TG
Everything TrueGospel offers, in one place.

Study

Bible Reader Scripture Search Word Study & Lexicon Bible Study Builder Reading Plans Verse Chains

Reference

The Reference Library Topical Index

Learn

True Gospel Institute

Grow & Share

Blog Q&A Sermon Notes Bible Studies Podcast

Community

Community Student Dashboard

About

About Us Support Us Contact Log In Create Free Account
BSB
← Prev Next →

1 Samuel 20

BSB·42 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1Then Davidדָּוִ֔דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → fledוַיִּבְרַ֣חway·yiḇ·raḥ — To flee or escape in hasteH1272 — Full Word Study → from Naiothמִנֹּוִותmin·nō·wi·wṯ — A place of prophetsH5121 — Full Word Study → in Ramahבָּרָמָ֑הbā·rā·māh — High place, elevatedH7414 — Full Word Study →. He cameוַיָּבֹ֞אway·yā·ḇō — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → toלִפְנֵ֣יlip̄·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֗ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → and askedוַיֹּ֣אמֶר׀way·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Whatמֶ֤הmeh — What? Why? How? (interrogative particle)H4100 — Full Word Study → have I doneעָשִׂ֙יתִי֙‘ā·śî·ṯî — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study →? What is my iniquityעֲוֺנִ֤י‘ă·wō·nî — Iniquity, guilt, or moral wrongdoingH5771 — Full Word Study →? Howוּמֶֽה־ū·meh- — What? Why? How? (interrogative particle)H4100 — Full Word Study → have I sinnedחַטָּאתִי֙ḥaṭ·ṭā·ṯî — sin; sin offering; sinfulnessH2403 — Full Word Study → againstלִפְנֵ֣יlip̄·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → your fatherאָבִ֔יךָ’ā·ḇî·ḵā — H1 — Full Word Study →, thatכִּ֥יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → he wants to takeמְבַקֵּ֖שׁmə·ḇaq·qêš — To seek, search for, or request earnestlyH1245 — Full Word Study → my lifeנַפְשִֽׁי׃nap̄·šî — soul, life, person, selfH5315 — Full Word Study →?” 2Far from itחָלִילָה֮ḥā·lî·lāh — Far be it; God forbidH2486 — Full Word Study →!” Jonathan repliedוַיֹּ֨אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →. “You will notלֹ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → dieתָמוּת֒ṯā·mūṯ — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study →. Indeedהִנֵּ֡הhin·nêh — Look! Behold! Pay attention!H2009 — Full Word Study →, my fatherאָבִ֜י’ā·ḇî — H1 — Full Word Study → does nothingעָשָׂהʿå̄·śå̄h — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study →, greatגָּד֗וֹלgā·ḏō·wl — Great, mighty, large in size or significanceH1419 — Full Word Study → orא֚וֹ’ōw — or, whether; also expressing desire or preferenceH176 — Full Word Study → smallקָטֹ֔ןqā·ṭōn — Small, little, least, or young in size, number, age, or importanceH6996 — Full Word Study →, withoutוְלֹ֥אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → tellingיִגְלֶ֖הyiḡ·leh — HeglamH1540 — Full Word Study → meאָזְנִ֑י’ā·zə·nî — Ear; the organ of hearing and listeningH241 — Full Word Study →. So whyוּמַדּוּעַ֩ū·mad·dū·a‘ — Why? For what reason?H4069 — Full Word Study → would heאָבִ֥י’ā·ḇî — H1 — Full Word Study → hideיַסְתִּ֨ירyas·tîr — To hide, conceal, or keep secretH5641 — Full Word Study → thisהַזֶּ֖הhaz·zeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study → matterהַדָּבָ֥רhad·dā·ḇār — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → from meמִמֶּ֛נִּיmim·men·nî — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study →? This cannot be trueאֵ֥ין’ên — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study →!” 3But Davidדָּוִ֗דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → againע֜וֹד‘ō·wḏ — still, yet, again, continuing or additional occurrenceH5750 — Full Word Study → vowedוַיִּשָּׁבַ֨עway·yiš·šā·ḇa‘ — To swear an oath; to bind oneself by solemn promiseH7650 — Full Word Study →, “Your fatherאָבִ֗יךָ’ā·ḇî·ḵā — H1 — Full Word Study → knows very wellיָדֹ֨עַyā·ḏō·a‘ — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → thatכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → I have foundמָצָ֤אתִיmā·ṣā·ṯî — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study → favorחֵן֙ḥên — Favor, grace, or kindness shown to someoneH2580 — Full Word Study → in your eyesבְּעֵינֶ֔יךָbə·‘ê·ne·ḵā — Eye; sight; appearance; fountainH5869 — Full Word Study →, and he has saidוַיֹּ֛אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, ‘Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֖ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → must notאַל־’al- — do not; negative imperative particleH408 — Full Word Study → knowיֵֽדַע־yê·ḏa‘- — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → of thisזֹ֥אתzōṯ — This, that; demonstrative pronounH2063 — Full Word Study →, orפֶּן־pen- — lest, that not, for fear thatH6435 — Full Word Study → he will be grievedיֵֽעָצֵ֑בyê·‘ā·ṣêḇ — to grieve, pain, or vex; to be displeasedH6087 — Full Word Study →.’ As surely asוְאוּלָ֗םwə·’ū·lām — but, however, surely, indeedH199 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → livesחַי־ḥay- — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study → and as youנַפְשֶׁ֔ךָnap̄·še·ḵā — soul, life, person, selfH5315 — Full Word Study → yourself liveוְחֵ֣יwə·ḥê — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study →, there is but a stepכְפֶ֔שַׂעḵə·p̄e·śa‘ — a step or pace; footstepH6587 — Full Word Study → between meבֵּינִ֖יbê·nî — between, among, in the midst ofH996 — Full Word Study → andוּבֵ֥יןū·ḇên — between, among, in the midst ofH996 — Full Word Study → deathהַמָּֽוֶת׃ham·mā·weṯ — death, the state of being deadH4194 — Full Word Study →.” 4Then Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֖ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֥אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Davidדָּוִ֑דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →, “Whateverמַה־mah- — What? Why? How? (interrogative particle)H4100 — Full Word Study → youנַפְשְׁךָ֖nap̄·šə·ḵā — soul, life, person, selfH5315 — Full Word Study → desireתֹּאמַ֥רtō·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, I will doוְאֶֽעֱשֶׂה־wə·’e·‘ĕ·śeh- — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → for you.” 5So Davidדָּוִ֜דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → toldוַיֹּ֨אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → himיְהוֹנָתָ֗ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study →, “Lookהִֽנֵּה־hin·nêh- — Look! Behold! Pay attention!H2009 — Full Word Study →, tomorrowמָחָ֔רmā·ḥār — tomorrow, the next dayH4279 — Full Word Study → is the New Moonחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ḥō·ḏeš — A month; lunar period; new moonH2320 — Full Word Study →, and I amוְאָנֹכִ֛יwə·’ā·nō·ḵî — I, myself (first-person singular pronoun)H595 — Full Word Study → supposed to dineיָשֹׁב־yā·šōḇ- — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → withעִם־‘im- — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → the kingהַמֶּ֖לֶךְham·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study →. Instead, let me goוְשִׁלַּחְתַּ֙נִי֙wə·šil·laḥ·ta·nî — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → and hideוְנִסְתַּרְתִּ֣יwə·nis·tar·tî — To hide, conceal, or keep secretH5641 — Full Word Study → in the fieldבַשָּׂדֶ֔הḇaś·śā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study → untilעַ֖ד‘aḏ — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → the thirdהַשְּׁלִשִֽׁית׃haš·šə·li·šîṯ — Third; one of three parts; third in rank or sequenceH7992 — Full Word Study → evening from now. 6Ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → your fatherאָבִ֑יךָ’ā·ḇî·ḵā — H1 — Full Word Study → misses me at allפָּקֹ֥דpā·qōḏ — to visit, oversee, appoint, care forH6485 — Full Word Study →, tell himוְאָמַרְתָּ֗wə·’ā·mar·tā — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, ‘Davidדָוִד֙ḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → urgently requestedנִשְׁאֹל֩niš·’ōl — to ask, request, inquire, or demandH7592 — Full Word Study → my permission to hurryלָרוּץ֙lā·rūṣ — to run; move swiftlyH7323 — Full Word Study → to Bethlehemלֶ֣חֶםle·ḥem — House of BreadH1035 — Full Word Study →, his hometownעִיר֔וֹ‘î·rōw — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study →, becauseכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → there isשָׁ֖םšām — There, in that placeH8033 — Full Word Study → an annualהַיָּמִ֛יםhay·yā·mîm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → sacrificeזֶ֧בַחze·ḇaḥ — sacrificial offering; animal sacrificeH2077 — Full Word Study → for his wholeלְכָל־lə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → clanהַמִּשְׁפָּחָֽה׃ham·miš·pā·ḥāh — Family, clan, household groupH4940 — Full Word Study →.’ 7Ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → he saysיֹאמַ֛רyō·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, ‘Goodט֖וֹבṭō·wḇ — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study →,’ then your servantלְעַבְדֶּ֑ךָlə·‘aḇ·de·ḵā — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study → is safeשָׁל֣וֹםšā·lō·wm — Peace, wholeness, well-being, prosperityH7965 — Full Word Study →, but ifוְאִם־wə·’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → he is enragedחָרֹ֤הḥā·rōh — to burn with anger, become incensedH2734 — Full Word Study →, you will knowדַּ֕עda‘ — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → he has evilהָרָעָ֖הhā·rā·‘āh — evil, bad, harm, disasterH7451 — Full Word Study → intentionsכָלְתָ֥הḵā·lə·ṯāh — to finish, complete, or bring to an endH3615 — Full Word Study →. 8Therefore deal faithfully with your servant, for you have brought me intoעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → a covenant with you beforכִּ֚יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study →e the LORD. If there is iniquity in meעַבְדְּךָ֖‘aḇ·də·ḵā — Servant; slave; one in bondage or serviceH5650 — Full Word Study →, then kill meהֲמִיתֵ֣נִיhă·mî·ṯê·nî — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study → yourselfאַ֔תָּה’at·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study →; whyלָמָּה־lām·māh- — What? Why? How? (interrogative particle)H4100 — Full Word Study → should you bring meתְבִיאֵֽנִי׃פṯə·ḇî·’ê·nî — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → toוְעַד־wə·‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → your fatherאָבִ֖יךָ’ā·ḇî·ḵā — H1 — Full Word Study →?” 9Neverחָלִ֣ילָהḥā·lî·lāh — Far be it; God forbidH2486 — Full Word Study →!” Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֖ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → repliedוַיֹּ֥אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →. “Ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → I ever found outיָדֹ֣עַyā·ḏō·a‘ — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → thatכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → my fatherאָבִי֙’ā·ḇî — H1 — Full Word Study → had evilהָרָעָ֜הhā·rā·‘āh — evil, bad, harm, disasterH7451 — Full Word Study → intentionsכָלְתָ֨הḵā·lə·ṯāh — to finish, complete, or bring to an endH3615 — Full Word Study → against youעָלֶ֔יךָ‘ā·le·ḵā — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study →, would I notוְלֹ֥אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → tellאַגִּ֥יד’ag·gîḏ — to tell, declare, make knownH5046 — Full Word Study → you?” 10Then Davidדָּוִד֙dā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → askedוַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → Jonathanיְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study →, “Whoמִ֖יmî — who? what person?H4310 — Full Word Study → will tellיַגִּ֣ידyag·gîḏ — to tell, declare, make knownH5046 — Full Word Study → me ifא֛וֹ’ōw — or, whether; also expressing desire or preferenceH176 — Full Word Study → your fatherאָבִ֖יךָ’ā·ḇî·ḵā — H1 — Full Word Study → answersיַּעַנְךָ֥ya·‘an·ḵā — To answer, respond, or testifyH6030 — Full Word Study → you harshlyקָשָֽׁה׃סqā·šāh — Hard, severe, stubborn, unyieldingH7186 — Full Word Study →?” 11Comeלְכָ֖הlə·ḵāh — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study →,” heיְהֽוֹנָתָן֙yə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → repliedוַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “let us go outוְנֵצֵ֣אwə·nê·ṣê — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → to the fieldהַשָּׂדֶ֑הhaś·śā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study →.” So the twoשְׁנֵיהֶ֖םšə·nê·hem — The number two; a pair or coupleH8147 — Full Word Study → of them went outוַיֵּצְא֥וּway·yê·ṣə·’ū — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → into the fieldהַשָּׂדֶֽה׃סhaś·śā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study →, 12and Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֜ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “By the LORDיְהוָ֞הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →, the Godאֱלֹהֵ֤י’ĕ·lō·hê — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙yiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study →, I will sound outאֶחְקֹ֣ר’eḥ·qōr — to search out, investigate, or examine thoroughlyH2713 — Full Word Study → my fatherאָבִ֗י’ā·ḇî — H1 — Full Word Study → by this timeכָּעֵ֤ת׀kā·‘êṯ — Time, season, or appointed momentH6256 — Full Word Study → tomorrowמָחָר֙mā·ḥār — tomorrow, the next dayH4279 — Full Word Study → or the next dayהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֔יתhaš·šə·li·šîṯ — Third; one of three parts; third in rank or sequenceH7992 — Full Word Study →. Ifוְהִנֵּה־wə·hin·nêh- — Look! Behold! Pay attention!H2009 — Full Word Study → he is favorableט֖וֹבṭō·wḇ — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study → towardאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → you, will I notוְלֹֽא־wə·lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → sendאֶשְׁלַ֣ח’eš·laḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → for youאֵלֶ֔יךָ’ê·le·ḵā — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → and tellוְגָלִ֖יתִיwə·ḡā·lî·ṯî — HeglamH1540 — Full Word Study → youאָזְנֶֽךָ׃’ā·zə·ne·ḵā — Ear; the organ of hearing and listeningH241 — Full Word Study →? 13But ifכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → my fatherאָבִ֤י’ā·ḇî — H1 — Full Word Study → intendsיֵיטִ֨בyê·ṭiḇ — to be good, to improve, to do wellH3190 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → bring evilהָֽרָעָה֙hā·rā·‘āh — evil, bad, harm, disasterH7451 — Full Word Study → on youעָלֶ֔יךָ‘ā·le·ḵā — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study →, then may the LORDיְהוָ֨הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → punishכֹּֽה־kōh- — thus, so, in this mannerH3541 — Full Word Study → meלִֽיהוֹנָתָ֜ןlî·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study →, and ever soוְכֹ֣הwə·ḵōh — thus, so, in this mannerH3541 — Full Word Study → severelyיֹסִ֗יףyō·sîp̄ — to add, increase, or do againH3254 — Full Word Study →, if I do not tellוְגָלִ֙יתִי֙wə·ḡā·lî·ṯî — HeglamH1540 — Full Word Study → youאָזְנֶ֔ךָ’ā·zə·ne·ḵā — Ear; the organ of hearing and listeningH241 — Full Word Study → and send you on your wayוְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֖יךָwə·šil·laḥ·tî·ḵā — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → in safetyלְשָׁל֑וֹםlə·šā·lō·wm — Peace, wholeness, well-being, prosperityH7965 — Full Word Study →. May the LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → beוִיהִ֤יwî·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → with youעִמָּ֔ךְ‘im·māḵ — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study →, just asכַּאֲשֶׁ֥רka·’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → He has beenהָיָ֖הhā·yāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → withעִם־‘im- — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → my fatherאָבִֽי׃’ā·ḇî — H1 — Full Word Study →. 14Andוְלֹ֖אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → as long asאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → I liveחָ֑יḥāy — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study →, treatתַעֲשֶׂ֧הṯa·‘ă·śeh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → meעִמָּדִ֛י‘im·mā·ḏî — With, alongside, in the presence ofH5978 — Full Word Study → with the LORD’sיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → loving devotionחֶ֥סֶדḥe·seḏ — Covenant loyalty and steadfast kindnessH2617 — Full Word Study →, that I may notוְלֹ֥אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → dieאָמֽוּת׃’ā·mūṯ — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study →, 15and do notוְלֹֽא־wə·lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → everעַד־‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → cut offתַכְרִ֧תṯaḵ·riṯ — To cut; to make a covenantH3772 — Full Word Study → your loving devotionחַסְדְּךָ֛ḥas·də·ḵā — Covenant loyalty and steadfast kindnessH2617 — Full Word Study → fromמֵעִ֥םmê·‘im — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → my householdבֵּיתִ֖יbê·ṯî — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study →notוְלֹ֗אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → even when the LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → cuts offבְּהַכְרִ֤תbə·haḵ·riṯ — To cut; to make a covenantH3772 — Full Word Study → every oneאִ֕ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → of David’sדָוִ֔דḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → enemiesאֹיְבֵ֣י’ō·yə·ḇê — Enemy; adversary; one who opposesH341 — Full Word Study → fromמֵעַ֖לmê·‘al — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the faceפְּנֵ֥יpə·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → of the earthהָאֲדָמָֽה׃hā·’ă·ḏā·māh — Land, soil, ground, earthH127 — Full Word Study →.” 16So Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֖ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → made a covenantוַיִּכְרֹ֥תway·yiḵ·rōṯ — To cut; to make a covenantH3772 — Full Word Study → withעִם־‘im- — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → the houseבֵּ֣יתbêṯ — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study → of David, saying, “May the LORDיְהוָ֔הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → holdמִיַּ֖דmî·yaḏ — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → David’sדָוִֽד׃ḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → enemiesאֹיְבֵ֥י’ō·yə·ḇê — Enemy; adversary; one who opposesH341 — Full Word Study → accountableוּבִקֵּ֣שׁū·ḇiq·qêš — To seek, search for, or request earnestlyH1245 — Full Word Study →.” 17And Jonathanיְהֽוֹנָתָן֙yə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → had Davidדָּוִ֔דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → reaffirmוַיּ֤וֹסֶףway·yō·w·sep̄ — to add, increase, or do againH3254 — Full Word Study → his vowלְהַשְׁבִּ֣יעַlə·haš·bî·a‘ — To swear an oath; to bind oneself by solemn promiseH7650 — Full Word Study → out of loveבְּאַהֲבָת֖וֹbə·’a·hă·ḇā·ṯōw — Love, affection, devotionH160 — Full Word Study → for himאֹת֑וֹ’ō·ṯōw — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study →, forכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → Jonathan loved David as he lovedאַהֲבַ֥ת’a·hă·ḇaṯ — Love, affection, devotionH160 — Full Word Study → himselfנַפְשׁ֖וֹnap̄·šōw — soul, life, person, selfH5315 — Full Word Study →. 18Then Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֖ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּֽאמֶר־way·yō·mer- — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → to David, “Tomorrowמָחָ֣רmā·ḥār — tomorrow, the next dayH4279 — Full Word Study → is the New Moonחֹ֑דֶשׁḥō·ḏeš — A month; lunar period; new moonH2320 — Full Word Study →, and you will be missedוְנִפְקַ֕דְתָּwə·nip̄·qaḏ·tā — to visit, oversee, appoint, care forH6485 — Full Word Study → if your seatמוֹשָׁבֶֽךָ׃mō·wō·šā·ḇe·ḵā — Seat, dwelling place, settlementH4186 — Full Word Study → is empty. 19When you have stayed three days, hurryמְאֹ֔דmə·’ōḏ — Much, greatly, very, exceedinglyH3966 — Full Word Study → downתֵּרֵ֣דtê·rêḏ — To descend, go down, come downH3381 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the placeהַמָּק֔וֹםham·mā·qō·wm — A place, location, or spaceH4725 — Full Word Study → you hidנִסְתַּ֥רְתָּnis·tar·tā — To hide, conceal, or keep secretH5641 — Full Word Study → on the dayבְּי֣וֹםbə·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → this trouble beganהַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֑הham·ma·‘ă·śeh — Work, deed, or actionH4639 — Full Word Study →, and remainוְיָ֣שַׁבְתָּ֔wə·yā·šaḇ·tā — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → besideאֵ֖צֶל’ê·ṣel — beside, near, close byH681 — Full Word Study → the stoneהָאֶ֥בֶןhā·’e·ḇen — Stone; rock; precious stoneH68 — Full Word Study → Ezelהָאָֽזֶל׃hā·’ā·zel — Stone of partingH237 — Full Word Study →. 20Iוַאֲנִ֕יwa·’ă·nî — I, me, myself (first person singular pronoun)H589 — Full Word Study → will shootאוֹרֶ֑ה’ō·w·reh — To shoot, throw, or teach; to direct or instructH3384 — Full Word Study → threeשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁתšə·lō·šeṯ — The number three; a group of three thingsH7969 — Full Word Study → arrowsהַחִצִּ֖יםha·ḥiṣ·ṣîm — Arrow; projectile weapon or shaftH2671 — Full Word Study → to the side of itצִדָּ֣הṣid·dāh — side, flank, edgeH6654 — Full Word Study →, as if I were aimingלְשַֽׁלַּֽח־lə·šal·laḥ- — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → at a targetלְמַטָּרָֽה׃lə·maṭ·ṭā·rāh — Mark, sign, or targetH4307 — Full Word Study →. 21Thenוְהִנֵּה֙wə·hin·nêh — Look! Behold! Pay attention!H2009 — Full Word Study → I will sendאֶשְׁלַ֣ח’eš·laḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → a boy and say, ‘Goלֵ֖ךְlêḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study →, findמְצָ֣אmə·ṣā — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study → the arrowsהַחִצִּ֑יםha·ḥiṣ·ṣîm — Arrow; projectile weapon or shaftH2671 — Full Word Study →!’ Now, ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → I expressly sayאָמֹר֩’ā·mōr — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → to himלַנַּ֜עַרlan·na·‘ar — Young man, boy, or male servantH5288 — Full Word Study →, ‘Lookהִנֵּ֥הhin·nêh — Look! Behold! Pay attention!H2009 — Full Word Study →, the arrowsהַחִצִּ֣ים׀ha·ḥiṣ·ṣîm — Arrow; projectile weapon or shaftH2671 — Full Word Study → are on this sideוָהֵ֗נָּהwā·hên·nāh — here, now, thus, in this placeH2008 — Full Word Study → of youמִמְּךָ֣mim·mə·ḵā — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study →; bring themקָחֶ֧נּוּ׀qā·ḥen·nū — to take, seize, or receiveH3947 — Full Word Study →,’ then comeוָבֹ֛אָהwā·ḇō·’āh — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study →, becauseכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → as surely as the LORDיְהוָֽה׃Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → livesחַי־ḥay- — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study →, it is safeשָׁל֥וֹםšā·lō·wm — Peace, wholeness, well-being, prosperityH7965 — Full Word Study → for you and there is noוְאֵ֥יןwə·’ên — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study → dangerדָּבָ֖רdā·ḇār — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study →. 22But ifוְאִם־wə·’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → I sayאֹמַר֙’ō·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → to the young manלָעֶ֔לֶםlā·‘e·lem — young man, youth, striplingH5958 — Full Word Study →, ‘Lookהִנֵּ֥הhin·nêh — Look! Behold! Pay attention!H2009 — Full Word Study →, the arrows are beyond youמִמְּךָ֣mim·mə·ḵā — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study →,’ thenוָהָ֑לְאָהwā·hā·lə·’āh — Beyond, further, yonder; forward or back in space/timeH1973 — Full Word Study → you must goלֵ֕ךְlêḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study →, forכִּ֥יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָֽה׃Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → has sent you awayשִֽׁלַּחֲךָ֖šil·la·ḥă·ḵā — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study →. 23And as for the matterוְהַ֨דָּבָ֔רwə·had·dā·ḇār — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → youוָאָ֑תָּהwā·’āt·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → and Iאֲנִ֣י’ă·nî — I, me, myself (first person singular pronoun)H589 — Full Word Study → have discussedדִּבַּ֖רְנוּdib·bar·nū — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study →, the LORDיְהוָ֛הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → is a witness betweenבֵּינִ֥יbê·nî — between, among, in the midst ofH996 — Full Word Study → you and meוּבֵינְךָ֖ū·ḇê·nə·ḵā — between, among, in the midst ofH996 — Full Word Study → foreverעַד־‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study →.” 24So Davidדָּוִ֖דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → hidוַיִּסָּתֵ֥רway·yis·sā·ṯêr — To hide, conceal, or keep secretH5641 — Full Word Study → in the fieldבַּשָּׂדֶ֑הbaś·śā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study →, and when the New Moonהַחֹ֔דֶשׁha·ḥō·ḏeš — A month; lunar period; new moonH2320 — Full Word Study → had comeוַיְהִ֣יway·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study →, the kingהַמֶּ֛לֶךְham·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → sat downוַיֵּ֧שֶׁבway·yê·šeḇ — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → to eatלֶאֱכֽוֹל׃le·’ĕ·ḵō·wl — to eat, consume, devourH398 — Full Word Study →. 25Heהַ֠מֶּלֶךְham·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → satוַיֵּ֣שֶׁבway·yê·šeḇ — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → inעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → his usualכְּפַ֣עַם׀kə·p̄a·‘am — time, occasion, or instance of occurrenceH6471 — Full Word Study → placeמ֨וֹשָׁב֜וֹmō·wō·šā·ḇōw — Seat, dwelling place, settlementH4186 — Full Word Study → by the wallהַקִּ֔ירhaq·qîr — A wall; a barrier or fortificationH7023 — Full Word Study →, oppositeוַיָּ֙קָם֙way·yā·qām — To rise, stand, or be establishedH6965 — Full Word Study → Jonathanיְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → andוַיֵּ֥שֶׁבway·yê·šeḇ — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → besideמִצַּ֣דmiṣ·ṣaḏ — side, flank, edgeH6654 — Full Word Study → Abnerאַבְנֵ֖ר’aḇ·nêr — Abner, commander of Saul's armyH74 — Full Word Study →, but David’sדָּוִֽד׃dā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → placeמְק֥וֹםmə·qō·wm — A place, location, or spaceH4725 — Full Word Study → was emptyוַיִּפָּקֵ֖דway·yip·pā·qêḏ — to visit, oversee, appoint, care forH6485 — Full Word Study →. 26Saulשָׁא֛וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → saidדִבֶּ֥רḏib·ber — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → nothingוְלֹֽא־wə·lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → thatהַה֑וּאha·hū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → dayבַּיּ֣וֹםbay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → becauseכִּ֤יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → he thoughtאָמַר֙’ā·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Something has happened toמִקְרֶ֣הmiq·reh — accident, chance occurrence, happenstanceH4745 — Full Word Study → David to make him ceremonially uncleanבִּלְתִּ֥יbil·tî — without, except, lest, or nothing butH1115 — Full Word Study →surelyכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → he is uncleanלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study →.” 27Butוַיְהִ֗יway·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → on the day afterמִֽמָּחֳרַ֤תmim·mā·ḥo·raṯ — The next day, morrow, following dayH4283 — Full Word Study → the New Moonהַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ha·ḥō·ḏeš — A month; lunar period; new moonH2320 — Full Word Study →, the second day, David’sדָּוִ֑דסdå̄·wi·ḏs — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → placeמְק֣וֹםmə·qō·wm — A place, location, or spaceH4725 — Full Word Study → was still emptyוַיִּפָּקֵ֖דway·yip·pā·qêḏ — to visit, oversee, appoint, care forH6485 — Full Word Study →, and Saulשָׁאוּל֙šā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → askedוַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → his sonבְּנ֔וֹbə·nōw — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֣ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study →, “Whyמַדּ֜וּעַmad·dū·a‘ — Why? For what reason?H4069 — Full Word Study → hasn’tלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → the sonבֶן־ḇen- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Jesseיִשַׁ֛יyi·šay — Jesse, father of DavidH3448 — Full Word Study → comeבָ֧אḇā — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the mealהַלָּֽחֶם׃hal·lā·ḥem — Bread; food; sustenanceH3899 — Full Word Study → eitherגַּם־gam- — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → yesterdayתְּמ֥וֹלtə·mō·wl — Yesterday; time past; formerlyH8543 — Full Word Study → or todayגַּם־gam- — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study →?” 28Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֖ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → answeredוַיַּ֥עַןway·ya·‘an — To answer, respond, or testifyH6030 — Full Word Study →, “Davidדָּוִ֛דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → urgently requestedנִשְׁאֹ֨לniš·’ōl — to ask, request, inquire, or demandH7592 — Full Word Study → my permission toעַד־‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → go to Bethlehemלָֽחֶם׃lā·ḥem — House of BreadH1035 — Full Word Study →, 29sayingוַיֹּ֡אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, ‘Pleaseנָ֡אnā — Please, I beseech, I prayH4994 — Full Word Study → let me goשַׁלְּחֵ֣נִיšal·lə·ḥê·nî — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study →, becauseכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → our clanמִשְׁפָּחָ֨הmiš·pā·ḥāh — Family, clan, household groupH4940 — Full Word Study → is holding a sacrificeזֶבַח֩ze·ḇaḥ — sacrificial offering; animal sacrificeH2077 — Full Word Study → in the cityבָּעִ֗ירbā·‘îr — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study →, and my brotherאָחִ֔י’ā·ḥî — Male sibling; brother; kinsmanH251 — Full Word Study → has told meצִוָּֽה־ṣiw·wāh- — to command, order, or appoint with authorityH6680 — Full Word Study → to be there. So nowוְעַתָּ֗הwə·‘at·tāh — Now; at the present timeH6258 — Full Word Study →, ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → I have foundמָצָ֤אתִיmā·ṣā·ṯî — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study → favorחֵן֙ḥên — Favor, grace, or kindness shown to someoneH2580 — Full Word Study → in your eyesבְּעֵינֶ֔יךָbə·‘ê·ne·ḵā — Eye; sight; appearance; fountainH5869 — Full Word Study →, pleaseנָּ֖אnā — Please, I beseech, I prayH4994 — Full Word Study → let me goאִמָּ֥לְטָה’im·mā·lə·ṭāh — to escape, deliver, or save from dangerH4422 — Full Word Study → and seeוְאֶרְאֶ֣הwə·’er·’eh — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → my brothersאֶחָ֑י’e·ḥāy — Male sibling; brother; kinsmanH251 — Full Word Study →.’ That is whyעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → he did not comeבָ֔אḇā — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the king’sהַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃סham·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → tableשֻׁלְחַ֖ןšul·ḥan — table, especially for eating or displaying itemsH7979 — Full Word Study →.” 30Then Saul’sשָׁאוּל֙šā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → angerאַ֤ף’ap̄ — Anger, wrath, face, or noseH639 — Full Word Study → burnedוַיִּֽחַר־way·yi·ḥar- — to burn with anger, become incensedH2734 — Full Word Study → against Jonathanבִּיה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןbî·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study →, and he saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → to him, “You sonבֶּֽן־ben- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of a perverseנַעֲוַ֖תna·‘ă·waṯ — to bend, twist, or act crookedly; to do wrongH5753 — Full Word Study → and rebellious womanהַמַּרְדּ֑וּתham·mar·dūṯ — rebelliousness, stubborn defianceH4780 — Full Word Study →! Do I notהֲל֣וֹאhă·lō·w — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → knowיָדַ֗עְתִּיyā·ḏa‘·tî — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → thatכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → youאַתָּה֙’at·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → have chosenבֹחֵ֤רḇō·ḥêr — To choose, select, or preferH977 — Full Word Study → the sonלְבֶן־lə·ḇen- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Jesseיִשַׁ֔יyi·šay — Jesse, father of DavidH3448 — Full Word Study → to your own shameלְבָ֨שְׁתְּךָ֔lə·ḇā·šə·tə·ḵā — shame, disgrace, dishonorH1322 — Full Word Study → and to the disgrace of the motherאִמֶּֽךָ׃’im·me·ḵā — mother; female parentH517 — Full Word Study → who bore youעֶרְוַ֥ת‘er·waṯ — nakedness, shame, exposed vulnerabilityH6172 — Full Word Study →? 31Forכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → as long asהַיָּמִ֗יםhay·yā·mîm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → the sonבֶּן־ben- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Jesseיִשַׁי֙yi·šay — Jesse, father of DavidH3448 — Full Word Study → livesחַ֣יḥay — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study → onעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → this earth, neitherלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → youאַתָּ֣ה’at·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → nor your kingship shall be establishedתִכּ֖וֹןṯik·kō·wn — to establish, prepare, or make firmH3559 — Full Word Study →. Nowוְעַתָּ֗הwə·‘at·tāh — Now; at the present timeH6258 — Full Word Study → send for himשְׁלַ֨חšə·laḥ — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → and bringוְקַ֤חwə·qaḥ — to take, seize, or receiveH3947 — Full Word Study → himאֹתוֹ֙’ō·ṯōw — direct object marker; signs accusative caseH853 — Full Word Study → to meאֵלַ֔י’ê·lay — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study →, forכִּ֥יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → heהֽוּא׃סhū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → must surely dieמָ֖וֶתmā·weṯ — death, the state of being deadH4194 — Full Word Study →!” 32Whyלָ֥מָּהlām·māh — What? Why? How? (interrogative particle)H4100 — Full Word Study → must he be put to deathיוּמַ֖תyū·maṯ — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study →?” Jonathanיְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → repliedוַיַּ֙עַן֙way·ya·‘an — To answer, respond, or testifyH6030 — Full Word Study →. “Whatמֶ֥הmeh — What? Why? How? (interrogative particle)H4100 — Full Word Study → has he doneעָשָֽׂה׃‘ā·śāh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study →?” 33Then Saulשָׁא֧וּלšā·’ūl — Asked of GodH7586 — Full Word Study → hurledוַיָּ֨טֶלway·yā·ṭel — to throw, cast, or hurl awayH2904 — Full Word Study → his spearהַחֲנִ֛יתha·ḥă·nîṯ — Spear; a long-shafted weaponH2595 — Full Word Study → at Jonathan to kill himלְהַכֹּת֑וֹlə·hak·kō·ṯōw — To strike, smite, or defeat with forceH5221 — Full Word Study →; so Jonathanיְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → knewוַיֵּ֙דַע֙way·yê·ḏa‘ — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → thatכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → his fatherאָבִ֖יו’ā·ḇîw — H1 — Full Word Study → was determinedכָ֥לָהḵā·lāh — to finish, complete, or bring to an endH3615 — Full Word Study → to killלְהָמִ֥יתlə·hā·mîṯ — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study → Davidדָּוִֽד׃סdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →. 34Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֛ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → got upוַיָּ֧קָםway·yā·qām — To rise, stand, or be establishedH6965 — Full Word Study → fromמֵעִ֥םmê·‘im — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → the tableהַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ןhaš·šul·ḥān — table, especially for eating or displaying itemsH7979 — Full Word Study → in fierceבָּחֳרִי־bā·ḥo·rî- — Burning anger, fierce wrath, heat of passionH2750 — Full Word Study → angerאָ֑ף’āp̄ — Anger, wrath, face, or noseH639 — Full Word Study → and did notוְלֹא־wə·lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → eatאָכַ֞ל’ā·ḵal — to eat, consume, devourH398 — Full Word Study → any foodלֶ֔חֶםle·ḥem — Bread; food; sustenanceH3899 — Full Word Study → that secondהַשֵּׁנִי֙haš·šê·nî — second; again; another; otherH8145 — Full Word Study → dayבְּיוֹם־bə·yō·wm- — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → of the monthהַחֹ֤דֶשׁha·ḥō·ḏeš — A month; lunar period; new moonH2320 — Full Word Study →, forכִּ֤יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → he was grievedנֶעְצַב֙ne‘·ṣaḇ — to grieve, pain, or vex; to be displeasedH6087 — Full Word Study → byכִּ֥יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → his father’sאָבִֽיו׃ס’ā·ḇîw — H1 — Full Word Study → shameful treatmentהִכְלִמ֖וֹhiḵ·li·mōw — to be ashamed, humiliated, or confoundedH3637 — Full Word Study → ofאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Davidדָּוִ֔דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →. 35In the morningבַבֹּ֔קֶרḇab·bō·qer — Morning; daybreak; the early part of the dayH1242 — Full Word Study → Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֛ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → went outוַיֵּצֵ֧אway·yê·ṣê — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → to the fieldהַשָּׂדֶ֖הhaś·śā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study → for the appointmentלְמוֹעֵ֣דlə·mō·w·‘êḏ — appointed time; solemn assemblyH4150 — Full Word Study → with Davidדָּוִ֑דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →, and a smallקָטֹ֖ןqā·ṭōn — Small, little, least, or young in size, number, age, or importanceH6996 — Full Word Study → boyוְנַ֥עַרwə·na·‘ar — Young man, boy, or male servantH5288 — Full Word Study → was with himעִמּֽוֹ׃‘im·mōw — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study →. 36He saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → to the boyלְנַעֲר֔וֹlə·na·‘ă·rōw — Young man, boy, or male servantH5288 — Full Word Study →, “Runרֻ֗ץruṣ — to run; move swiftlyH7323 — Full Word Study → and findמְצָ֥אmə·ṣā — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study → the arrowsהַ֣חִצִּ֔יםha·ḥiṣ·ṣîm — Arrow; projectile weapon or shaftH2671 — Full Word Study → Iאָנֹכִ֖י’ā·nō·ḵî — I, myself (first-person singular pronoun)H595 — Full Word Study → shootמוֹרֶ֑הmō·w·reh — To shoot, throw, or teach; to direct or instructH3384 — Full Word Study →.” And as the boyהַנַּ֣עַרhan·na·‘ar — Young man, boy, or male servantH5288 — Full Word Study → ranרָ֔ץrāṣ — to run; move swiftlyH7323 — Full Word Study →, Jonathanוְהֽוּא־wə·hū- — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → shotיָרָ֥הyā·rāh — To shoot, throw, or teach; to direct or instructH3384 — Full Word Study → an arrowהַחֵ֖צִיha·ḥê·ṣî — Arrow; projectile weaponH2678 — Full Word Study → beyond himלְהַעֲבִרֽוֹ׃lə·ha·‘ă·ḇi·rōw — to cross over; to pass through or beyondH5674 — Full Word Study →. 37When the boyהַנַּ֙עַר֙han·na·‘ar — Young man, boy, or male servantH5288 — Full Word Study → reachedוַיָּבֹ֤אway·yā·ḇō — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → the place whereמְק֣וֹםmə·qō·wm — A place, location, or spaceH4725 — Full Word Study → Jonathan’sיְהוֹנָתָ֑ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → arrowהַחֵ֔צִיha·ḥê·ṣî — Arrow; projectile weaponH2678 — Full Word Study → had fallenיָרָ֖הyā·rāh — To shoot, throw, or teach; to direct or instructH3384 — Full Word Study →, Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֜ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → calledוַיִּקְרָ֨אway·yiq·rā — To call, summon, or proclaimH7121 — Full Word Study → toאַחֲרֵ֤י’a·ḥă·rê — after, behind, followingH310 — Full Word Study → himהַנַּ֙עַר֙han·na·‘ar — Young man, boy, or male servantH5288 — Full Word Study →, “Isn’tהֲל֥וֹאhă·lō·w — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → the arrowהַחֵ֖צִיha·ḥê·ṣî — Arrow; projectile weaponH2678 — Full Word Study → beyond youמִמְּךָ֥mim·mə·ḵā — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study →?” 38Then Jonathanיְהֽוֹנָתָן֙yə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → cried outוַיִּקְרָ֤אway·yiq·rā — To call, summon, or proclaimH7121 — Full Word Study →, “Hurryמְהֵרָ֥הmə·hê·rāh — Haste, speed, urgency of actionH4120 — Full Word Study →! Make hasteח֖וּשָׁהḥū·šāh — To hurry; to hasten with eagernessH2363 — Full Word Study →! Do notאַֽל־’al- — do not; negative imperative particleH408 — Full Word Study → delayתַּעֲמֹ֑דta·‘ă·mōḏ — to stand, take a stand, be establishedH5975 — Full Word Study →!” So the boyנַ֤עַרna·‘ar — Young man, boy, or male servantH5288 — Full Word Study → picked up the arrowוַיְלַקֵּ֞טway·laq·qêṭ — to gather, collect, or gleanH3950 — Full Word Study → and returnedוַיָּבֹ֖אway·yā·ḇō — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → his masterאֲדֹנָֽיו׃’ă·ḏō·nāw — Lord, master, owner, rulerH113 — Full Word Study →. 39But the boyוְהַנַּ֖עַרwə·han·na·‘ar — Young man, boy, or male servantH5288 — Full Word Study → did notלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → knowיָדַ֣עyā·ḏa‘ — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → anythingמְא֑וּמָהmə·’ū·māh — anything, something, aughtH3972 — Full Word Study →; onlyאַ֤ךְ’aḵ — Surely, certainly, only, neverthelessH389 — Full Word Study → Jonathanיְהֽוֹנָתָן֙yə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → and Davidוְדָוִ֔דwə·ḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → knewיָדְע֖וּyā·ḏə·‘ū — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → the arrangementהַדָּבָֽר׃had·dā·ḇār — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study →. 40Then Jonathanיְהֽוֹנָתָן֙yə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → gaveוַיִּתֵּ֤ןway·yit·tên — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → his equipmentכֵּלָ֔יוkê·lāw — vessel, instrument, or article of useH3627 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the boyהַנַּ֖עַרhan·na·‘ar — Young man, boy, or male servantH5288 — Full Word Study → and saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Goלֵ֖ךְlêḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study →, take it backהָבֵ֥יאhā·ḇê — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → to the cityהָעִֽיר׃hā·‘îr — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study →.” 41When the young manהַנַּעַר֮han·na·‘ar — Young man, boy, or male servantH5288 — Full Word Study → had goneבָּא֒bā — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study →, Davidוְדָוִ֗דwə·ḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → got upקָ֚םqām — To rise, stand, or be establishedH6965 — Full Word Study → from the southהַנֶּ֔גֶבhan·ne·ḡeḇ — The South, Southern RegionH5045 — Full Word Study → side of the stone, fellוַיִּפֹּ֨לway·yip·pōl — to fall; collapse; perishH5307 — Full Word Study → facedownלְאַפָּ֥יוlə·’ap·pāw — Anger, wrath, face, or noseH639 — Full Word Study →, and bowedוַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּway·yiš·ta·ḥū — To bow down; to worship or show reverenceH7812 — Full Word Study → threeשָׁלֹ֣שׁšā·lōš — The number three; a group of three thingsH7969 — Full Word Study → timesפְּעָמִ֑יםpə·‘ā·mîm — time, occasion, or instance of occurrenceH6471 — Full Word Study →. Then he and Jonathan kissedוַֽיִּשְּׁק֣וּ׀way·yiš·šə·qū — To kiss; to touch; to equip with weaponsH5401 — Full Word Study → eachאִ֣ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → otherרֵעֵ֗הוּrê·‘ê·hū — neighbor, friend, companion, associateH7453 — Full Word Study → and weptוַיִּבְכּוּ֙way·yiḇ·kū — to weep, cry, shed tearsH1058 — Full Word Study → togetherאִ֣ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study →thoughעַד־‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → Davidדָּוִ֖דdā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study → wept moreהִגְדִּֽיל׃hiḡ·dîl — to grow, become great, magnifyH1431 — Full Word Study →. 42And Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֛ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → saidוַיֹּ֧אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → to Davidלְדָוִ֖דlə·ḏā·wiḏ — BelovedH1732 — Full Word Study →, “Goלֵ֣ךְlêḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → in peaceלְשָׁל֑וֹםlə·šā·lō·wm — Peace, wholeness, well-being, prosperityH7965 — Full Word Study →, forאֲשֶׁר֩’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → the twoשְׁנֵ֜ינוּšə·nê·nū — The number two; a pair or coupleH8147 — Full Word Study → of usאֲנַ֗חְנוּ’ă·naḥ·nū — We, us, ourselves (first person plural pronoun)H587 — Full Word Study → have swornנִשְׁבַּ֨עְנוּniš·ba‘·nū — To swear an oath; to bind oneself by solemn promiseH7650 — Full Word Study → in the nameבְּשֵׁ֤םbə·šêm — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study → of the LORDיְהוָה֙Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →, sayingלֵאמֹ֔רlê·mōr — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, ‘May the LORDיְהוָ֞הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → beיִֽהְיֶ֣ה׀yih·yeh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → a witness betweenבֵּינִ֣יbê·nî — between, among, in the midst ofH996 — Full Word Study → you and meוּבֵינֶ֗ךָū·ḇê·ne·ḵā — between, among, in the midst ofH996 — Full Word Study →, and betweenוּבֵ֥יןū·ḇên — between, among, in the midst ofH996 — Full Word Study → your descendantsזַרְעֲךָ֖zar·‘ă·ḵā — Seed; offspring; descendant; progenyH2233 — Full Word Study → andוּבֵ֥יןū·ḇên — between, among, in the midst ofH996 — Full Word Study → mineזַרְעִ֛יzar·‘î — Seed; offspring; descendant; progenyH2233 — Full Word Study → foreverעַד־‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study →.’” Then David got upוַיָּ֖קָםway·yā·qām — To rise, stand, or be establishedH6965 — Full Word Study → and departedוַיֵּלַ֑ךְway·yê·laḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study →, and Jonathanוִיהוֹנָתָ֖ןwî·hō·w·nā·ṯān — Yahweh has givenH3083 — Full Word Study → went backבָּ֥אbā — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → into the cityהָעִֽיר׃hā·‘îr — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study →.
Scripture Explorer
Original Language
Notes & Doctrine
Chapter Commentary
Cross-Refs
Highlight
My Note
Original Hebrew / Greek
Loading…
Translation Notes & Doctrine — This Verse
Loading…
Chapter Commentary — 1 Samuel 20
Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview

1 Samuel 20 records one of Scripture's most touching examples of covenant friendship: the relationship between David and Jonathan. Facing Saul's murderous jealousy, David flees to Jonathan seeking answers about the king's intentions. Through a carefully arranged signal involving arrows, Jonathan confirms his father's determination to kill David, and the two friends renew their sacred covenant. This chapter beautifully demonstrates loyal love (hesed) in the face of impossible circumstances, and it reminds us that genuine friendship is willing to sacrifice everything for the beloved.

Verses 1–5: David's Desperate Question

David arrives at Jonathan in great distress, asking what sin he has committed that Saul seeks his life (v. 1). His desperation is evident: he needs to understand whether the king's hostility is real or imagined. Jonathan's initial response is reassuring but somewhat naive—he claims his father hides nothing from him and will reveal any evil plans (vv. 2–3). However, David knows better. He has seen enough of Saul's behavior to recognize genuine danger. The solemn oath formula "as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth" (v. 3) underscores David's conviction that death is near—"but a step between me and death."

David proposes a test: he will skip the new moon feast, a mandatory royal occasion, and hide in the field (vv. 4–5). If Saul notices and reacts with anger, then evil is indeed determined against him. Jonathan's immediate promise—"Whatsoever thy soul desireth, I will even do it for thee" (v. 4)—reveals the depth of his love and loyalty, even before he fully understands what is required.

Verses 6–11: The Cover Story and the Field Encounter

David instructs Jonathan to tell Saul that he has gone to Bethlehem for a family sacrifice (vv. 5–6). This cover story is partly true; there was indeed such a sacrifice. If Saul accepts this explanation, David will know he is safe; if Saul's wrath kindles, David will know evil is determined (v. 7). David then appeals to Jonathan's earlier covenant promise, reminding him that he brought David into "a covenant of the LORD" with him (v. 8). Remarkably, David even offers to let Jonathan kill him rather than betray him to Saul—a stunning expression of trust and honor.

Jonathan recoils at this suggestion (v. 9) and pledges that if he learns evil is determined, he will certainly tell David. When David presses him about what happens if Saul answers roughly (v. 10), Jonathan wisely suggests they go to the field for privacy (v. 11). What follows is a solemn renewal of covenant in the presence of God Himself.

Verses 12–23: The Covenant Renewed

In the open field, Jonathan invokes the LORD as witness to his commitment (vv. 12–13). He swears that he will discover Saul's true intentions and inform David accordingly, with the LORD's judgment upon him if he fails. Verse 14 introduces a new dimension: Jonathan asks David to show him "the kindness of the LORD" not only during Jonathan's lifetime but forever—extending mercy to Jonathan's descendants (v. 15). This is not mere sentiment; it is a formal covenant regarding the future.

In verse 16, Jonathan makes a remarkable oath: "Let the LORD even require it at the hand of David's enemies." He is essentially placing his trust in David's future position and God's faithfulness. Verse 17 captures the emotional truth: "he loved him as he loved his own soul." This is covenant love in its purest form. The signal is arranged: three arrows shot as if at a target (vv. 19–22). If Jonathan says the arrows are "on this side," all is well; if "beyond," David must flee immediately.

Verses 24–34: The Test and Saul's Fury

When the new moon feast arrives, David's empty seat is noticed (vv. 24–25). Saul initially says nothing, assuming David is ceremonially unclean (v. 26). But on the second day, he directly confronts Jonathan about David's absence (v. 27). Jonathan delivers the prepared excuse (vv. 28–29), but Saul's response is explosive. He curses Jonathan, calling him "thou son of the perverse rebellious woman" (v. 30) and declares that as long as David lives, Jonathan's kingdom cannot be established. Saul demands that David be brought to him to be executed (v. 31).

Jonathan's simple question—"Wherefore shall he be slain? what hath he done?" (v. 32)—is met with brutal violence: Saul casts a javelin at his own son (v. 33). In that moment, Jonathan knows the truth is confirmed: his father is determined to kill David. His response reveals his heart: he leaves the table in fierce anger and grieves for David, fasting the entire day (v. 34).

Verses 35–42: The Arrow Signal and Tearful Farewell

The next morning, Jonathan goes to the appointed field with a young lad, enacting their signal (vv. 35–38). He

Cross References
Loading…
Highlight This Verse
My Note