third in rank or sequenceH7992 — Full Word Study → dayבַּיּ֣וֹםbay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֛הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → will come downיֵרֵ֧דyê·rêḏ — To descend, go down, come downH3381 — Full Word Study → onעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → Mountהַ֥רhar — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study → Sinaiסִינָֽי׃sî·nāy — Mountain of GodH5514 — Full Word Study → in the sightלְעֵינֵ֥יlə·‘ê·nê — Eye; sight; appearance; fountainH5869 — Full Word Study → of allכָל־ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָ֖םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →. 12And you are to set up a boundaryוְהִגְבַּלְתָּ֤wə·hiḡ·bal·tā — to set a border or boundary; to limitH1379 — Full Word Study → for the peopleהָעָם֙hā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → around the mountain and tell themלֵאמֹ֔רlê·mōr — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, ‘Be carefulהִשָּׁמְר֥וּhiš·šā·mə·rū — To guard, keep, observe, preserveH8104 — Full Word Study → not to go upעֲל֥וֹת‘ă·lō·wṯ — to ascend, rise up, go upH5927 — Full Word Study → on the mountainבָּהָ֖רbā·hār — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study → or touchוּנְגֹ֣עַū·nə·ḡō·a‘ — to touch, reach, strike, or come into contactH5060 — Full Word Study → its baseבְּקָצֵ֑הוּbə·qā·ṣê·hū — edge, border, extremity, endH7097 — Full Word Study →. Whoeverכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → touchesהַנֹּגֵ֥עַhan·nō·ḡê·a‘ — to touch, reach, strike, or come into contactH5060 — Full Word Study → the mountainבָּהָ֖רbā·hār — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study → shall surely be put to deathמ֥וֹתmō·wṯ — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study →. 13Noלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → handיָ֗דyāḏ — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → shall touchתִגַּ֨עṯig·ga‘ — to touch, reach, strike, or come into contactH5060 — Full Word Study → him, butכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → he shall surely be stonedסָק֤וֹלsā·qō·wl — to stone; to throw stonesH5619 — Full Word Study → orאוֹ־’ōw- — or, whether; also expressing desire or preferenceH176 — Full Word Study → shotיָרֹ֣הyā·rōh — To shoot, throw, or teach; to direct or instructH3384 — Full Word Study → with arrowsיִיָּרֶ֔הyî·yā·reh — To shoot, throw, or teach; to direct or instructH3384 — Full Word Study →whetherאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → manאִ֖ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → orאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → beastבְּהֵמָ֥הbə·hê·māh — Animal, beast, livestockH929 — Full Word Study →, he must notלֹ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → liveיִחְיֶ֑הyiḥ·yeh — To live, to preserve alive, to give lifeH2421 — Full Word Study →.’ Only when the ram’s hornהַיֹּבֵ֔לhay·yō·ḇêl — Jubilee; ram's horn; trumpetH3104 — Full Word Study → sounds a long blastבִּמְשֹׁךְ֙bim·šōḵ — to draw, pull, extend, or prolongH4900 — Full Word Study → may theyהֵ֖מָּהhêm·māh — They, them (masculine plural pronoun)H1992 — Full Word Study → approachיַעֲל֥וּya·‘ă·lū — to ascend, rise up, go upH5927 — Full Word Study → the mountainבָהָֽר׃ḇā·hār — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study →.” 14When Mosesמֹשֶׁ֛הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → came downוַיֵּ֧רֶדway·yê·reḏ — To descend, go down, come downH3381 — Full Word Study → fromמִן־min- — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → the mountainהָהָ֖רhā·hār — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָ֑םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →, he consecrated themוַיְקַדֵּשׁ֙way·qad·dêš — to set apart as holy; to consecrate or sanctifyH6942 — Full Word Study →, and they washedוַֽיְכַבְּס֖וּway·ḵab·bə·sū — To wash, cleanse, or full clothH3526 — Full Word Study → their clothesשִׂמְלֹתָֽם׃śim·lō·ṯām — Garment, cloak, or outer garmentH8071 — Full Word Study →. 15Beהֱי֥וּhĕ·yū — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → preparedנְכֹנִ֖יםnə·ḵō·nîm — to establish, prepare, or make firmH3559 — Full Word Study → for the thirdלִשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁתliš·lō·šeṯ — The number three; a group of three thingsH7969 — Full Word Study → dayיָמִ֑יםyā·mîm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study →,” he saidוַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙way·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָ֔םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →. “Do notאַֽל־’al- — do not; negative imperative particleH408 — Full Word Study → draw nearתִּגְּשׁ֖וּtig·gə·šū — to draw near, approach, come closeH5066 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → a womanאִשָּֽׁה׃’iš·šāh — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study →.” 16On the thirdהַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜יhaš·šə·lî·šî — Third; one of three parts; third in rank or sequenceH7992 — Full Word Study → dayבַיּ֨וֹםḇay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study →, when morningהַבֹּ֗קֶרhab·bō·qer — Morning; daybreak; the early part of the dayH1242 — Full Word Study → cameוַיְהִי֩way·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study →, there wasבִּֽהְיֹ֣תbih·yōṯ — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → thunderקֹלֹ֨תqō·lōṯ — voice, sound, or cryH6963 — Full Word Study → and lightningוּבְרָקִ֜יםū·ḇə·rā·qîm — Lightning; a flashing or gleaming swordH1300 — Full Word Study →. A thickכָּבֵד֙kā·ḇêḏ — Heavy; weighty; burdensome; grievousH3515 — Full Word Study → cloudוְעָנָ֤ןwə·‘ā·nān — cloud; visual manifestation of God's presenceH6051 — Full Word Study → was uponעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the mountainהָהָ֔רhā·hār — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study →, and a very loudחָזָ֣קḥā·zāq — Strong, mighty, firm, courageousH2389 — Full Word Study → blastוְקֹ֥לwə·qōl — voice, sound, or cryH6963 — Full Word Study → of the ram’s horn went out, so that allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָ֖םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → in the campבַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃bam·ma·ḥă·neh — Military encampment; organized settlement or gatheringH4264 — Full Word Study → trembledוַיֶּחֱרַ֥דway·ye·ḥĕ·raḏ — to tremble, quake, or shudder with fearH2729 — Full Word Study →. 17Then Mosesמֹשֶׁ֧הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → broughtוַיּוֹצֵ֨אway·yō·w·ṣê — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָ֛םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → out ofמִן־min- — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → the campהַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑הham·ma·ḥă·neh — Military encampment; organized settlement or gatheringH4264 — Full Word Study → to meetלִקְרַ֥אתliq·raṯ — to meet, encounter, or come upon (often by chance or unexpectedly)H7122 — Full Word Study → with Godהָֽאֱלֹהִ֖יםhā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →, and they stoodוַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּway·yiṯ·yaṣ·ṣə·ḇū — To stand, take a stand, present oneselfH3320 — Full Word Study → at the footבְּתַחְתִּ֥יתbə·ṯaḥ·tîṯ — lower, beneath, underside; lowest partH8482 — Full Word Study → of the mountainהָהָֽר׃hā·hār — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study →. 18Mountוְהַ֤רwə·har — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study → Sinaiסִינַי֙sî·nay — Mountain of GodH5514 — Full Word Study → was completelyכֻּלּ֔וֹkul·lōw — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → enveloped in smokeעָשַׁ֣ן‘ā·šan — to be angry, smoke with rageH6225 — Full Word Study →, becauseמִ֠פְּנֵיmip·pə·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → had descendedיָרַ֥דyā·raḏ — To descend, go down, come downH3381 — Full Word Study → on itעָלָ֛יו‘ā·lāw — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → in fireבָּאֵ֑שׁbā·’êš — Fire; flame; burningH784 — Full Word Study →. And the smokeעֲשָׁנוֹ֙‘ă·šā·nōw — Smoke; vapor rising from fireH6227 — Full Word Study → roseוַיַּ֤עַלway·ya·‘al — to ascend, rise up, go upH5927 — Full Word Study → like the smokeכְּעֶ֣שֶׁןkə·‘e·šen — Smoke; vapor rising from fireH6227 — Full Word Study → of a furnaceהַכִּבְשָׁ֔ןhak·kiḇ·šān — Furnace or kiln for intense heatH3536 — Full Word Study →, and the wholeכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → mountainהָהָ֖רhā·hār — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study → quakedוַיֶּחֱרַ֥דway·ye·ḥĕ·raḏ — to tremble, quake, or shudder with fearH2729 — Full Word Study → violentlyמְאֹֽד׃mə·’ōḏ — Much, greatly, very, exceedinglyH3966 — Full Word Study →. 19And asוַיְהִי֙way·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → the soundק֣וֹלqō·wl — voice, sound, or cryH6963 — Full Word Study → of the ram’s hornהַשּׁוֹפָ֔רhaš·šō·w·p̄ār — Ram's horn trumpet; shofarH7782 — Full Word Study → grew louderהוֹלֵ֖ךְhō·w·lêḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → and louderמְאֹ֑דmə·’ōḏ — Much, greatly, very, exceedinglyH3966 — Full Word Study →, Mosesמֹשֶׁ֣הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → spokeיְדַבֵּ֔רyə·ḏab·bêr — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → and Godוְהָאֱלֹהִ֖יםwə·hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → answered himיַעֲנֶ֥נּוּya·‘ă·nen·nū — To answer, respond, or testifyH6030 — Full Word Study → in the thunderבְקֽוֹל׃ḇə·qō·wl — voice, sound, or cryH6963 — Full Word Study →. 20The LORDיְהוָ֛הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → descendedוַיֵּ֧רֶדway·yê·reḏ — To descend, go down, come downH3381 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the topרֹ֣אשׁrōš — Head; chief; beginning; topH7218 — Full Word Study → ofעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → Mountהַ֥רhar — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study → Sinaiסִינַ֖יsî·nay — Mountain of GodH5514 — Full Word Study → and calledוַיִּקְרָ֨אway·yiq·rā — To call, summon, or proclaimH7121 — Full Word Study → Mosesלְמֹשֶׁ֛הlə·mō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the summitרֹ֥אשׁrōš — Head; chief; beginning; topH7218 — Full Word Study →. So Moses went upוַיַּ֥עַלway·ya·‘al — to ascend, rise up, go upH5927 — Full Word Study →, 21and the LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → to him, “Go downרֵ֖דrêḏ — To descend, go down, come downH3381 — Full Word Study → and warnהָעֵ֣דhā·‘êḏ — to testify, witness, or solemnly affirmH5749 — Full Word Study → the peopleבָּעָ֑םbā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → notפֶּן־pen- — lest, that not, for fear thatH6435 — Full Word Study → to break throughיֶהֶרְס֤וּye·her·sū — To destroy, tear down, or overthrow completelyH2040 — Full Word Study → to seeלִרְא֔וֹתlir·’ō·wṯ — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →, lest many of themמִמֶּ֖נּוּmim·men·nū — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → perishוְנָפַ֥לwə·nā·p̄al — to fall; collapse; perishH5307 — Full Word Study →. 22Evenוְגַ֧םwə·ḡam — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → the priestsהַכֹּהֲנִ֛יםhak·kō·hă·nîm — priest; one who serves in God's sanctuaryH3548 — Full Word Study → who approachהַנִּגָּשִׁ֥יםhan·nig·gā·šîm — to draw near, approach, come closeH5066 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → must consecrate themselvesיִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּyiṯ·qad·dā·šū — to set apart as holy; to consecrate or sanctifyH6942 — Full Word Study →, orפֶּן־pen- — lest, that not, for fear thatH6435 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָֽה׃Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → will break outיִפְרֹ֥ץyip̄·rōṣ — to break through, breach, or burst forthH6555 — Full Word Study → against them.” 23But Mosesמֹשֶׁה֙mō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֔הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →, “The peopleהָעָ֔םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → cannotלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → come upלַעֲלֹ֖תla·‘ă·lōṯ — to ascend, rise up, go upH5927 — Full Word Study → Mountהַ֣רhar — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study → Sinaiסִינָ֑יsî·nāy — Mountain of GodH5514 — Full Word Study →, forכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → Youאַתָּ֞ה’at·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → solemnly warnedהַעֵדֹ֤תָהha·‘ê·ḏō·ṯāh — to testify, witness, or solemnly affirmH5749 — Full Word Study → us, ‘Put a boundary aroundהַגְבֵּ֥לhaḡ·bêl — to set a border or boundary; to limitH1379 — Full Word Study → the mountainהָהָ֖רhā·hār — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study → and set it apart as holyוְקִדַּשְׁתּֽוֹ׃wə·qid·daš·tōw — to set apart as holy; to consecrate or sanctifyH6942 — Full Word Study →.’” 24And the LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → repliedוַיֹּ֨אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Goלֶךְ־leḵ- — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → downרֵ֔דrêḏ — To descend, go down, come downH3381 — Full Word Study → and bringוְעָלִ֥יתָwə·‘ā·lî·ṯā — to ascend, rise up, go upH5927 — Full Word Study → Aaronוְאַהֲרֹ֣ןwə·’a·hă·rōn — Exalted FatherH175 — Full Word Study → withעִמָּ֑ךְ‘im·māḵ — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → youאַתָּ֖ה’at·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study →. But the priestsוְהַכֹּהֲנִ֣יםwə·hak·kō·hă·nîm — priest; one who serves in God's sanctuaryH3548 — Full Word Study → and the peopleוְהָעָ֗םwə·hā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → must notאַל־’al- — do not; negative imperative particleH408 — Full Word Study → break throughיֶֽהֶרְס֛וּye·her·sū — To destroy, tear down, or overthrow completelyH2040 — Full Word Study → to come upלַעֲלֹ֥תla·‘ă·lōṯ — to ascend, rise up, go upH5927 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →, orפֶּן־pen- — lest, that not, for fear thatH6435 — Full Word Study → He will break outיִפְרָץ־yip̄·rāṣ- — to break through, breach, or burst forthH6555 — Full Word Study → against them.” 25So Mosesמֹשֶׁ֖הmō·šeh — Drawn outH4872 — Full Word Study → went downוַיֵּ֥רֶדway·yê·reḏ — To descend, go down, come downH3381 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָ֑םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → and spokeוַיֹּ֖אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → to themאֲלֵהֶֽם׃ס’ă·lê·hem — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study →.
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Chapter Commentary — Exodus 19
Chapter Overview

Overview: The Covenant at Sinai

Exodus 19 records one of the most pivotal moments in biblical history—the arrival of Israel at Mount Sinai, three months after their exodus from Egypt. Here, the Lord presents His covenant to the people and prepares them for the giving of the Law. This chapter establishes the foundational relationship between God and His chosen nation, introducing themes of obedience, holiness, and the awesome majesty of the living God. The narrative moves from God's gracious invitation to covenant partnership, through the people's eager acceptance, to their preparation for a direct encounter with the Almighty Himself.

Verses 1-2: Arrival at Sinai

Israel arrives at the wilderness of Sinai in the third month after leaving Egypt. This precise timeline reminds us that God's purposes unfold according to His sovereign plan. The camp is pitched before the mount, positioning the people to receive what God has prepared for them. This geographical and temporal specificity underscores that God's redemptive work is neither random nor hastily conceived; it follows His perfect timetable.

Verses 3-6: God's Covenant Proposal

Moses ascends the mountain and receives the Lord's message for the people. The covenant begins not with demands but with reminders of grace: "Ye have seen what I did unto the Egyptians, and how I bare you on eagles' wings, and brought you unto myself" (v. 4). God frames the covenant on the foundation of His redemptive work. The conditional promise follows: "If ye will obey my voice indeed, and keep my covenant, then ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto me" (v. 5). Israel is offered a unique status—a kingdom of priests and holy nation (v. 6). This invitation reveals that covenant relationship with God produces both privilege and responsibility. Obedience is not a burdensome demand but the pathway to becoming God's treasured possession.

Verses 7-9: The People's Response

Moses relays God's words to the elders, and the people respond with enthusiastic commitment: "All that the LORD hath spoken we will do" (v. 8). Their agreement is sincere but, as history will reveal, incomplete in understanding the depths of what they pledge. The Lord promises to speak audibly so that the entire nation will witness His covenant directly, establishing forever the credibility of Moses as God's spokesman (v. 9). This public ratification prevents later disputes about authenticity.

Verses 10-15: Sanctification and Preparation

Before meeting the holy God, the people must be consecrated—set apart through washing and self-discipline (v. 10). Sexual relations are prohibited, emphasizing holiness as separation from ordinary concerns (v. 15). Boundaries are established around the mountain itself; trespassing means death (vv. 12-13). These preparations communicate an essential truth: access to God's presence requires reverence and spiritual readiness. We cannot approach the holy casually or casually.

Verses 16-25: The Theophany (God's Appearance)

On the third day, God descends visibly and audibly—thunder, lightning, trumpet blasts, and the mountain enveloped in fire and smoke (vv. 16-18). The display is overwhelming and terrifying, emphasizing God's absolute transcendence and power. Even as the covenant is one of grace, it is also one witnessed to a God of fearsome holiness. When the people's fear threatens to cause them to break through the boundaries, Moses assures them and reestablishes the protective barriers (vv. 21-24). Only Moses and Aaron are permitted closer access, reflecting the pattern of priestly mediation that will structure Israelite worship.

Application for Today

Exodus 19 teaches us that our relationship with God is grounded in His redemptive grace, not our performance. Yet grace calls us to obedience and holiness. As believers, we are the fulfillment of God's promise to make us "a kingdom of priests" (1 Peter 2:9). Our response should echo Israel's commitment—wholehearted devotion to obey the God who has bought us with the blood of His Son and brought us into covenant relationship with Himself.

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