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1 Samuel 18

BSB·30 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1Afterוַיְהִ֗יway·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → David had finishedכְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙kə·ḵal·lō·ṯōw — to finish, complete, or bring to an endH3615 — Full Word Study → speakingלְדַבֵּ֣רlə·ḏab·bêr — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → withאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Saulשָׁא֔וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study →, the soulsוְנֶ֙פֶשׁ֙wə·ne·p̄eš — soul, life, person, selfH5315 — Full Word Study → of Jonathanיְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → and Davidדָּוִ֑דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → were knit togetherנִקְשְׁרָ֖הniq·šə·rāh — to bind together; to conspire or plotH7194 — Full Word Study →, and Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֖ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → loved himוַיֶּאֱהָבוֹway·yɛ·ʾɛ̆·hå̄·ḇō — To love; affection, attachment, or preferenceH157 — Full Word Study → as himselfכְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃kə·nap̄·šōw — soul, life, person, selfH5315 — Full Word Study →. 2And from thatהַה֑וּאha·hū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → dayבַּיּ֣וֹםbay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → Saulשָׁא֖וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → kept David with himוַיִּקָּחֵ֥הוּway·yiq·qā·ḥê·hū — to take, seize, or receiveH3947 — Full Word Study → and did notוְלֹ֣אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → let himנְתָנ֔וֹnə·ṯā·nōw — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → returnלָשׁ֖וּבlā·šūḇ — to turn back, return, restoreH7725 — Full Word Study → to his father’sאָבִֽיו׃’ā·ḇîw — H1 — Full Word Study → houseבֵּ֥יתbêṯ — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study →. 3Then Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֛ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → madeוַיִּכְרֹ֧תway·yiḵ·rōṯ — To cut; to make a covenantH3772 — Full Word Study → a covenantבְּרִ֑יתbə·rîṯ — A binding agreement or covenant between partiesH1285 — Full Word Study → with Davidוְדָוִ֖דwə·ḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → because he lovedבְּאַהֲבָת֥וֹbə·’a·hă·ḇā·ṯōw — Love, affection, devotionH160 — Full Word Study → himאֹת֖וֹ’ō·ṯōw — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → as himselfכְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃kə·nap̄·šōw — soul, life, person, selfH5315 — Full Word Study →. 4And Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֗ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → removedוַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁ֣טway·yiṯ·paš·šêṭ — to strip, plunder, or invadeH6584 — Full Word Study → the robeהַמְּעִיל֙ham·mə·‘îl — A long robe or outer garment; cloakH4598 — Full Word Study → he was wearingעָלָ֔יו‘ā·lāw — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → and gaveוַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖הוּway·yit·tə·nê·hū — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → it to Davidלְדָוִ֑דlə·ḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →, along with his tunicוּמַדָּ֕יוū·mad·dāw — garment, clothing, or measureH4055 — Full Word Study →, his swordחַרְבּ֥וֹḥar·bōw — sword; blade weaponH2719 — Full Word Study →, his bowקַשְׁתּ֖וֹqaš·tōw — bow (weapon); arcH7198 — Full Word Study →, and his beltחֲגֹרֽוֹ׃ḥă·ḡō·rōw — belt, girdle, or garment worn around the waistH2290 — Full Word Study →. 5So Davidדָוִ֜דḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → marched outוַיֵּצֵ֨אway·yê·ṣê — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → and prospered in everythingבְּכֹל֩bə·ḵōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → Saulשָׁאוּל֙šā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → sent him to doיִשְׁלָחֶ֤נּוּyiš·lā·ḥen·nū — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study →, and Saulשָׁא֔וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → set himוַיְשִׂמֵ֣הוּway·śi·mê·hū — to put, place, set, appointH7760 — Full Word Study → overעַ֖ל‘al — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the menאַנְשֵׁ֣י’an·šê — human being, man, mortal personH582 — Full Word Study → of warהַמִּלְחָמָ֑הham·mil·ḥā·māh — Battle, warfare, combat, military conflictH4421 — Full Word Study →. And this was pleasingוַיִּיטַב֙way·yî·ṭaḇ — to be good, to improve, to do wellH3190 — Full Word Study → in the sightבְּעֵינֵ֣יbə·‘ê·nê — Eye; sight; appearance; fountainH5869 — Full Word Study → of allכָל־ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָ֔םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →, and of Saul’sשָׁאֽוּל׃פšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → officersעַבְדֵ֥י‘aḇ·ḏê — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → as wellוְגַ֕םwə·ḡam — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study →. 6As the troopsוַיְהִ֣יway·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → were returning homeבְּשׁ֤וּבbə·šūḇ — to turn back, return, restoreH7725 — Full Word Study → after Davidדָּוִד֙dā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → had killedמֵהַכּ֣וֹתmê·hak·kō·wṯ — To strike, smite, or defeat with forceH5221 — Full Word Study → the Philistineהַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יhap·pə·liš·tî — PhilistineH6430 — Full Word Study →, the womenהַנָּשִׁ֜יםhan·nā·šîm — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study → came outוַתֵּצֶ֨אנָהwat·tê·ṣe·nāh — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → of allמִכָּל־mik·kāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the citiesעָרֵ֤י‘ā·rê — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study → of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙yiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study → to meetלִקְרַ֖אתliq·raṯ — to meet, encounter, or come upon (often by chance or unexpectedly)H7122 — Full Word Study → Kingהַמֶּ֑לֶךְham·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → Saulשָׁא֣וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → with singingלָשׁוּרlå̄·šūr — to sing, make musicH7891 — Full Word Study → and dancingוְהַמְּחֹל֔וֹתwə·ham·mə·ḥō·lō·wṯ — Dance, dancing, or company of dancersH4246 — Full Word Study →, with joyful songsבְּשִׂמְחָ֖הbə·śim·ḥāh — Joy, gladness, rejoicingH8057 — Full Word Study →, and with tambourinesבְּתֻפִּ֥יםbə·ṯup·pîm — Tambourine; hand drum used in celebrationH8596 — Full Word Study → and other instrumentsוּבְשָׁלִשִֽׁים׃ū·ḇə·šā·li·šîm — Officer of high rank; captain; commanderH7991 — Full Word Study →. 7And as the women dancedהַֽמְשַׂחֲק֖וֹתham·śa·ḥă·qō·wṯ — to laugh, mock, or make sportH7832 — Full Word Study →, they sang outוַֽתַּעֲנֶ֛ינָהwat·ta·‘ă·ne·nāh — To answer, respond, or testifyH6030 — Full Word Study →: “Saulשָׁאוּל֙šā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → has slainהִכָּ֤הhik·kāh — To strike, smite, or defeat with forceH5221 — Full Word Study → his thousands, and Davidוְדָוִ֖דwə·ḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → his tens of thousandsבְּרִבְבֹתָֽיו׃bə·riḇ·ḇō·ṯāw — A myriad; an immense multitude or ten thousandH7233 — Full Word Study →.” 8And Saulלְשָׁא֜וּלlə·šā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → was furiousוַיִּ֨חַרway·yi·ḥar — to burn with anger, become incensedH2734 — Full Word Study → and resentedוַיֵּ֤רַעway·yê·ra‘ — to break, spoil, or do evilH7489 — Full Word Study → thisהַזֶּ֔הhaz·zeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study → songהַדָּבָ֣רhad·dā·ḇār — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study →. “They have ascribedנָתְנ֤וּnā·ṯə·nū — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → tens of thousandsרְבָב֔וֹתrə·ḇā·ḇō·wṯ — A myriad; an immense multitude or ten thousandH7233 — Full Word Study → to Davidלְדָוִד֙lə·ḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →,” he saidוַיֹּ֗אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “but onlyנָתְנ֖וּnā·ṯə·nū — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → thousandsהָאֲלָפִ֑יםhā·’ă·lā·p̄îm — A thousand; a large military unit or census numberH505 — Full Word Study → to me. What moreוְע֥וֹדwə·‘ō·wḏ — still, yet, again, continuing or additional occurrenceH5750 — Full Word Study → can he have butאַ֥ךְ’aḵ — Surely, certainly, only, neverthelessH389 — Full Word Study → the kingdomהַמְּלוּכָֽה׃ham·mə·lū·ḵāh — Kingship, royal authority, sovereigntyH4410 — Full Word Study →?” 9Andוַיְהִ֥יway·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → from thatהַה֖וּאha·hū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → dayמֵהַיּ֥וֹםmê·hay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → forwardוָהָֽלְאָה׃סwā·hā·lə·’āh — Beyond, further, yonder; forward or back in space/timeH1973 — Full Word Study → Saulשָׁא֖וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → kept a jealous eyeעָוֹןʿå̄·wōn — Iniquity, guilt, or moral wrongdoingH5771 — Full Word Study → on Davidדָּוִ֑דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →. 10The next dayמִֽמָּחֳרָ֗תmim·mā·ḥo·rāṯ — The next day, morrow, following dayH4283 — Full Word Study → a spiritרוּחַ֩rū·aḥ — Spirit, breath, wind, or inner dispositionH7307 — Full Word Study → of distressרָעָ֤ה׀rā·‘āh — evil, bad, harm, disasterH7451 — Full Word Study → sent from Godאֱלֹהִ֨ים׀’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → cameוַתִּצְלַ֣חwat·tiṣ·laḥ — To prosper, succeed, push forwardH6743 — Full Word Study → uponאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Saulשָׁאוּל֙šā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study →, and he prophesiedוַיִּתְנַבֵּ֣אway·yiṯ·nab·bê — To speak forth God's message; to prophesyH5012 — Full Word Study → inside theבְתוֹךְ־ḇə·ṯō·wḵ- — midst, among, between, throughH8432 — Full Word Study → houseהַבַּ֔יִתhab·ba·yiṯ — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study → while Davidוְדָוִ֛דwə·ḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → played the harp as usualבְּי֑וֹםbə·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study →. Now Saulשָׁאֽוּל׃šā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → was holdingבְּיָד֖וֹbə·yā·ḏōw — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → a spearוְהַחֲנִ֖יתwə·ha·ḥă·nîṯ — Spear; a long-shafted weaponH2595 — Full Word Study →, 11and heשָׁאוּל֙šā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → hurled itוַיָּ֤טֶלway·yā·ṭel — to throw, cast, or hurl awayH2904 — Full Word Study →, thinkingוַיֹּ֕אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “I will pinאַכֶּ֥ה’ak·keh — To strike, smite, or defeat with forceH5221 — Full Word Study → Davidבְדָוִ֖דḇə·ḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → to the wallוּבַקִּ֑ירū·ḇaq·qîr — A wall; a barrier or fortificationH7023 — Full Word Study →.” But Davidדָּוִ֛דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → eludedוַיִּסֹּ֥בway·yis·sōḇ — to turn, surround, go aroundH5437 — Full Word Study → himמִפָּנָ֖יוmip·pā·nāw — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → twiceפַּעֲמָֽיִם׃pa·‘ă·mā·yim — time, occasion, or instance of occurrenceH6471 — Full Word Study →. 12So Saulשָׁא֖וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → was afraidוַיִּרָ֥אway·yi·rā — to fear, revere, or be afraidH3372 — Full Word Study → ofמִלִּפְנֵ֣יmil·lip̄·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → Davidדָוִ֑דḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →, becauseכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → wasהָיָ֤הhā·yāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → with Davidעִמּ֔וֹ‘im·mōw — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → butוּמֵעִ֥םū·mê·‘im — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → had departedסָֽר׃sār — to turn aside, depart, removeH5493 — Full Word Study → from Saulשָׁא֖וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study →. 13Therefore Saulשָׁאוּל֙šā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → sent David away and gaveוַיְשִׂמֵ֥הוּway·śi·mê·hū — to put, place, set, appointH7760 — Full Word Study → him commandשַׂר־śar- — Ruler, leader, or one in authorityH8269 — Full Word Study → of a thousand menאָ֑לֶף’ā·lep̄ — A thousand; a large military unit or census numberH505 — Full Word Study →. David ledוַיֵּצֵ֥אway·yê·ṣê — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → the troops out to battle and backוַיָּבֹ֖אway·yā·ḇō — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study →, 14and he continuedוַיְהִ֥יway·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → to prosperמַשְׂכִּ֑ילmaś·kîl — To act wisely; to understand, prosper, or give skillH7919 — Full Word Study → in allלְכָל־lə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → his waysדְּרָכָ֖וdə·rå̄·ḵå̄w — way, path, journey, conductH1870 — Full Word Study →, because the LORDוַֽיהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → was with himעִמּֽוֹ׃‘im·mōw — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study →. 15When Saulשָׁא֔וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → sawוַיַּ֣רְאway·yar — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer- — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → Davidה֖וּאhū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → was veryמְאֹ֑דmə·’ōḏ — Much, greatly, very, exceedinglyH3966 — Full Word Study → successfulמַשְׂכִּ֣ילmaś·kîl — To act wisely; to understand, prosper, or give skillH7919 — Full Word Study →, he was afraidוַיָּ֖גָרway·yā·ḡār — to sojourn, dwell as a stranger, fearH1481 — Full Word Study → of himמִפָּנָֽיו׃mip·pā·nāw — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study →. 16But allוְכָל־wə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙yiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study → and Judahוִיהוּדָ֔הwî·hū·ḏāh — The Lord is praisedH3063 — Full Word Study → lovedאֹהֵ֖ב’ō·hêḇ — To love; affection, attachment, or preferenceH157 — Full Word Study → Davidדָּוִ֑דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →, becauseכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → heה֛וּאhū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → was leading them out to battleיוֹצֵ֥אyō·w·ṣê — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → and backוָבָ֖אwā·ḇā — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study →. 17Then Saulשָׁא֜וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Davidדָּוִ֗דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →, “Hereהִנֵּה֩hin·nêh — Look! Behold! Pay attention!H2009 — Full Word Study → is my olderהַגְּדוֹלָ֤הhag·gə·ḏō·w·lāh — Great, mighty, large in size or significanceH1419 — Full Word Study → daughterבִתִּ֨יḇit·tî — daughter; female child or descendantH1323 — Full Word Study → Merabמֵרַב֙mê·raḇ — Abundance, IncreaseH4764 — Full Word Study →. I will give herאֶתֶּן־’et·ten- — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → to you in marriageלְאִשָּׁ֔הlə·’iš·šāh — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study →. Onlyאַ֚ךְ’aḵ — Surely, certainly, only, neverthelessH389 — Full Word Study → beהֱיֵה־hĕ·yêh- — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → valiantחַ֔יִלḥa·yil — Army, force, or wealthH2428 — Full Word Study → for me and fightוְהִלָּחֵ֖םwə·hil·lā·ḥêm — to fight; to consume; to battleH3898 — Full Word Study → the LORD’sיְהוָ֑הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → battlesמִלְחֲמ֣וֹתmil·ḥă·mō·wṯ — Battle, warfare, combat, military conflictH4421 — Full Word Study →.” But Saulוְשָׁא֣וּלwə·šā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → was thinkingאָמַ֗ר’ā·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “I need not raiseתְּהִ֤יtə·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → my handיָדִי֙yā·ḏî — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → against him; let the handיַד־yaḏ- — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃סpə·liš·tîm — PhilistineH6430 — Full Word Study → beוּתְהִי־ū·ṯə·hî- — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → against him.” 18And Davidדָּוִ֜דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Saulשָׁא֗וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study →, “Whoמִ֤יmî — who? what person?H4310 — Full Word Study → am Iאָֽנֹכִי֙’ā·nō·ḵî — I, myself (first-person singular pronoun)H595 — Full Word Study →, and whatוּמִ֣יū·mî — who? what person?H4310 — Full Word Study → is my familyחַיַּ֔יḥay·yay — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study → or my father’sאָבִ֖י’ā·ḇî — H1 — Full Word Study → clanמִשְׁפַּ֥חַתmiš·pa·ḥaṯ — Family, clan, household groupH4940 — Full Word Study → in Israelבְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לbə·yiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study →, thatכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → I should becomeאֶהְיֶ֥ה’eh·yeh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → the son-in-lawחָתָ֖ןḥā·ṯān — bridegroom; son-in-lawH2860 — Full Word Study → of the kingלַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃lam·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study →?” 19So when it wasוַיְהִ֗יway·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → timeבְּעֵ֥תbə·‘êṯ — Time, season, or appointed momentH6256 — Full Word Study → to giveתֵּ֛תtêṯ — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → Saul’sשָׁא֖וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → daughterבַּת־baṯ- — daughter; female child or descendantH1323 — Full Word Study → Merabמֵרַ֥בmê·raḇ — Abundance, IncreaseH4764 — Full Word Study → to Davidלְדָוִ֑דlə·ḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →, sheוְהִ֧יאwə·hî — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → was givenנִתְּנָ֛הnit·tə·nāh — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → in marriageלְאִשָּֽׁה׃lə·’iš·šāh — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study → to Adrielלְעַדְרִיאֵ֥לlə·‘aḏ·rî·’êl — God is my helpH5741 — Full Word Study → of Meholahהַמְּחֹלָתִ֖יham·mə·ḥō·lā·ṯî — From Meholah, a placeH4259 — Full Word Study →. 20Now Saul’sשָׁא֖וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → daughterבַּת־baṯ- — daughter; female child or descendantH1323 — Full Word Study → Michalמִיכַ֥לmî·ḵal — Who is like GodH4324 — Full Word Study → lovedוַתֶּאֱהַ֛בwat·te·’ĕ·haḇ — To love; affection, attachment, or preferenceH157 — Full Word Study → Davidדָּוִ֑דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →, and when this was reportedוַיַּגִּ֣דוּway·yag·gi·ḏū — to tell, declare, make knownH5046 — Full Word Study → to Saulלְשָׁא֔וּלlə·šā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study →, itהַדָּבָ֖רhad·dā·ḇār — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → pleasedוַיִּשַׁ֥רway·yi·šar — to make straight; to direct; to be right or uprightH3474 — Full Word Study → himבְּעֵינָֽיו׃bə·‘ê·nāw — Eye; sight; appearance; fountainH5869 — Full Word Study →. 21I will give herאֶתְּנֶ֤נָּה’et·tə·nen·nāh — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → to David,” Saulשָׁא֜וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → thoughtוַיֹּ֨אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “so that she may beוּתְהִי־ū·ṯə·hî- — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → a snareלְמוֹקֵ֔שׁlə·mō·w·qêš — snare, trap, or netH4170 — Full Word Study → to him, and the handיַד־yaḏ- — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםpə·liš·tîm — PhilistineH6430 — Full Word Study → may beוּתְהִי־ū·ṯə·hî- — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → against him.” So Saulשָׁאוּל֙šā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Davidדָּוִ֔דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →, “For a second time nowהַיּֽוֹם׃hay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → you can be my son-in-lawתִּתְחַתֵּ֥ןtiṯ·ḥat·tên — To give in marriage; to form a family alliance through marriageH2859 — Full Word Study →.” 22Then Saulשָׁא֜וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → orderedוַיְצַ֨וway·ṣaw — to command, order, or appoint with authorityH6680 — Full Word Study → his servantsעֲבָדָ֗וʿă·ḇå̄·ḏå̄w — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study →, “Speakדַּבְּר֨וּdab·bə·rū — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Davidדָּוִ֤דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → privatelyבַּלָּט֙bal·lāṭ — secrecy, hidden action, concealmentH3909 — Full Word Study → and tell himלֵאמֹ֔רlê·mōr — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, ‘Beholdהִנֵּ֨הhin·nêh — Look! Behold! Pay attention!H2009 — Full Word Study →, the kingהַמֶּ֔לֶךְham·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → is pleasedחָפֵ֤ץḥā·p̄êṣ — to delight in; to desire; to take pleasureH2654 — Full Word Study → with you, and allוְכָל־wə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → his servantsעֲבָדָ֖יו‘ă·ḇā·ḏāw — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → love youאֲהֵב֑וּךָ’ă·hê·ḇū·ḵā — To love; affection, attachment, or preferenceH157 — Full Word Study →. Now thereforeוְעַתָּ֖הwə·‘at·tāh — Now; at the present timeH6258 — Full Word Study →, become hisבַּמֶּֽלֶךְ׃bam·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → son-in-lawהִתְחַתֵּ֥ןhiṯ·ḥat·tên — To give in marriage; to form a family alliance through marriageH2859 — Full Word Study →.’” 23But when Saul’sשָׁאוּל֙šā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → servantsעַבְדֵ֤י‘aḇ·ḏê — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → relayedוַֽיְדַבְּר֞וּway·ḏab·bə·rū — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → theseהָאֵ֑לֶּהhā·’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → wordsהַדְּבָרִ֖יםhad·də·ḇā·rîm — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → to Davidדָוִ֔דḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →, heדָּוִ֗דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → repliedוַיֹּ֣אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Does it seem trivialהַֽנְקַלָּ֤הhan·qal·lāh — to make light; to curse; to despiseH7043 — Full Word Study → in your sightבְעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ḇə·‘ê·nê·ḵem — Eye; sight; appearance; fountainH5869 — Full Word Study → to be the son-in-lawהִתְחַתֵּ֣ןhiṯ·ḥat·tên — To give in marriage; to form a family alliance through marriageH2859 — Full Word Study → of the kingבַּמֶּ֔לֶךְbam·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study →? Iוְאָנֹכִ֖יwə·’ā·nō·ḵî — I, myself (first-person singular pronoun)H595 — Full Word Study → am a poorרָ֥שׁrāš — To be poor, lack, or become destituteH7326 — Full Word Study → manאִֽישׁ־’îš- — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → and lightly esteemedוְנִקְלֶֽה׃wə·niq·leh — To treat with contempt; to despise or dishonorH7034 — Full Word Study →.” 24And the servantsעַבְדֵ֥י‘aḇ·ḏê — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → toldוַיַּגִּ֜דוּway·yag·gi·ḏū — to tell, declare, make knownH5046 — Full Word Study → Saulשָׁא֛וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → whatהָאֵ֖לֶּהhā·’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → Davidדָּוִֽד׃פdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → had saidדִּבֶּ֥רdib·ber — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study →. 25Saulשָׁא֜וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → repliedוַיֹּ֨אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Sayתֹאמְר֣וּṯō·mə·rū — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → to Davidלְדָוִ֗דlə·ḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →, ‘The kingלַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙lam·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → desiresחֵ֤פֶץḥê·p̄eṣ — Pleasure, desire, delight, or purposeH2656 — Full Word Study → noאֵֽין־’ên- — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study → other dowryבְּמֹ֔הַרbə·mō·har — bride-price; payment for a brideH4119 — Full Word Study → butכִּ֗יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → a hundredבְּמֵאָה֙bə·mê·’āh — hundred; a large complete numberH3967 — Full Word Study → Philistineפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםpə·liš·tîm — PhilistineH6430 — Full Word Study → foreskinsעָרְל֣וֹת‘ā·rə·lō·wṯ — Foreskin; mark of uncircumcisionH6190 — Full Word Study → as revengeלְהִנָּקֵ֖םlə·hin·nā·qêm — To avenge, take vengeance, or execute judgmentH5358 — Full Word Study → on hisהַמֶּ֑לֶךְham·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → enemiesבְּאֹיְבֵ֣יbə·’ō·yə·ḇê — Enemy; adversary; one who opposesH341 — Full Word Study →.’” But Saulוְשָׁא֣וּלwə·šā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → intendedחָשַׁ֔בḥā·šaḇ — to think, devise, plan, or reckonH2803 — Full Word Study → to cause David’sדָּוִ֖דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → deathלְהַפִּ֥ילlə·hap·pîl — to fall; collapse; perishH5307 — Full Word Study → at the handsבְּיַד־bə·yaḏ- — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃pə·liš·tîm — PhilistineH6430 — Full Word Study →. 26When the servantsעֲבָדָ֤יו‘ă·ḇā·ḏāw — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → reportedוַיַּגִּ֨דוּway·yag·gi·ḏū — to tell, declare, make knownH5046 — Full Word Study → theseהָאֵ֔לֶּהhā·’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → termsהַדְּבָרִ֣יםhad·də·ḇā·rîm — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → to Davidלְדָוִד֙lə·ḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →, he was pleasedוַיִּשַׁ֤רway·yi·šar — to make straight; to direct; to be right or uprightH3474 — Full Word Study → to become the king’sבַּמֶּ֑לֶךְbam·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → son-in-lawלְהִתְחַתֵּ֖ןlə·hiṯ·ḥat·tên — To give in marriage; to form a family alliance through marriageH2859 — Full Word Study →. Before the wedding day arrivedהַיָּמִֽים׃hay·yā·mîm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study →, 27Davidדָּוִ֜דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → and his menוַאֲנָשָׁ֗יוwa·’ă·nā·šāw — human being, man, mortal personH582 — Full Word Study → went outוַיֵּ֣לֶךְ׀way·yê·leḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → and killedוַיַּ֣ךְway·yaḵ — To strike, smite, or defeat with forceH5221 — Full Word Study → two hundredמָאתַ֣יִםmā·ṯa·yim — hundred; a large complete numberH3967 — Full Word Study → Philistinesבַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים֮bap·pə·liš·tîm — PhilistineH6430 — Full Word Study →. Heדָוִד֙ḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → broughtוַיָּבֵ֤אway·yā·ḇê — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → their foreskinsעָרְלֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם‘ā·rə·lō·ṯê·hem — Foreskin; mark of uncircumcisionH6190 — Full Word Study → and presented them as payment in fullוַיְמַלְא֣וּםway·mal·’ūm — to fill, fulfill, completeH4390 — Full Word Study → to becomeבַּמֶּ֑לֶךְbam·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → the king’sלַמֶּ֔לֶךְlam·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → son-in-lawלְהִתְחַתֵּ֖ןlə·hiṯ·ḥat·tên — To give in marriage; to form a family alliance through marriageH2859 — Full Word Study →. Then Saulשָׁא֛וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → gaveוַיִּתֶּן־way·yit·ten- — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → his daughterבִּתּ֖וֹbit·tōw — daughter; female child or descendantH1323 — Full Word Study → Michalמִיכַ֥לmî·ḵal — Who is like GodH4324 — Full Word Study → to David in marriage. 28When Saulשָׁאוּל֙šā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → realizedוַיַּ֤רְאway·yar — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → thatכִּ֥יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → was withעִם־‘im- — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → Davidדָּוִ֑דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → and that hisשָׁא֖וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → daughterבַּת־baṯ- — daughter; female child or descendantH1323 — Full Word Study → Michalוּמִיכַ֥לū·mî·ḵal — Who is like GodH4324 — Full Word Study → loved David, 29heשָׁא֗וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → grew even moreוַיֹּ֣אסֶףway·yō·sep̄ — to add, increase, or do againH3254 — Full Word Study → afraidלֵרֹ֛אlê·rō — to fear, revere, or be afraidH3372 — Full Word Study → ofמִפְּנֵ֥יmip·pə·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → Davidדָוִ֖דḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →. So from then onכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → Saulשָׁא֛וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → wasוַיְהִ֥יway·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → David’sדָּוִ֖דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → enemyאֹיֵ֥ב’ō·yêḇ — Enemy; adversary; one who opposesH341 — Full Word Study →. 30Every timeמִדֵּ֣יmid·dê — Sufficiency, enough, according to capacityH1767 — Full Word Study → the Philistineפְלִשְׁתִּ֑יםp̄ə·liš·tîm — PhilistineH6430 — Full Word Study → commandersשָׂרֵ֣יśā·rê — Ruler, leader, or one in authorityH8269 — Full Word Study → came out for battle, Davidדָּוִד֙dā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → was more successfulשָׂכַ֤לśā·ḵal — To act wisely; to understand, prosper, or give skillH7919 — Full Word Study → than allמִכֹּל֙mik·kōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → of Saul’sשָׁא֔וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → officersעַבְדֵ֣י‘aḇ·ḏê — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study →, so that his nameשְׁמ֖וֹšə·mōw — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study → was highlyמְאֹֽד׃סmə·’ōḏ — Much, greatly, very, exceedinglyH3966 — Full Word Study → esteemedוַיִּיקַ֥רway·yî·qar — to be precious, honored, or highly valuedH3365 — Full Word Study →.
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Chapter Commentary — 1 Samuel 18
Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview

1 Samuel 18 marks a turning point in David's life as he rises dramatically from shepherd to hero, but this ascent stirs deadly jealousy in King Saul. The chapter contrasts the loyal friendship of Jonathan with Saul's growing paranoia and murderous intent, demonstrating how God's favor on one person can provoke envy in those clinging to power without His blessing. Through David's faithfulness, wisdom, and trust in God—despite constant danger—we see a young man navigating jealousy, false accusations, and impossible tests while maintaining his integrity.

Verses 1–5: Jonathan's Love and David's Promotion

Jonathan, Saul's own son and heir to the throne, becomes deeply attached to David after hearing him speak to his father. The phrase "the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David" (v. 1) suggests a profound spiritual and emotional bond. Jonathan loves David as his own soul—utterly, without rivalry, despite the threat David's success might pose to his inheritance. In verse 3, they make a covenant, and Jonathan strips himself of his royal garments and weapons, symbolizing his willingness to honor David above his own position. This is remarkable humility and foresight; Jonathan somehow recognizes God's hand upon David. David, meanwhile, is assigned to Saul's military service and excels at every task (v. 5), earning respect from soldiers and officials alike. Application: Jonathan models what true friendship looks like—selfless, courageous, and willing to serve God's purposes even when they conflict with personal gain. His example challenges us to celebrate others' success rather than resent it.

Verses 6–12: Jealousy Takes Root

After David's victory over Goliath, Israel's women celebrate his triumph with music and dancing, singing that David has slain "ten thousands" while Saul slew "thousands" (vv. 6–7). This modest exaggeration becomes the spark for Saul's downfall. Saul's anger ignites because he sees in this praise a threat to his throne (v. 8). From that day forward, he "eyed David"—watched him with suspicion and malice. In verse 10, an "evil spirit from God" comes upon Saul, and in a jealous rage, he hurls a javelin at David while the young man plays music to soothe him. David escapes twice. Verse 12 gives the spiritual diagnosis: Saul realizes that the LORD was with David and had departed from Saul. This knowledge only deepens Saul's fear and hatred. Application: Jealousy is a spiritual poison that blinds us to reality and leads to destructive behavior. Saul's tragedy reminds us that refusing to yield to God's purposes breeds only bitterness and self-destruction.

Verses 13–16: Promotion Brings No Peace

Rather than confront his jealousy, Saul promotes David to captain over a thousand soldiers, hoping distance might ease his torment (v. 13). But David's continued success and the people's love for him only magnify Saul's fear (vv. 14–16). Saul perceives correctly that God is with David; the problem is that Saul has lost God's presence and knows it.

Verses 17–27: A Deadly Trap

Saul offers his daughter Merab to David as a wife, but his real motive is murder—he hopes the Philistines will kill David in battle (v. 17). The promise falls through (v. 19), but Saul learns that his other daughter, Michal, loves David. He uses this as a trap, demanding two hundred Philistine foreskins as a bride price (v. 25), expecting David to die in the attempt. Remarkably, David succeeds and brings double the required number (v. 27). Application: Even evil schemes cannot thwart God's purposes for His faithful servants. David's trust in God enabled him to accomplish what seemed impossible.

Verses 28–30: Saul's Final Descent

Saul sees clearly that God is with David and that even his own daughter loves him (v. 28). Rather than repent, Saul hardens his heart and becomes David's "enemy continually" (v. 29). Yet David's integrity and God's favor continue to grow (v. 30).

Application for Today

This chapter teaches us that God's favor cannot be earned by manipulation, jealousy, or violence—only by humble obedience and trust. Like David, we may face opposition from threatened leaders or envious peers. Our response should mirror his: unwavering integrity, faithful service, and confidence that the Lord fights our battles. Like Jonathan, we are called to rejoice in others' victories. And like Saul, we must recognize that resisting God's purposes only hastens our spiritual ruin.

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