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Psalms 45

BSB·17 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1My heartלִבִּ֨י׀lib·bî — Heart; the center of emotion, will, and intellectH3820 — Full Word Study → is stirredרָ֘חַ֤שׁrā·ḥaš — To overflow, pour out, or abundantly expressH7370 — Full Word Study → by a nobleט֗וֹבṭō·wḇ — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study → themeדָּ֘בָ֤רdā·ḇār — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → as Iאָ֭נִי’ā·nî — I, me, myself (first person singular pronoun)H589 — Full Word Study → reciteאֹמֵ֣ר’ō·mêr — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → my versesמַעֲשַׂ֣יma·‘ă·śay — Work, deed, or actionH4639 — Full Word Study → to the kingלְמֶ֑לֶךְlə·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study →; my tongueלְ֝שׁוֹנִ֗יlə·šō·w·nî — Tongue; language; speechH3956 — Full Word Study → is the penעֵ֤ט׀‘êṭ — Writing implement; pen or stylusH5842 — Full Word Study → of a skillfulמָהִֽיר׃mā·hîr — Swift, quick, speedy; ready or willingH4106 — Full Word Study → writerסוֹפֵ֬רsō·w·p̄êr — To count, record, or declareH5608 — Full Word Study →. 2You are the most handsomeיָפְיָפִ֡יתָyā·p̄ə·yā·p̄î·ṯā — to be beautiful; to make fair or attractiveH3302 — Full Word Study → of menמִבְּנֵ֬יmib·bə·nê — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study →; graceחֵ֭ןḥên — Favor, grace, or kindness shown to someoneH2580 — Full Word Study → has anointedה֣וּצַקhū·ṣaq — To pour out; to cast; to overflowH3332 — Full Word Study → your lipsבְּשְׂפְתוֹתֶ֑יךָbə·śə·p̄ə·ṯō·w·ṯe·ḵā — Lips; edge, border, or shoreH8193 — Full Word Study →, since Godאֱלֹהִ֣ים’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → has blessed you foreverבֵּֽרַכְךָ֖bê·raḵ·ḵā — to bless, kneel, praiseH1288 — Full Word Study →. 3Strapחֲגֽוֹר־ḥă·ḡō·wr- — to gird, encircle, or prepare oneselfH2296 — Full Word Study → your swordחַרְבְּךָ֣ḥar·bə·ḵā — sword; blade weaponH2719 — Full Word Study → atעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → your sideיָרֵ֣ךְyā·rêḵ — Thigh; hip; body; loinsH3409 — Full Word Study →, O mighty warriorגִּבּ֑וֹרgib·bō·wr — mighty man, warrior, strong heroH1368 — Full Word Study →; appear in your majestyה֝וֹדְךָ֗hō·wḏ·ḵā — Splendor, majesty, honor, and gloryH1935 — Full Word Study → and splendorוַהֲדָרֶֽךָ׃wa·hă·ḏā·re·ḵā — Glory, majesty, splendor, honorH1926 — Full Word Study →. 4In your splendorוַהֲדָ֬רְךָ֨׀wa·hă·ḏā·rə·ḵā — Glory, majesty, splendor, honorH1926 — Full Word Study → ride forthרְכַ֗בrə·ḵaḇ — to ride, mount, or be carriedH7392 — Full Word Study → in victoryצְלַ֬חṣə·laḥ — To prosper, succeed, push forwardH6743 — Full Word Study → onעַֽל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → behalfדְּבַר־də·ḇar- — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → of truthאֱ֭מֶת’ĕ·meṯ — Truth; faithfulness; reliability; what is established and sureH571 — Full Word Study → and humilityוְעַנְוָה־wə·‘an·wāh- — gentleness, meekness, humilityH6037 — Full Word Study → and justiceצֶ֑דֶקṣe·ḏeq — Righteousness, justice, right standingH6664 — Full Word Study →; may your right handיְמִינֶֽךָ׃yə·mî·ne·ḵā — right hand, right side, southH3225 — Full Word Study → showוְתוֹרְךָ֖wə·ṯō·wr·ḵā — To shoot, throw, or teach; to direct or instructH3384 — Full Word Study → your awesome deedsנוֹרָא֣וֹתnō·w·rā·’ō·wṯ — to fear, revere, or be afraidH3372 — Full Word Study →. 5Your arrowsחִצֶּ֗יךָḥiṣ·ṣe·ḵā — Arrow; projectile weapon or shaftH2671 — Full Word Study → pierceשְׁנ֫וּנִ֥יםšə·nū·nîm — To sharpen; to make keen or acuteH8150 — Full Word Study → the heartsבְּ֝לֵ֗בbə·lêḇ — Heart; the center of emotion, will, and intellectH3820 — Full Word Study → of the king’sהַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ham·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → foesאוֹיְבֵ֥י’ō·wy·ḇê — Enemy; adversary; one who opposesH341 — Full Word Study →; the nationsעַ֭מִּים‘am·mîm — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → fallיִפְּל֑וּyip·pə·lū — to fall; collapse; perishH5307 — Full Word Study → beneath your feetתַּחְתֶּ֣יךָtaḥ·te·ḵā — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study →. 6Your throneכִּסְאֲךָ֣kis·’ă·ḵā — Throne; seat of authority and rulershipH3678 — Full Word Study →, O Godאֱ֭לֹהִים’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →, endures forever and everוָעֶ֑דwā·‘eḏ — perpetuity, eternity, foreverH5703 — Full Word Study →, and justiceמִ֝ישֹׁ֗רmî·šōr — level ground, plains, or moral straightnessH4334 — Full Word Study → is the scepter of Your kingdomמַלְכוּתֶֽךָ׃mal·ḵū·ṯe·ḵā — kingdom, royal rule, sovereigntyH4438 — Full Word Study →. 7You have lovedאָהַ֣בְתָּ’ā·haḇ·tā — To love; affection, attachment, or preferenceH157 — Full Word Study → righteousnessצֶּדֶק֮ṣe·ḏeq — Righteousness, justice, right standingH6664 — Full Word Study → and hatedוַתִּשְׂנָ֫אwat·tiś·nā — to hate, despise, regard with hostilityH8130 — Full Word Study → wickednessרֶ֥שַׁעre·ša‘ — Wickedness, moral evil, depravityH7562 — Full Word Study →; thereforeעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → Godאֱלֹהִ֣ים’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →, your Godאֱ֭לֹהֶיךָ’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →, has anointed youמְשָׁחֲךָ֡mə·šā·ḥă·ḵā — to anoint with oilH4886 — Full Word Study → above your companionsמֵֽחֲבֵרֶֽיךָ׃mê·ḥă·ḇê·re·ḵā — companion, partner, associateH2270 — Full Word Study → with the oilשֶׁ֥מֶןše·men — Oil; ointment; fat; luxuryH8081 — Full Word Study → of joyשָׂשׂ֗וֹןśā·śō·wn — Joy, gladness, rejoicingH8342 — Full Word Study →. 8Allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → your garments are fragrant with myrrhמֹר־mōr- — Myrrh, an aromatic resin used for anointing and embalmingH4753 — Full Word Study → and aloesוַאֲהָל֣וֹתwa·’ă·hā·lō·wṯ — Fragrant aloe wood; aromatic timber used in worship and burialH174 — Full Word Study → and cassiaקְ֭צִיעוֹתqə·ṣî·‘ō·wṯ — Cassia, an aromatic spice barkH7102 — Full Word Study →; fromמִֽן־min- — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → palacesהֵ֥יכְלֵיhê·ḵə·lê — Temple, palace, sanctuary structureH1964 — Full Word Study → of ivoryשֵׁ֝֗ןšēn — Tooth; ivory; sharp edge; cragH8127 — Full Word Study → the harpsמִנִּ֥יmin·nî — string, cord, musical stringH4482 — Full Word Study → make you gladשִׂמְּחֽוּךָ׃śim·mə·ḥū·ḵā — To rejoice, be glad, make merryH8055 — Full Word Study →. 9The daughtersבְּנ֣וֹתbə·nō·wṯ — daughter; female child or descendantH1323 — Full Word Study → of kingsמְ֭לָכִיםmə·lā·ḵîm — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → are among your honored womenבְּיִקְּרוֹתֶ֑יךָbə·yiq·qə·rō·w·ṯe·ḵā — precious, valuable, honoredH3368 — Full Word Study →; the queenשֵׁגַ֥לšê·ḡal — Queen, chief wife of a kingH7694 — Full Word Study → standsנִצְּבָ֥הniṣ·ṣə·ḇāh — To stand, station, or set up firmlyH5324 — Full Word Study → at your right handלִֽ֝ימִינְךָ֗lî·mî·nə·ḵā — right hand, right side, southH3225 — Full Word Study →, adorned with the goldבְּכֶ֣תֶםbə·ḵe·ṯem — pure gold or refined goldH3800 — Full Word Study → of Ophirאוֹפִֽיר׃’ō·w·p̄îr — A distant gold-rich landH211 — Full Word Study →. 10Listenשִׁמְעִי־šim·‘î- — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study →, O daughterבַ֣תḇaṯ — daughter; female child or descendantH1323 — Full Word Study →! Considerוּ֭רְאִיū·rə·’î — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → and inclineוְהַטִּ֣יwə·haṭ·ṭî — to stretch out, extend, incline, bendH5186 — Full Word Study → your earאָזְנֵ֑ךְ’ā·zə·nêḵ — Ear; the organ of hearing and listeningH241 — Full Word Study →: Forgetוְשִׁכְחִ֥יwə·šiḵ·ḥî — to forget, neglect, lose memory ofH7911 — Full Word Study → your peopleעַ֝מֵּ֗ךְ‘am·mêḵ — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → and your father’sאָבִֽיךְ׃’ā·ḇîḵ — H1 — Full Word Study → houseוּבֵ֥יתū·ḇêṯ — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study →, 11and the kingהַמֶּ֣לֶךְham·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → will desireוְיִתְאָ֣וwə·yiṯ·’āw — To desire intensely; to long for or craveH183 — Full Word Study → your beautyיָפְיֵ֑ךְyā·p̄ə·yêḵ — Beauty, comeliness, or splendorH3308 — Full Word Study →; bowוְהִשְׁתַּֽחֲוִי־wə·hiš·ta·ḥă·wî- — To bow down; to worship or show reverenceH7812 — Full Word Study → to him, forכִּי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → heה֥וּאhū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → is your lordאֲ֝דֹנַ֗יִךְ’ă·ḏō·na·yiḵ — Lord, master, owner, rulerH113 — Full Word Study →. 12The Daughterוּבַֽת־ū·ḇaṯ- — daughter; female child or descendantH1323 — Full Word Study → of Tyreצֹ֨ר׀ṣōr — TyreH6865 — Full Word Study → will come with a gift; menעָֽם׃‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → of wealthעֲשִׁ֣ירֵי‘ă·šî·rê — A wealthy or rich person; one possessing abundant resourcesH6223 — Full Word Study → will seekיְחַלּ֗וּyə·ḥal·lū — to be sick, weak, or afflicted; to entreat or beseechH2470 — Full Word Study → your favorפָּנַ֥יִךְpā·na·yiḵ — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study →. 13Allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → gloriousכְּבוּדָּ֣הkə·ḇū·dāh — Glory, splendor, magnificence, or honorable bearingH3520 — Full Word Study → is the princessבַת־ḇaṯ- — daughter; female child or descendantH1323 — Full Word Study → in her chamberפְּנִ֑ימָהpə·nî·māh — within, inward, insideH6441 — Full Word Study →; her gownלְבוּשָֽׁהּ׃lə·ḇū·šāh — Clothing, garment, or apparel worn on the bodyH3830 — Full Word Study → is embroidered with goldזָהָ֣בzā·hāḇ — Gold; precious metal; wealth and valueH2091 — Full Word Study →. 14In colorful garmentsלִרְקָמוֹת֮lir·qā·mō·wṯ — Embroidery; intricately woven or needleworked fabricH7553 — Full Word Study → she is ledתּוּבַ֪לtū·ḇal — to lead, conduct, or carry forthH2986 — Full Word Study → to the kingלַ֫מֶּ֥לֶךְlam·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study →; her virginבְּתוּל֣וֹתbə·ṯū·lō·wṯ — A young woman or virgin; an unmarried girlH1330 — Full Word Study → companionsרֵעוֹתֶ֑יהָrê·‘ō·w·ṯe·hā — Female companion or female friendH7464 — Full Word Study → are broughtמ֖וּבָא֣וֹתmū·ḇā·’ō·wṯ — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → before you. 15They are led inתּ֭וּבַלְנָהtū·ḇal·nāh — to lead, conduct, or carry forthH2986 — Full Word Study → with joyבִּשְׂמָחֹ֣תbiś·mā·ḥōṯ — Joy, gladness, rejoicingH8057 — Full Word Study → and gladnessוָגִ֑ילwā·ḡîl — Joy, gladness, rejoicingH1524 — Full Word Study →; they enterתְּ֝בֹאֶ֗ינָהtə·ḇō·’e·nāh — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → the palaceבְּהֵ֣יכַלbə·hê·ḵal — Temple, palace, sanctuary structureH1964 — Full Word Study → of the kingמֶֽלֶךְ׃me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study →. 16Your sonsבָנֶ֑יךָḇā·ne·ḵā — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → will succeedתַּ֣חַתta·ḥaṯ — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study → your fathersאֲ֭בֹתֶיךָ’ă·ḇō·ṯe·ḵā — H1 — Full Word Study →; you will make themתְּשִׁיתֵ֥מוֹtə·šî·ṯê·mōw — to set, place, or appointH7896 — Full Word Study → princesלְ֝שָׂרִ֗יםlə·śā·rîm — Ruler, leader, or one in authorityH8269 — Full Word Study → throughoutבְּכָל־bə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the landהָאָֽרֶץ׃hā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →. 17I will commemorateאַזְכִּ֣ירָה’az·kî·rāh — to remember, recall, or mentionH2142 — Full Word Study → your nameשִׁ֭מְךָšim·k̲ā — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study → through allבְּכָל־bə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → generationsדֹּ֣רdōr — generation; age; lifetime; posterityH1755 — Full Word Study →; thereforeעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the nationsעַמִּ֥ים‘am·mîm — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → will praise youיְ֝הוֹדֻ֗ךָyə·hō·w·ḏu·ḵā — To give thanks, praise, or acknowledgeH3034 — Full Word Study → foreverלְעֹלָ֥םlə·‘ō·lām — forever, eternity, perpetual durationH5769 — Full Word Study → and everוָעֶֽד׃wā·‘eḏ — perpetuity, eternity, foreverH5703 — Full Word Study →.
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Chapter Commentary — Psalms 45
Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview

Psalm 45 is a royal wedding psalm that celebrates an earthly king's majesty and righteousness, while simultaneously pointing forward to Christ, the ultimate King and Bridegroom. The psalmist overflows with joy at composing a song about the king's splendor (verse 1), then praises his beauty, strength, justice, and eternal throne (verses 2-7). The final section shifts to address the bride, calling her to leave her former life and join the king in glory (verses 8-17). Throughout this psalm, the New Testament Church recognizes a profound foreshadowing of Christ's eternal kingship and His union with His redeemed people.

Verses 1-5: The Psalmist's Commission and the King's Excellence

The psalmist opens with deep emotion: his heart is stirring with inspiration to speak about the king. The metaphor of his tongue being a ready writer's pen emphasizes how naturally and skillfully the words flow—this is Spirit-empowered proclamation. The psalmist then celebrates the king's transcendent beauty (verse 2), which surpasses all other men, and notes that grace has been poured into his lips. This is not mere physical attractiveness; it speaks to character, wisdom, and divine favor. God's eternal blessing rests upon him.

Verses 3-5 shift to the king as a mighty warrior. He is called to gird his sword with glory and majesty, riding forth with truth, meekness, and righteousness—a striking combination of strength and virtue. His arrows find their mark in the enemy's heart, and peoples fall before him. The image suggests a king who conquers not through tyranny but through just and righteous rule. For Christians, this passage beautifully foreshadows Christ's ultimate victory over sin and Satan, achieved through His perfect righteousness.

Verses 6-8: The King's Eternal Throne and Sanctification

Verse 6 makes an extraordinary declaration: "Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever." This directly addresses the king as God—a statement that early Christians understood as pointing unmistakably to Christ's divine nature and eternal reign. The scepter of his kingdom is described as "right," meaning just and true. Unlike earthly kingdoms that rise and fall, this throne endures forever.

Verse 7 explains the basis of his exaltation: he loves righteousness and hates wickedness, so God has anointed him with the oil of gladness above his companions. The anointing speaks to the Holy Spirit's empowerment and the joy that accompanies righteousness. The fragrant garments in verse 8—myrrh, aloes, and cassia from ivory palaces—evoke the gifts brought by the Magi to Jesus and suggest a life of sanctity, consecration, and joy. These details create a portrait of absolute moral perfection united with sovereign authority.

Verses 9-17: The Bride's Transformation and Legacy

The focus now turns to the bride. She is exhorted to forget her own people and father's house (verse 10)—a call to complete devotion and new identity in union with the king. She is assured that the king will greatly desire her beauty and that he is her Lord, worthy of her worship and submission (verse 11). This mirrors the Church's calling to abandon worldly allegiances and cleave wholly to Christ.

Verses 12-15 describe the bride's preparation and procession: the king's daughter is clothed in wrought gold, brought in elaborate needlework, accompanied by virgin companions, and escorted into the palace with gladness and rejoicing. These verses celebrate the dignity, beauty, and joy of covenant union. Finally, verses 16-17 promise that instead of her earthly fathers, she will have children—princes throughout the earth—and her name will be remembered and praised forever. This speaks to the fruitfulness and eternal significance of her union with the king.

Application for Today

Psalm 45 invites believers to marvel at Christ's absolute supremacy and to embrace their identity as His redeemed Bride. We are called to abandon competing loyalties, fix our gaze on His surpassing beauty and righteousness, and enter into the joy of union with Him. The psalmist's overflowing heart reminds us that Christian faith is not mere intellectual assent but passionate adoration. As we await Christ's final return, may we grow in love for Him, in obedience to His righteous rule, and in joyful anticipation of our ultimate wedding feast in glory.

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