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1 Samuel 5

BSB·12 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1After the Philistinesוּפְלִשְׁתִּים֙ū·p̄ə·liš·tîm — PhilistineH6430 — Full Word Study → had capturedלָֽקְח֔וּlā·qə·ḥū — to take, seize, or receiveH3947 — Full Word Study → the arkאֲר֣וֹן’ă·rō·wn — A wooden box or container, often sacredH727 — Full Word Study → of Godהָאֱלֹהִ֑יםhā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →, they took itוַיְבִאֻ֛הוּway·ḇi·’u·hū — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → fromמֵאֶ֥בֶןmê·’e·ḇen — Stone of Help; memorial stone of God's aidH72 — Full Word Study → Ebenezerהָעֵ֖זֶרhā·‘ê·zer — Stone of Help; memorial stone of God's aidH72 — Full Word Study → to Ashdodאַשְׁדּֽוֹדָה׃’aš·dō·w·ḏāh — A major Philistine cityH795 — Full Word Study →, 2carried it intoוַיָּבִ֥יאוּway·yā·ḇî·’ū — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → the templeבֵּ֣יתbêṯ — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study → of Dagonדָּג֑וֹןdā·ḡō·wn — Fish godH1712 — Full Word Study →, and setוַיַּצִּ֥יגוּway·yaṣ·ṣî·ḡū — To station, set up, or establish in placeH3322 — Full Word Study → itאֹת֖וֹ’ō·ṯōw — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → besideאֵ֥צֶל’ê·ṣel — beside, near, close byH681 — Full Word Study → his statue. 3When the people of Ashdodאַשְׁדּוֹדִים֙’aš·dō·w·ḏîm — Ashdod, Philistine cityH796 — Full Word Study → got up earlyוַיַּשְׁכִּ֤מוּway·yaš·ki·mū — To rise early, get up in the morningH7925 — Full Word Study → the next morningמִֽמָּחֳרָ֔תmim·mā·ḥo·rāṯ — The next day, morrow, following dayH4283 — Full Word Study →, thereוְהִנֵּ֣הwə·hin·nêh — Look! Behold! Pay attention!H2009 — Full Word Study → was Dagonדָג֗וֹןḏā·ḡō·wn — Fish godH1712 — Full Word Study →, fallenנֹפֵ֤לnō·p̄êl — to fall; collapse; perishH5307 — Full Word Study → on his faceלְפָנָיו֙lə·p̄ā·nāw — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → beforeלִפְנֵ֖יlip̄·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → the arkאֲר֣וֹן’ă·rō·wn — A wooden box or container, often sacredH727 — Full Word Study → of the LORDיְהוָ֑הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →. So they tookוַיִּקְחוּ֙way·yiq·ḥū — to take, seize, or receiveH3947 — Full Word Study → Dagonדָּג֔וֹןdā·ḡō·wn — Fish godH1712 — Full Word Study → and returnedוַיָּשִׁ֥בוּway·yā·ši·ḇū — to turn back, return, restoreH7725 — Full Word Study → himאֹת֖וֹ’ō·ṯōw — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → to his placeלִמְקוֹמֽוֹ׃lim·qō·w·mōw — A place, location, or spaceH4725 — Full Word Study →. 4But when they got up earlyוַיַּשְׁכִּ֣מוּway·yaš·ki·mū — To rise early, get up in the morningH7925 — Full Word Study → the nextמִֽמָּחֳרָת֒mim·mā·ḥo·rāṯ — The next day, morrow, following dayH4283 — Full Word Study → morningבַבֹּקֶר֮ḇab·bō·qer — Morning; daybreak; the early part of the dayH1242 — Full Word Study →, thereוְהִנֵּ֣הwə·hin·nêh — Look! Behold! Pay attention!H2009 — Full Word Study → was Dagonדָג֗וֹןḏā·ḡō·wn — Fish godH1712 — Full Word Study →, fallenנֹפֵ֤לnō·p̄êl — to fall; collapse; perishH5307 — Full Word Study → on his faceלְפָנָיו֙lə·p̄ā·nāw — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → beforeלִפְנֵ֖יlip̄·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → the arkאֲר֣וֹן’ă·rō·wn — A wooden box or container, often sacredH727 — Full Word Study → of the LORDיְהוָ֑הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →, with his head and his handsיָדָ֗יוyā·ḏāw — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → broken offכְּרֻתוֹת֙kə·ru·ṯō·wṯ — To cut; to make a covenantH3772 — Full Word Study → and lying onאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the thresholdהַמִּפְתָּ֔ןham·mip̄·tān — Threshold, doorway entranceH4670 — Full Word Study →. Onlyרַ֥קraq — only, merely, nothing butH7535 — Full Word Study → the torso remainedנִשְׁאַ֥רniš·’ar — To remain, be left over, surviveH7604 — Full Word Study →. 5That is whyעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study →, toעַ֖ד‘aḏ — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → thisהַזֶּֽה׃סhaz·zeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study → dayהַיּ֥וֹםhay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study →, the priestsכֹהֲנֵ֨יḵō·hă·nê — priest; one who serves in God's sanctuaryH3548 — Full Word Study → of Dagonדָג֜וֹןḏā·ḡō·wn — Fish godH1712 — Full Word Study → and allוְכָֽל־wə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → who enterהַבָּאִ֧יםhab·bā·’îm — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → the templeבֵּית־bêṯ- — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study → of Dagonדָּג֛וֹןdā·ḡō·wn — Fish godH1712 — Full Word Study → in Ashdodבְּאַשְׁדּ֑וֹדbə·’aš·dō·wḏ — A major Philistine cityH795 — Full Word Study → do notלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → stepיִדְרְכוּ֩yiḏ·rə·ḵū — to tread, walk, or trample; to guide or leadH1869 — Full Word Study → onעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the thresholdמִפְתַּ֥ןmip̄·tan — Threshold, doorway entranceH4670 — Full Word Study →. 6Now the handיַד־yaḏ- — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → of the LORDיְהוָ֛הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → was heavyוַתִּכְבַּ֧דwat·tiḵ·baḏ — to honor, glorify, or make heavy/weightyH3513 — Full Word Study → onאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the people of Ashdodהָאַשְׁדּוֹדִ֖יםhā·’aš·dō·w·ḏîm — Ashdod, Philistine cityH796 — Full Word Study → andוְאֶת־wə·’eṯ- — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → its vicinityגְּבוּלֶֽיהָ׃gə·ḇū·le·hā — boundary, border, or limit of a regionH1366 — Full Word Study →, ravaging themוַיְשִׁמֵּ֑םway·šim·mêm — to be desolate; to be appalled; to lie wasteH8074 — Full Word Study → and afflictingוַיַּ֤ךְway·yaḵ — To strike, smite, or defeat with forceH5221 — Full Word Study → themאֹתָם֙’ō·ṯām — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → with tumorsבָּעֳפָלִיםbå̄·ʿo·p̄å̄·līm — Tumor; mound or fortified hillH6076 — Full Word Study →. 7And when the menאַנְשֵֽׁי־’an·šê- — human being, man, mortal personH582 — Full Word Study → of Ashdodאַשְׁדּ֖וֹד’aš·dō·wḏ — A major Philistine cityH795 — Full Word Study → sawוַיִּרְא֥וּway·yir·’ū — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → what was happeningכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study →, they saidוְאָמְר֗וּwə·’ā·mə·rū — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “The arkאֲר֨וֹן’ă·rō·wn — A wooden box or container, often sacredH727 — Full Word Study → of the Godאֱלֹהֵ֤י’ĕ·lō·hê — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙yiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study → must notלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → stayיֵשֵׁ֞בyê·šêḇ — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → here with usעִמָּ֔נוּ‘im·mā·nū — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study →, becauseכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → His handיָדוֹ֙yā·ḏōw — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → is heavyקָשְׁתָ֤הqā·šə·ṯāh — to harden, make severe or difficultH7185 — Full Word Study → upon usעָלֵ֔ינוּ‘ā·lê·nū — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → and uponוְעַ֖לwə·‘al — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → our godאֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃’ĕ·lō·hê·nū — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → Dagonדָּג֥וֹןdā·ḡō·wn — Fish godH1712 — Full Word Study →.” 8So they called togetherוַיַּאַסְפוּ֩way·ya·’as·p̄ū — to gather, assemble, collectH622 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the rulersסַרְנֵ֨יsar·nê — ruler, lord, or axle; a peer or leaderH5633 — Full Word Study → of the Philistinesפְלִשְׁתִּ֜יםp̄ə·liš·tîm — PhilistineH6430 — Full Word Study → and askedוַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙way·yō·mə·rū — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Whatמַֽה־mah- — What? Why? How? (interrogative particle)H4100 — Full Word Study → shall we doנַּעֲשֶׂ֗הna·‘ă·śeh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → with the arkלַֽאֲרוֹן֙la·’ă·rō·wn — A wooden box or container, often sacredH727 — Full Word Study → of the God ofאֱלֹהֵ֣י’ĕ·lō·hê — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לyiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study →?” “It must be movedיִסֹּ֔בyis·sōḇ — to turn, surround, go aroundH5437 — Full Word Study → to Gathגַּ֣תgaṯ — A Philistine cityH1661 — Full Word Study →,” they repliedוַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּway·yō·mə·rū — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →. So they carried awayוַיַּסֵּ֕בּוּway·yas·sêb·bū — to turn, surround, go aroundH5437 — Full Word Study → the arkאֲר֖וֹן’ă·rō·wn — A wooden box or container, often sacredH727 — Full Word Study → of the Godאֱלֹהֵ֥י’ĕ·lō·hê — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃סyiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study →. 9But afterאַחֲרֵ֣י׀’a·ḥă·rê — after, behind, followingH310 — Full Word Study → they had movedהֵסַ֣בּוּhê·sab·bū — to turn, surround, go aroundH5437 — Full Word Study → the ark to Gath, the LORD’sיְהוָ֤ה׀Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → handיַד־yaḏ- — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → was alsoוַיְהִ֞יway·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → against that cityבָּעִיר֙bā·‘îr — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study →, throwing it into great confusionמְהוּמָה֙mə·hū·māh — tumult, confusion, panic, or discomfitureH4103 — Full Word Study → and afflictingוַיַּךְ֙way·yaḵ — To strike, smite, or defeat with forceH5221 — Full Word Study → the menאַנְשֵׁ֣י’an·šê — human being, man, mortal personH582 — Full Word Study → of the cityהָעִ֔ירhā·‘îr — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study →, both youngמִקָּטֹ֖ןmiq·qā·ṭōn — Small, little, least, or young in size, number, age, or importanceH6996 — Full Word Study → andוְעַד־wə·‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → oldגָּד֑וֹלgā·ḏō·wl — Great, mighty, large in size or significanceH1419 — Full Word Study →, with an outbreakוַיִּשָּׂתְר֥וּway·yiś·śā·ṯə·rū — to conceal, hide, keep secretH8368 — Full Word Study → of tumorsעֳפָלִים׃ʿo·p̄å̄·līm — Tumor; mound or fortified hillH6076 — Full Word Study →. 10So they sentוַֽיְשַׁלְּח֛וּway·šal·lə·ḥū — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → the arkאֲר֥וֹן’ă·rō·wn — A wooden box or container, often sacredH727 — Full Word Study → of Godהָאֱלֹהִ֖יםhā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → to Ekronעֶקְר֑וֹן‘eq·rō·wn — Stronghold or UprootingH6138 — Full Word Study →, but as itאֲר֤וֹן’ă·rō·wn — A wooden box or container, often sacredH727 — Full Word Study → arrivedכְּב֨וֹאkə·ḇō·w — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study →, the Ekronitesהָֽעֶקְרֹנִ֜יםhā·‘eq·rō·nîm — Philistine cityH6139 — Full Word Study → cried outוַיִּזְעֲק֨וּway·yiz·‘ă·qū — To cry out, call for help, summonH2199 — Full Word Study →, “They have broughtהֵסַ֤בּוּhê·sab·bū — to turn, surround, go aroundH5437 — Full Word Study → usאֵלַי֙’ê·lay — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the arkאֲרוֹן֙’ă·rō·wn — A wooden box or container, often sacredH727 — Full Word Study → of the Godאֱלֹהֵ֣י’ĕ·lō·hê — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לyiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study → in order to kill usלַהֲמִיתֵ֖נִיla·hă·mî·ṯê·nî — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study → andוְאֶת־wə·’eṯ- — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → our peopleעַמִּֽי׃‘am·mî — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →!” 11Then the Ekronites assembled allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the rulersסַרְנֵ֣יsar·nê — ruler, lord, or axle; a peer or leaderH5633 — Full Word Study → of the Philistinesפְלִשְׁתִּ֗יםp̄ə·liš·tîm — PhilistineH6430 — Full Word Study → and saidוַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙way·yō·mə·rū — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Send awayשַׁלְּח֞וּšal·lə·ḥū — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → the arkאֲר֨וֹן’ă·rō·wn — A wooden box or container, often sacredH727 — Full Word Study → of the Godאֱלֹהֵ֤י’ĕ·lō·hê — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙yiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study →. It must returnוְיָשֹׁ֣בwə·yā·šōḇ — to turn back, return, restoreH7725 — Full Word Study → to its placeלִמְקֹמ֔וֹlim·qō·mōw — A place, location, or spaceH4725 — Full Word Study →, so that it will notוְלֹֽא־wə·lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → killיָמִ֥יתyā·mîṯ — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study → usאֹתִ֖י’ō·ṯî — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → and our peopleעַמִּ֑י‘am·mî — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →!” Forכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → a deadlyמָ֙וֶת֙mā·weṯ — death, the state of being deadH4194 — Full Word Study → confusionמְהֽוּמַת־mə·hū·maṯ- — tumult, confusion, panic, or discomfitureH4103 — Full Word Study → had pervadedהָיְתָ֤הhā·yə·ṯāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → the cityהָעִ֔ירhā·‘îr — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study →; the handיַ֥דyaḏ — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → of Godהָאֱלֹהִ֖יםhā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → was heavyכָּבְדָ֥הkā·ḇə·ḏāh — to honor, glorify, or make heavy/weightyH3513 — Full Word Study → upon itשָֽׁם׃šām — There, in that placeH8033 — Full Word Study →. 12Thoseוְהָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙wə·hā·’ă·nā·šîm — human being, man, mortal personH582 — Full Word Study → whoאֲשֶׁ֣ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → did notלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → dieמֵ֔תוּmê·ṯū — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study → were afflictedהֻכּ֖וּhuk·kū — To strike, smite, or defeat with forceH5221 — Full Word Study → with tumorsבָּעֳפָלִיםbå̄·ʿo·p̄å̄·līm — Tumor; mound or fortified hillH6076 — Full Word Study →, and the outcryשַֽׁוְעַ֥תšaw·‘aṯ — A cry, outcry, or shout of distressH7775 — Full Word Study → of the cityהָעִ֖ירhā·‘îr — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study → went upוַתַּ֛עַלwat·ta·‘al — to ascend, rise up, go upH5927 — Full Word Study → to heavenהַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃haš·šā·mā·yim — The heavens; sky; dwelling place of GodH8064 — Full Word Study →.
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Chapter Commentary — 1 Samuel 5
Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview

First Samuel 5 demonstrates the supreme power of the God of Israel over the false gods of the pagan nations. After the Philistines capture the Ark of the Covenant in battle, they place it in the temple of Dagon, their primary deity. What follows is a dramatic and humbling display of divine judgment: Dagon's idol falls repeatedly before the Ark, the city is struck with a plague of tumors, and panic spreads throughout Philistine territory. This chapter shows that the Lord cannot be contained, defeated, or mocked—His presence and holiness are far greater than any human or earthly power, even when His people have suffered defeat.

Verses 1–5: Dagon Falls Before the Ark

The Philistines, flush with victory after defeating Israel and capturing the Ark at Ebenezer, transport it to Ashdod and place it in the house of Dagon (vv. 1–2). Dagon was the chief deity of the Philistines, a grain god depicted as part man and part fish. By positioning the Ark next to Dagon's statue, the Philistines intended to demonstrate that their god had triumphed over Israel's God.

But the Lord had other plans. On the following morning, the people of Ashdod discovered that Dagon had fallen on his face before the Ark (v. 3). They set the idol upright, treating the incident as an accident. The next morning brought a far more dramatic sign: Dagon had fallen again, but this time his head and both hands were severed and lay on the threshold (v. 4). The threshold was particularly significant—it was considered sacred space, and no priest would cross it afterward (v. 5). This detail, preserved to the narrator's present day, authenticates the account and shows how deeply this event affected Philistine religious practice.

Application: This passage reminds us that the Lord will not share His glory with idols. Though circumstances may sometimes appear as though evil is triumphing, God's sovereignty is absolute and will ultimately be vindicated. We can trust that His purposes cannot be thwarted.

Verses 6–12: Divine Judgment Spreads Through Philistine Cities

The judgment against Ashdod intensifies dramatically. The Lord's hand became "heavy" upon the city, and He struck the people with emerods—a disease that many scholars identify as tumors or boils, likely in their most sensitive and shameful places (v. 6). The plague was so severe that both the city proper and surrounding towns suffered (v. 6).

Recognizing divine judgment, the leaders of Ashdod decided to send the Ark away (v. 7). They acknowledged that both Israel's God and Dagon were bringing destruction upon them—a confession, however reluctant, of the Lord's power. The Philistine lords then convened to decide what to do (v. 8). Instead of returning the Ark to Israel, they attempted to transfer the problem by sending it to Gath (v. 8). But the judgment followed: Gath experienced "a very great destruction," with tumors afflicting both great and small (v. 9).

Desperate, they sent the Ark to Ekron, but the Ekronites immediately cried out in terror, understanding that the Ark's presence meant certain death for their city (v. 10). Finally, the lords of all Philistia gathered and made the only wise decision: they would send the Ark back to Israel (vv. 11–12). The death toll and suffering throughout Philistine territory had become unbearable, with the survivors covered in the shameful plague and crying out to heaven (v. 12).

Application: Resistance to God's will only prolongs suffering. The Philistines' attempts to manage the problem on their own terms failed repeatedly. True wisdom recognizes God's hand and responds with submission rather than evasion.

Application for Today

First Samuel 5 calls us to reverence the holiness and power of God. In our secular age, many attempt to marginalize or ignore God's authority. Yet this chapter demonstrates that His purposes cannot be frustrated by human schemes or false religions. When we encounter God's Word and God's truth, we face a choice: submit or suffer the consequences of resistance. May we respond with humble faith, recognizing that our only true safety lies in honoring and obeying the one true God.

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