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1 Samuel 27

BSB·12 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1David, howeverדָּוִד֙dā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →, saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → himselfלִבּ֔וֹlib·bōw — Heart; the center of emotion, will, and intellectH3820 — Full Word Study →, “Oneאֶחָ֖ד’e·ḥāḏ — One; unity; single; firstH259 — Full Word Study → of these daysיוֹם־yō·wm- — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → nowעַתָּ֛ה‘at·tāh — Now; at the present timeH6258 — Full Word Study → I will be swept awayאֶסָּפֶ֥ה’es·sā·p̄eh — to sweep away, snatch, or gather hastilyH5595 — Full Word Study → by the handבְּיַד־bə·yaḏ- — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → of Saulשָׁא֑וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study →. There is nothingאֵֽין־’ên- — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study → betterט֜וֹבṭō·wḇ — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study → for me thanכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → to escapeהִמָּלֵ֥טhim·mā·lêṭ — to escape, deliver, or save from dangerH4422 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the landאֶ֣רֶץ’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗יםpə·liš·tîm — PhilistineH6430 — Full Word Study →. Then Saulשָׁאוּל֙šā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → will stopוְנוֹאַ֨שׁwə·nō·w·’aš — To lose hope; to despair utterlyH2976 — Full Word Study → searchingלְבַקְשֵׁ֤נִיlə·ḇaq·šê·nî — To seek, search for, or request earnestlyH1245 — Full Word Study → for meמִמֶּ֤נִּיmim·men·nî — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → all overבְּכָל־bə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לyiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study →, and I will slipוְנִמְלַטְתִּ֖יwə·nim·laṭ·tî — to escape, deliver, or save from dangerH4422 — Full Word Study → out of his handמִיָּדֽוֹ׃mî·yā·ḏōw — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study →.” 2So Davidדָּוִ֔דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → set outוַיָּ֣קָםway·yā·qām — To rise, stand, or be establishedH6965 — Full Word Study → withעִמּ֑וֹ‘im·mōw — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → his sixוְשֵׁשׁ־wə·šêš- — The number six; sixth in orderH8337 — Full Word Study → hundredמֵא֥וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ — hundred; a large complete numberH3967 — Full Word Study → menאִ֖ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → and wentוַיַּעֲבֹ֣רway·ya·‘ă·ḇōr — to cross over; to pass through or beyondH5674 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Achishאָכִ֥ישׁ’ā·ḵîš — King of GathH397 — Full Word Study → sonבֶּן־ben- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Maochמָע֖וֹךְmā·‘ō·wḵ — Father of AchishH4582 — Full Word Study →, the kingמֶ֥לֶךְme·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → of Gathגַּֽת׃gaṯ — A Philistine cityH1661 — Full Word Study →. 3Davidדָּוִ֨דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → and his menוַאֲנָשָׁ֖יוwa·’ă·nā·šāw — human being, man, mortal personH582 — Full Word Study → settledוַיֵּשֶׁב֩way·yê·šeḇ — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → in Gathבְּגַ֛תbə·ḡaṯ — A Philistine cityH1661 — Full Word Study → withעִם־‘im- — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → Achishאָכִ֥ישׁ’ā·ḵîš — King of GathH397 — Full Word Study →. Each manאִ֣ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → had his family with himוּבֵית֑וֹū·ḇê·ṯōw — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study →, and Davidדָּוִד֙dā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → had his twoוּשְׁתֵּ֣יū·šə·tê — The number two; a pair or coupleH8147 — Full Word Study → wivesנָשָׁ֔יוnā·šāw — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study →: Ahinoamאֲחִינֹ֙עַם֙’ă·ḥî·nō·‘am — My brother is pleasantnessH293 — Full Word Study → of Jezreelהַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֔יתhay·yiz·rə·‘ê·lîṯ — God scatters/sowsH3158 — Full Word Study → and Abigailוַאֲבִיגַ֥יִלwa·’ă·ḇî·ḡa·yil — Abigail, a wise and beautiful womanH26 — Full Word Study → of Carmelהַֽכַּרְמְלִֽית׃hak·kar·mə·lîṯ — Inhabitant of CarmelH3761 — Full Word Study →, the widowאֵֽשֶׁת־’ê·šeṯ- — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study → of Nabalנָבָ֖לnā·ḇāl — FoolH5037 — Full Word Study →. 4And when Saulלְשָׁא֔וּלlə·šā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → learnedוַיֻּגַּ֣דway·yug·gaḏ — to tell, declare, make knownH5046 — Full Word Study → thatכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → Davidדָּוִ֖דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → had fledבָרַ֥חḇā·raḥ — To flee or escape in hasteH1272 — Full Word Study → to Gathגַּ֑תgaṯ — A Philistine cityH1661 — Full Word Study →, he noוְלֹֽא־wə·lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → longerיוֹסַףyō·sap̄ — to add, increase, or do againH3254 — Full Word Study → searched for himלְבַקְשֽׁוֹ׃סlə·ḇaq·šōw — To seek, search for, or request earnestlyH1245 — Full Word Study →. 5Then Davidדָּוִ֜דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Achishאָכִ֗ישׁ’ā·ḵîš — King of GathH397 — Full Word Study →, “Ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → I have foundמָצָ֨אתִיmā·ṣā·ṯî — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study → favorחֵ֤ןḥên — Favor, grace, or kindness shown to someoneH2580 — Full Word Study → in your eyesבְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙bə·‘ê·ne·ḵā — Eye; sight; appearance; fountainH5869 — Full Word Study →, let me be assignedיִתְּנוּ־yit·tə·nū- — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → a placeמָק֗וֹםmā·qō·wm — A place, location, or spaceH4725 — Full Word Study → in oneבְּאַחַ֛תbə·’a·ḥaṯ — One; unity; single; firstH259 — Full Word Study → of the outlyingהַשָּׂדֶ֖הhaś·śā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study → townsעָרֵ֥י‘ā·rê — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study →, so I can liveוְאֵ֣שְׁבָהwə·’ê·šə·ḇāh — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → thereשָּׁ֑םšām — There, in that placeH8033 — Full Word Study →. For whyוְלָ֨מָּהwə·lām·māh — What? Why? How? (interrogative particle)H4100 — Full Word Study → should your servantעַבְדְּךָ֛‘aḇ·də·ḵā — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → liveיֵשֵׁ֧בyê·šêḇ — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → in the royalהַמַּמְלָכָ֖הham·mam·lā·ḵāh — Kingdom; sovereign rule or realmH4467 — Full Word Study → cityבְּעִ֥ירbə·‘îr — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study → with youעִמָּֽךְ׃‘im·māḵ — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study →?” 6Thatהַה֖וּאha·hū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → dayבַּיּ֥וֹםbay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → Achishאָכִ֛ישׁ’ā·ḵîš — King of GathH397 — Full Word Study → gaveוַיִּתֶּן־way·yit·ten- — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → him Ziklagצִֽקְלָ֑גṣiq·lāḡ — Ziklag, a Philistine cityH6860 — Full Word Study →, andלָכֵ֞ןlā·ḵên — so, thus, rightly, thereforeH3651 — Full Word Study → toעַ֖ד‘aḏ — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → thisהַזֶּֽה׃פhaz·zeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study → dayהַיּ֥וֹםhay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → it still belongs toהָיְתָ֤הhā·yə·ṯāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → the kingsלְמַלְכֵ֣יlə·mal·ḵê — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → of Judahיְהוּדָ֔הyə·hū·ḏāh — The Lord is praisedH3063 — Full Word Study →. 7And the timeהַיָּמִ֔יםhay·yā·mîm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer- — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → Davidדָּוִ֖דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → livedיָשַׁ֥בyā·šaḇ — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → in Philistineפְלִשְׁתִּ֑יםp̄ə·liš·tîm — PhilistineH6430 — Full Word Study → territoryבִּשְׂדֵ֣הbiś·ḏêh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study → amounted toוַֽיְהִי֙way·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → a yearיָמִ֖יםyā·mîm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → and fourוְאַרְבָּעָ֥הwə·’ar·bā·‘āh — The number four; a group of fourH702 — Full Word Study → monthsחֳדָשִֽׁים׃ḥo·ḏā·šîm — A month; lunar period; new moonH2320 — Full Word Study →. 8Now Davidדָּוִד֙dā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → and his menוַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יוwa·’ă·nā·šāw — human being, man, mortal personH582 — Full Word Study → went upוַיַּ֤עַלway·ya·‘al — to ascend, rise up, go upH5927 — Full Word Study → and raidedוַֽיִּפְשְׁט֛וּway·yip̄·šə·ṭū — to strip, plunder, or invadeH6584 — Full Word Study → the Geshuritesהַגְּשׁוּרִ֥יhag·gə·šū·rî — Inhabitant of GeshurH1651 — Full Word Study →, the Girzitesוְהַגִּרְזִיwə·hag·gir·zī — Inhabitant of GezerH1511 — Full Word Study →, and the Amalekitesוְהָעֲמָלֵקִ֑יwə·hā·‘ă·mā·lê·qî — Descendant of AmalekH6003 — Full Word Study →. (Fromכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → ancient timesמֵֽעוֹלָ֔םmê·‘ō·w·lām — forever, eternity, perpetual durationH5769 — Full Word Study → these peopleהֵ֜נָּהhên·nāh — they (feminine); those women; themH2007 — Full Word Study → had inhabitedיֹשְׁב֤וֹתyō·šə·ḇō·wṯ — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → the landהָאָ֙רֶץ֙hā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → extending to Shurשׁ֖וּרָהšū·rāh — A wilderness regionH7793 — Full Word Study → andוְעַד־wə·‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃miṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →.) 9Whenever Davidדָוִד֙ḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → attackedוְהִכָּ֤הwə·hik·kāh — To strike, smite, or defeat with forceH5221 — Full Word Study → a territoryהָאָ֔רֶץhā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →, he did notוְלֹ֥אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → leaveיְחַיֶּ֖הyə·ḥay·yeh — To live, to preserve alive, to give lifeH2421 — Full Word Study → a manאִ֣ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → or woman alive, but he tookוְלָקַח֩wə·lā·qaḥ — to take, seize, or receiveH3947 — Full Word Study → the flocksצֹ֨אןṣōn — flock of sheep or goatsH6629 — Full Word Study → and herdsוּבָקָ֜רū·ḇā·qār — cattle, herd, ox, bovine livestockH1241 — Full Word Study →, the donkeysוַחֲמֹרִ֤יםwa·ḥă·mō·rîm — donkey; beast of burdenH2543 — Full Word Study →, camelsוּגְמַלִּים֙ū·ḡə·mal·lîm — Camel, a large desert animal used for transport and tradeH1581 — Full Word Study →, and clothingוּבְגָדִ֔יםū·ḇə·ḡā·ḏîm — Clothing; treachery or deceptionH899 — Full Word Study →. Then he would returnוַיָּ֖שָׁבway·yā·šāḇ — to turn back, return, restoreH7725 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Achishאָכִֽישׁ׃’ā·ḵîš — King of GathH397 — Full Word Study →, 10whoאָכִ֔ישׁ’ā·ḵîš — King of GathH397 — Full Word Study → would ask himוַיֹּ֣אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “What have you raided todayפְּשַׁטְתֶּ֖םpə·šaṭ·tem — to strip, plunder, or invadeH6584 — Full Word Study →?” And Davidדָּוִ֗דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → would replyוַיֹּ֣אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “The Negevנֶ֤גֶבne·ḡeḇ — The South, Southern RegionH5045 — Full Word Study → of Judahיְהוּדָה֙yə·hū·ḏāh — The Lord is praisedH3063 — Full Word Study →,” orוְעַל־wə·‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study →The Negevנֶ֣גֶבne·ḡeḇ — The South, Southern RegionH5045 — Full Word Study → of Jerahmeelהַיַּרְחְמְאֵלִ֔יhay·yar·ḥə·mə·’ê·lî — Member of Jerahmeel's clanH3397 — Full Word Study →,” orוְאֶל־wə·’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study →The Negevנֶ֖גֶבne·ḡeḇ — The South, Southern RegionH5045 — Full Word Study → of the Kenitesהַקֵּינִֽי׃haq·qê·nî — Member of Kenite tribeH7017 — Full Word Study →.” 11Davidדָוִ֗דḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → did not leave a manוְאִ֨ישׁwə·’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → or womanוְאִשָּׁ֜הwə·’iš·šāh — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study → aliveיְחַיֶּ֣הyə·ḥay·yeh — To live, to preserve alive, to give lifeH2421 — Full Word Study → to be broughtלְהָבִ֥יאlə·hā·ḇî — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → to Gathגַת֙ḡaṯ — A Philistine cityH1661 — Full Word Study →, for he saidלֵאמֹ֔רlê·mōr — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Otherwiseפֶּן־pen- — lest, that not, for fear thatH6435 — Full Word Study → they will reportיַגִּ֥דוּyag·gi·ḏū — to tell, declare, make knownH5046 — Full Word Study → usעָלֵ֖ינוּ‘ā·lê·nū — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study →, sayingלֵאמֹ֑רlê·mōr — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, ‘This is whatכֹּֽה־kōh- — thus, so, in this mannerH3541 — Full Word Study → Davidדָוִד֙ḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → didעָשָׂ֤ה‘ā·śāh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study →.’” And thisוְכֹ֣הwə·ḵōh — thus, so, in this mannerH3541 — Full Word Study → was David’s customמִשְׁפָּט֔וֹmiš·pā·ṭōw — Justice, judgment, or legal decisionH4941 — Full Word Study → the wholeכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → timeהַ֨יָּמִ֔יםhay·yā·mîm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → he livedיָשַׁ֖בyā·šaḇ — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → in Philistineפְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃p̄ə·liš·tîm — PhilistineH6430 — Full Word Study → territoryבִּשְׂדֵ֥הbiś·ḏêh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study →. 12So Achishאָכִ֖ישׁ’ā·ḵîš — King of GathH397 — Full Word Study → trustedוַיַּאֲמֵ֥ןway·ya·’ă·mên — to trust, believe, be faithfulH539 — Full Word Study → Davidבְּדָוִ֣דbə·ḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →, thinkingלֵאמֹ֑רlê·mōr — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Since he has made himself an utter stenchהַבְאֵ֤שׁhaḇ·’êš — to stink, emit a foul odor; to be abhorrent or loathsomeH887 — Full Word Study → to his peopleבְּעַמּ֣וֹbə·‘am·mōw — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → Israelבְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לḇə·yiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study →, he will beוְהָ֥יָהwə·hā·yāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → my servantלְעֶ֥בֶדlə·‘e·ḇeḏ — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → foreverעוֹלָֽם׃פ‘ō·w·lām — forever, eternity, perpetual durationH5769 — Full Word Study →.”
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Chapter Commentary — 1 Samuel 27
Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview

1 Samuel 27 marks a significant turning point in David's life as he abandons faith in God's promises and seeks refuge among Israel's enemies, the Philistines. After years of fleeing from Saul, David becomes discouraged and decides that his only escape is to live in enemy territory. This chapter shows the consequences of spiritual compromise: though David gains temporary safety, he enters into deception and morally questionable actions that damage his testimony and set the stage for future troubles. The passage reminds us that when we lose confidence in God's faithfulness, we inevitably turn to worldly solutions.

Verses 1–5: David's Desperate Decision

David's opening statement reveals a heart gripped by fear rather than faith. He declares, "I shall now perish one day by the hand of Saul" (v. 1), concluding that escape to Philistine territory is his only hope. This is deeply troubling in light of God's repeated promises that David would become king and that Saul could not harm him (1 Samuel 24:20; 26:10). David's reasoning—that Saul will eventually stop pursuing him if he flees to Gath—reflects human logic rather than divine trust.

David approaches Achish, king of Gath, the very city where he once sought refuge in panic (1 Samuel 21). This time he comes with his entire band of 600 men and their families (v. 2). He even brings his two wives, Ahinoam and Abigail (v. 3). Remarkably, Achish receives David peacefully. David then politely requests a separate settlement away from the royal city (v. 5), showing diplomatic skill but also revealing his discomfort with his own compromise—a man fully confident in his position would not need to distance himself.

Application: Fear can cloud our judgment and cause us to make decisions contrary to God's revealed will. Like David, we sometimes forget His promises when circumstances feel overwhelming. The antidote is to remember what God has already done and trust His character.

Verses 6–12: The Cost of Compromise

Achish grants David the town of Ziklag (v. 6), and David settles there for a year and four months (v. 7). During this time, David engages in military raids against the Geshurites, Gezrites, and Amalekites (v. 8). While these groups were indeed ancient enemies of Israel, David's methods become deeply troubling: he kills everyone—men and women—to prevent word reaching Achish (vv. 9–11).

When Achish asks where David has been raiding, David lies, claiming he attacked Judah and other Israelite territories (v. 10). The text notes that David "saved neither man nor woman alive, to bring tidings" (v. 11)—a chilling phrase emphasizing that his motivation was deception and self-protection, not justice. Achish believes the lie and assumes David has turned permanently against Israel, making himself Achish's "servant for ever" (v. 12).

This section shows the spiritual downward spiral that begins with one compromise. David moves from seeking refuge among enemies, to accepting their hospitality, to conducting raids in their service, to lying about his activities, to committing genocide to cover his tracks. Each step hardens him further from God's purpose.

Application: Spiritual compromise rarely stops with one decision. When we step outside God's will, each subsequent choice becomes easier and leads us deeper into sin. Small deceptions grow into larger ones; spiritual distance increases incrementally.

Application for Today

David's season in Ziklag teaches us that temporary safety purchased through compromise is illusory and costly. When facing impossible circumstances, our first response should be prayer and faith in God's promises, not flight to worldly solutions. Whether we're tempted to dishonesty in business, moral shortcuts in relationships, or spiritual complacency in our faith, we must remember that God's way, though sometimes harder, is always better. The peace we gain through obedience far exceeds any security the world can offer.

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