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1 Kings 4

BSB·34 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1So Kingהַמֶּ֣לֶךְham·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → Solomonשְׁלֹמֹ֔הšə·lō·mōh — His peaceH8010 — Full Word Study → ruledמֶ֖לֶךְme·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → overעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → Israelיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃סyiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study →, 2and theseוְאֵ֥לֶּהwə·’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → were his chief officialsהַשָּׂרִ֖יםhaś·śā·rîm — Ruler, leader, or one in authorityH8269 — Full Word Study →: Azariahעֲזַרְיָ֥הוּ‘ă·zar·yā·hū — The Lord helpsH5838 — Full Word Study → sonבֶן־ḇen- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Zadokצָד֖וֹקṣā·ḏō·wq — The righteousH6659 — Full Word Study → was the priest; 3Elihorephאֱלִיחֹ֧רֶף’ĕ·lî·ḥō·rep̄ — God is my strengthH456 — Full Word Study → and Ahijahוַאֲחִיָּ֛הwa·’ă·ḥî·yāh — My Brother Is YahwehH281 — Full Word Study →, the sonsבְּנֵ֥יbə·nê — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Shishaשִׁישָׁ֖אšî·šā — A scribe or officialH7894 — Full Word Study →, were secretaries; Jehoshaphatיְהוֹשָׁפָ֥טyə·hō·wō·šā·p̄āṭ — Yahweh judgesH3092 — Full Word Study → sonבֶּן־ben- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Ahiludאֲחִיל֖וּד’ă·ḥî·lūḏ — My brother is majestyH286 — Full Word Study → was the recorder; 4Benaiahוּבְנָיָ֥הוּū·ḇə·nā·yā·hū — The Lord BuildsH1141 — Full Word Study → sonבֶן־ḇen- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Jehoiadaיְהוֹיָדָ֖עyə·hō·w·yā·ḏā‘ — Yahweh KnowsH3077 — Full Word Study → was in charge of the armyהַצָּבָ֑אhaṣ·ṣā·ḇā — army, host, or organized military forceH6635 — Full Word Study →; Zadokוְצָד֥וֹקwə·ṣā·ḏō·wq — The righteousH6659 — Full Word Study → and Abiatharוְאֶבְיָתָ֖רwə·’eḇ·yā·ṯār — Abiathar, a high priest of IsraelH54 — Full Word Study → were priests; 5Azariahוַעֲזַרְיָ֥הוּwa·‘ă·zar·yā·hū — The Lord helpsH5838 — Full Word Study → sonבֶן־ḇen- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Nathanנָתָ֖ןnā·ṯān — He gaveH5416 — Full Word Study → was in charge of the governorsהַנִּצָּבִ֑יםhan·niṣ·ṣā·ḇîm — To stand, station, or set up firmlyH5324 — Full Word Study →; Zabudוְזָב֧וּדwə·zā·ḇūḏ — God has givenH2071 — Full Word Study → sonבֶּן־ben- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Nathanנָתָ֛ןnā·ṯān — He gaveH5416 — Full Word Study → was a priest and adviserרֵעֶ֥הrê·‘eh — friend, companion, associateH7463 — Full Word Study → to the kingהַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ham·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study →; 6Ahisharוַאֲחִישָׁ֖רwa·’ă·ḥî·šār — My brother has consideredH301 — Full Word Study → was in charge of the palaceהַבָּ֑יִתhab·bā·yiṯ — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study →; and Adoniramוַאֲדֹנִירָ֥םwa·’ă·ḏō·nî·rām — My Lord is ExaltedH141 — Full Word Study → sonבֶּן־ben- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Abdaעַבְדָּ֖א‘aḇ·dā — Servant of GodH5653 — Full Word Study → was in charge of the forced laborהַמַּֽס׃סham·mas — Forced labor, taskmaster, or tribute-bearerH4522 — Full Word Study →. 7Solomonוְלִשְׁלֹמֹ֞הwə·liš·lō·mōh — His peaceH8010 — Full Word Study → had twelveשְׁנֵים־šə·nêm- — The number two; a pair or coupleH8147 — Full Word Study → governorsנִצָּבִים֙niṣ·ṣā·ḇîm — To stand, station, or set up firmlyH5324 — Full Word Study → overעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לyiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study → to provide foodוְכִלְכְּל֥וּwə·ḵil·kə·lū — to sustain, bear, hold up, containH3557 — Full Word Study → for the kingהַמֶּ֖לֶךְham·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → and his householdבֵּית֑וֹbê·ṯōw — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study →. Each one would arrange provisionsלְכַלְכֵּֽל׃סlə·ḵal·kêl — to sustain, bear, hold up, containH3557 — Full Word Study → for one monthחֹ֧דֶשׁḥō·ḏeš — A month; lunar period; new moonH2320 — Full Word Study → of the yearבַּשָּׁנָ֛הbaš·šā·nāh — Year; period of time or ageH8141 — Full Word Study →, 8and theseוְאֵ֣לֶּהwə·’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → were their namesשְׁמוֹתָ֔םšə·mō·w·ṯām — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study →: Ben-hurח֖וּרḥūr — Ben-hur, son of Hur (proper name)H1133 — Full Word Study → in the hill countryבְּהַ֥רbə·har — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study → of Ephraimאֶפְרָֽיִם׃ס’ep̄·rā·yim — Double fruitfulnessH669 — Full Word Study →; 9Ben-dekerדֶּ֛קֶרde·qer — Ben-deker, one of Solomon's twelve regional administratorsH1128 — Full Word Study → in Makazבְּמָקַ֥ץbə·mā·qaṣ — Place of divisionH4739 — Full Word Study →, in Shaalbimוּבְשַֽׁעַלְבִ֖יםū·ḇə·ša·‘al·ḇîm — Fox townH8169 — Full Word Study →, in Beth-shemeshשָׁ֑מֶשׁšā·meš — Beth-shemesh, house of the sun, a Levitical cityH1053 — Full Word Study →, and in Elon-beth-hananחָנָֽן׃סḥā·nān — Elon-beth-hanan, a city in Solomon's administrative districtH358 — Full Word Study →; 10Ben-hesedחֶ֖סֶדḥe·seḏ — Lovingkindness, covenant mercyH2618 — Full Word Study → in Arubbothבָּֽאֲרֻבּ֑וֹתbā·’ă·rub·bō·wṯ — Administrative districtH700 — Full Word Study → (Socohשֹׂכֹ֖הśō·ḵōh — A city in JudahH7755 — Full Word Study → and allוְכָל־wə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the landאֶ֥רֶץ’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Hepherחֵֽפֶר׃סḥê·p̄er — Hepher, a Palestinian place and personal nameH2660 — Full Word Study → belonged to him); 11Ben-abinadabאֲבִֽינָדָ֖ב’ă·ḇî·nā·ḏāḇ — Son of AbinadabH1125 — Full Word Study → in Naphath-dorדֹּ֑ארdōr — A coastal cityH1756 — Full Word Study → (Taphathטָפַת֙ṭā·p̄aṯ — Taphath, Solomon's daughterH2955 — Full Word Study →, a daughterבַּת־baṯ- — daughter; female child or descendantH1323 — Full Word Study → of Solomonשְׁלֹמֹ֔הšə·lō·mōh — His peaceH8010 — Full Word Study →, wasהָ֥יְתָהhā·yə·ṯāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → his wifeלְאִשָּֽׁה׃סlə·’iš·šāh — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study →); 12Baanaבַּֽעֲנָא֙ba·‘ă·nā — Son of AhiludH1195 — Full Word Study → sonבֶּן־ben- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Ahiludאֲחִיל֔וּד’ă·ḥî·lūḏ — My brother is majestyH286 — Full Word Study → in Taanachתַּעְנַ֖ךְta‘·naḵ — A Canaanite cityH8590 — Full Word Study →, in Megiddoוּמְגִדּ֑וֹū·mə·ḡid·dōw — Place of GodH4023 — Full Word Study →, and in allוְכָל־wə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → of Beth-sheanשְׁאָ֡ןšə·’ān — Beth-shean, a fortified city in the Jordan ValleyH1052 — Full Word Study → next toאֵ֨צֶל’ê·ṣel — beside, near, close byH681 — Full Word Study → Zarethanצָרְתַ֜נָהṣā·rə·ṯa·nāh — A place of olive grovesH6891 — Full Word Study → belowמִתַּ֣חַתmit·ta·ḥaṯ — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study → Jezreelלְיִזְרְעֶ֗אלlə·yiz·rə·‘el — God scatters or God sowsH3157 — Full Word Study →, fromמִבֵּ֤יתmib·bêṯ — Beth-shean, a fortified city in the Jordan ValleyH1052 — Full Word Study → Beth-sheanשְׁאָן֙šə·’ān — Beth-shean, a fortified city in the Jordan ValleyH1052 — Full Word Study → toעַ֚ד‘aḏ — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → Abel-meholahמְחוֹלָ֔הmə·ḥō·w·lāh — Abel-meholah, a city in the Jordan ValleyH65 — Full Word Study → and on pastמֵעֵ֥בֶרmê·‘ê·ḇer — side, border, region beyondH5676 — Full Word Study → Jokmeamלְיָקְמֳעָֽם׃סlə·yā·qə·mo·‘ām — JokmeamH3361 — Full Word Study →; 13Ben-geberגֶּ֖בֶרge·ḇer — Son of GeberH1127 — Full Word Study → in Ramoth-gileadבְּרָמֹ֣תbə·rā·mōṯ — Heights, Elevated PlaceH7418 — Full Word Study → (the villagesחַוֺּת֩ḥaw·wōṯ — unwalled village or settlementH2333 — Full Word Study → of Jairיָאִ֨ירyā·’îr — God enlightensH2971 — Full Word Study → son ofבֶּן־ben- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → Manassehמְנַשֶּׁ֜הmə·naš·šeh — God has made me forgetH4519 — Full Word Study → in Gileadגִּלְעָ֑דgil·‘āḏ — Rocky, hilly regionH1568 — Full Word Study → belonged to him, as well as the regionחֶ֤בֶלḥe·ḇel — Rope, cord, line; inheritance; pain, sorrowH2256 — Full Word Study → of Argobאַרְגֹּב֙’ar·gōḇ — Stony regionH709 — Full Word Study → in Bashanבַּבָּשָׁ֔ןbab·bā·šān — Fertile region east of JordanH1316 — Full Word Study → with its sixtyשִׁשִּׁים֙šiš·šîm — The number sixty; three scoreH8346 — Full Word Study → greatגְּדֹל֔וֹתgə·ḏō·lō·wṯ — Great, mighty, large in size or significanceH1419 — Full Word Study → citiesעָרִ֣ים‘ā·rîm — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study → with wallsחוֹמָ֖הḥō·w·māh — A fortified wall or defensive barrierH2346 — Full Word Study → and bronzeנְחֹֽשֶׁת׃סnə·ḥō·šeṯ — Copper; bronze; metal object; figuratively, something base or vileH5178 — Full Word Study → barsוּבְרִ֥יחַū·ḇə·rî·aḥ — bar, bolt, or fugitiveH1280 — Full Word Study →); 14Ahinadabאֲחִֽינָדָ֥ב’ă·ḥî·nā·ḏāḇ — My brother is willingH292 — Full Word Study → sonבֶּן־ben- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Iddoעִדֹּ֖א‘id·dō — His testimony or ornamentH5714 — Full Word Study → in Mahanaimמַחֲנָֽיְמָה׃ma·ḥă·nā·yə·māh — Two campsH4266 — Full Word Study →; 15Ahimaazאֲחִימַ֖עַץ’ă·ḥî·ma·‘aṣ — My brother is kingH290 — Full Word Study → in Naphtaliבְּנַפְתָּלִ֑יbə·nap̄·tā·lî — My wrestlingH5321 — Full Word Study → (heה֗וּאhū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → had marriedלָקַ֛חlā·qaḥ — to take, seize, or receiveH3947 — Full Word Study → Basemathבָּשְׂמַ֥תbā·śə·maṯ — Fragrance, PerfumeH1315 — Full Word Study →, a daughterבַּת־baṯ- — daughter; female child or descendantH1323 — Full Word Study → of Solomonשְׁלֹמֹ֖הšə·lō·mōh — His peaceH8010 — Full Word Study →); 16Baanaבַּֽעֲנָא֙ba·‘ă·nā — Son of AhiludH1195 — Full Word Study → sonבֶּן־ben- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Hushaiחוּשָׁ֔יḥū·šāy — Hushai the ArchiteH2365 — Full Word Study → in Asherבְּאָשֵׁ֖רbə·’ā·šêr — Happy, BlessedH836 — Full Word Study → and in Alothוּבְעָלֽוֹת׃סū·ḇə·‘ā·lō·wṯ — City of JudahH1175 — Full Word Study →; 17Jehoshaphatיְהוֹשָׁפָ֥טyə·hō·wō·šā·p̄āṭ — Yahweh judgesH3092 — Full Word Study → sonבֶּן־ben- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Paruahפָּר֖וּחַpā·rū·aḥ — Flourishing, bloomingH6515 — Full Word Study → in Issacharבְּיִשָׂשכָֽר׃סbə·yi·śā·š·ḵār — He hears; God's rewardH3485 — Full Word Study →; 18Shimeiשִׁמְעִ֥יšim·‘î — The Lord hearsH8096 — Full Word Study → sonבֶן־ḇen- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Elaאֵלָ֖א’ê·lā — Oak treeH414 — Full Word Study → in Benjaminבְּבִנְיָמִֽן׃סbə·ḇin·yā·min — Son of the right handH1144 — Full Word Study →; 19Geberגֶּ֥בֶרge·ḇer — A man; mighty oneH1398 — Full Word Study → sonבֶּן־ben- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Uriאֻרִ֖י’u·rî — My lightH221 — Full Word Study → in the landבְּאֶ֣רֶץbə·’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Gileadגִּלְעָ֑דgil·‘āḏ — Rocky, hilly regionH1568 — Full Word Study →, including the territoriesאֶ֜רֶץ’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Sihonסִיח֣וֹן׀sî·ḥō·wn — King of the AmoritesH5511 — Full Word Study → kingמֶ֣לֶךְme·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → of the Amoritesהָאֱמֹרִ֗יhā·’ĕ·mō·rî — Canaanite peoplesH567 — Full Word Study → and of Ogוְעֹג֙wə·‘ōḡ — Og of BashanH5747 — Full Word Study → kingמֶ֣לֶךְme·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → of Bashanהַבָּשָׁ֔ןhab·bā·šān — Fertile region east of JordanH1316 — Full Word Study →. There was also oneאֶחָ֖ד’e·ḥāḏ — One; unity; single; firstH259 — Full Word Study → governorוּנְצִ֥יבū·nə·ṣîḇ — Garrison, military outpost, or standing officerH5333 — Full Word Study → in the land of Judah. 20The people of Judah and Israelוְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙wə·yiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study → were as numerous as the sandכַּח֥וֹלka·ḥō·wl — Sand; fine granules of rock or mineral matterH2344 — Full Word Study → onעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the seashoreהַיָּ֖םhay·yām — Sea, body of water; also directional (west, south)H3220 — Full Word Study →, and they were eatingאֹכְלִ֥ים’ō·ḵə·lîm — to eat, consume, devourH398 — Full Word Study → and drinkingוְשֹׁתִ֖יםwə·šō·ṯîm — to drink; consume liquidH8354 — Full Word Study → and rejoicingוּשְׂמֵחִֽים׃ū·śə·mê·ḥîm — to be glad, rejoice, make merryH8056 — Full Word Study →. 21And Solomonוּשְׁלֹמֹ֗הū·šə·lō·mōh — His peaceH8010 — Full Word Study → reignedמוֹשֵׁל֙mō·wō·šêl — To rule, reign, or exercise dominionH4910 — Full Word Study → over allבְּכָל־bə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the kingdomsהַמַּמְלָכ֔וֹתham·mam·lā·ḵō·wṯ — Kingdom; sovereign rule or realmH4467 — Full Word Study → fromמִן־min- — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → the Euphrates to the landאֶ֣רֶץ’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםpə·liš·tîm — PhilistineH6430 — Full Word Study →, as far asוְעַ֖דwə·‘aḏ — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → the borderגְּב֣וּלgə·ḇūl — boundary, border, or limit of a regionH1366 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִצְרָ֑יִםmiṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →. These kingdoms offered tributeמִנְחָ֛הmin·ḥāh — Gift offering; present or tributeH4503 — Full Word Study → and servedוְעֹבְדִ֥יםwə·‘ō·ḇə·ḏîm — to serve, labor, workH5647 — Full Word Study → Solomonשְׁלֹמֹ֖הšə·lō·mōh — His peaceH8010 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the daysיְמֵ֥יyə·mê — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → of his lifeחַיָּֽיו׃פḥay·yāw — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study →. 22Solomon’sשְׁלֹמֹ֖הšə·lō·mōh — His peaceH8010 — Full Word Study → provisionsלֶֽחֶם־le·ḥem- — Bread; food; sustenanceH3899 — Full Word Study → for a singleאֶחָ֑ד’e·ḥāḏ — One; unity; single; firstH259 — Full Word Study → dayלְי֣וֹםlə·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → wereוַיְהִ֥יway·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → thirtyשְׁלֹשִׁ֥יםšə·lō·šîm — thirty; group of thirtyH7970 — Full Word Study → corsכֹּר֙kōr — A large dry measure; a cor of grain or oilH3734 — Full Word Study → of fine flourסֹ֔לֶתsō·leṯ — Fine flour, premium grain mealH5560 — Full Word Study →, sixtyוְשִׁשִּׁ֥יםwə·šiš·šîm — The number sixty; three scoreH8346 — Full Word Study → corsכֹּ֖רkōr — A large dry measure; a cor of grain or oilH3734 — Full Word Study → of mealקָֽמַח׃qā·maḥ — Flour or meal made from grainH7058 — Full Word Study →, 23tenעֲשָׂרָ֨ה‘ă·śā·rāh — The number ten; a complete group or setH6235 — Full Word Study → fatבְּרִאִ֗יםbə·ri·’îm — Fat, well-fed, fertile, abundantly productiveH1277 — Full Word Study → oxenבָקָ֜רḇā·qār — cattle, herd, ox, bovine livestockH1241 — Full Word Study →, twentyוְעֶשְׂרִ֥יםwə·‘eś·rîm — The number twenty; a complete group or scoreH6242 — Full Word Study → rangeרְעִ֖יrə·‘î — Pasture, grazing landH7471 — Full Word Study → oxenבָּקָ֛רbā·qār — cattle, herd, ox, bovine livestockH1241 — Full Word Study →, and a hundredוּמֵ֣אָהū·mê·’āh — hundred; a large complete numberH3967 — Full Word Study → sheepצֹ֑אןṣōn — flock of sheep or goatsH6629 — Full Word Study →, as well asלְ֠בַדlə·ḇaḏ — alone, apart, or bar/poleH905 — Full Word Study → deerמֵֽאַיָּ֤לmê·’ay·yāl — Male deer; hart; stagH354 — Full Word Study →, gazellesוּצְבִי֙ū·ṣə·ḇî — Splendor, beauty, or gazelleH6643 — Full Word Study →, roebucksוְיַחְמ֔וּרwə·yaḥ·mūr — roebuck or roe deerH3180 — Full Word Study →, and fattenedאֲבוּסִֽים׃’ă·ḇū·sîm — to fatten, feed abundantly, stall-feedH75 — Full Word Study → poultryוּבַרְבֻּרִ֖יםū·ḇar·bu·rîm — Fowl, poultry, or domesticated birdsH1257 — Full Word Study →. 24Forכִּי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → Solomon had dominionרֹדֶ֣ה׀rō·ḏeh — To rule, reign, or exercise dominion overH7287 — Full Word Study → over everythingבְּכָל־bə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → westעֵ֣בֶר‘ê·ḇer — side, border, region beyondH5676 — Full Word Study → of the Euphratesהַנָּהָ֗רhan·nā·hār — River, StreamH5104 — Full Word Study →over allבְּכָל־bə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the kingdomsמַלְכֵ֖יmal·ḵê — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → from Tiphsahמִתִּפְסַח֙mit·tip̄·saḥ — A ford or crossing placeH8607 — Full Word Study → toוְעַד־wə·‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → Gazaעַזָּ֔ה‘az·zāh — A coastal cityH5804 — Full Word Study →and he hadהָ֥יָהhā·yāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → peaceוְשָׁל֗וֹםwə·šā·lō·wm — Peace, wholeness, well-being, prosperityH7965 — Full Word Study → on allמִכָּל־mik·kāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → sidesעֲבָרָ֖יו‘ă·ḇā·rāw — side, border, region beyondH5676 — Full Word Study →. 25Throughoutכֹּ֖לkōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the daysיְמֵ֥יyə·mê — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → of Solomonשְׁלֹמֹֽה׃סšə·lō·mōh — His peaceH8010 — Full Word Study →, Judahיְהוּדָ֨הyə·hū·ḏāh — The Lord is praisedH3063 — Full Word Study → and Israelוְיִשְׂרָאֵ֜לwə·yiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study → dweltוַיֵּשֶׁב֩way·yê·šeḇ — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → securelyלָבֶ֗טַחlā·ḇe·ṭaḥ — Security, confidence, trust, or safetyH983 — Full Word Study → from Danמִדָּ֖ןmid·dān — He judgedH1835 — Full Word Study → toוְעַד־wə·‘aḏ- — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → Beershebaשָׁ֑בַעšā·ḇa‘ — Well of the OathH884 — Full Word Study →, each manאִ֣ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → underתַּ֤חַתta·ḥaṯ — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study → his own vineגַּפְנוֹ֙gap̄·nōw — grapevine; vine plantH1612 — Full Word Study → andוְתַ֣חַתwə·ṯa·ḥaṯ — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study → his own fig treeתְּאֵֽנָת֔וֹtə·’ê·nā·ṯōw — Fig tree; fig fruitH8384 — Full Word Study →. 26Solomonלִשְׁלֹמֹ֗הliš·lō·mōh — His peaceH8010 — Full Word Study → hadוַיְהִ֣יway·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → 4,000 stallsאֻרְוֺ֥ת’ur·wōṯ — Livestock stall or pen for animalsH723 — Full Word Study → for his chariotלְמֶרְכָּב֑וֹlə·mer·kā·ḇōw — chariot; riding seat or saddleH4817 — Full Word Study → horsesסוּסִ֖יםsū·sîm — horse; swift creatureH5483 — Full Word Study → and 12,000וּשְׁנֵים־ū·šə·nêm- — The number two; a pair or coupleH8147 — Full Word Study → horsesפָּרָשִֽׁים׃pā·rā·šîm — Horseman; cavalry soldier or mounted warriorH6571 — Full Word Study →. 27Eachאִ֣ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → monthחָדְשׁ֑וֹḥā·ḏə·šōw — A month; lunar period; new moonH2320 — Full Word Study → the governorsהַנִּצָּבִ֨יםhan·niṣ·ṣā·ḇîm — To stand, station, or set up firmlyH5324 — Full Word Study → in turn provided foodוְכִלְכְּלוּ֩wə·ḵil·kə·lū — to sustain, bear, hold up, containH3557 — Full Word Study → for Kingהַמֶּ֣לֶךְham·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → Solomonשְׁלֹמֹ֗הšə·lō·mōh — His peaceH8010 — Full Word Study → and allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → who cameהַקָּרֵ֛בhaq·qā·rêḇ — to draw near, approach, come closeH7131 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → his tableשֻׁלְחַ֥ןšul·ḥan — table, especially for eating or displaying itemsH7979 — Full Word Study →. They saw to it thatיְעַדְּר֖וּyə·‘ad·də·rū — To arrange in rows; to lack or failH5737 — Full Word Study → nothing was lackingלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study →. 28Each oneאִ֖ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → also broughtיָבִ֗אוּyā·ḇi·’ū — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the required placeהַמָּקוֹם֙ham·mā·qō·wm — A place, location, or spaceH4725 — Full Word Study → their quotasכְּמִשְׁפָּטֽוֹ׃סkə·miš·pā·ṭōw — Justice, judgment, or legal decisionH4941 — Full Word Study → of barleyוְהַשְּׂעֹרִ֣יםwə·haś·śə·‘ō·rîm — barley; a cereal grainH8184 — Full Word Study → and strawוְהַתֶּ֔בֶןwə·hat·te·ḇen — straw, chaff, or stubble—dried grain stalksH8401 — Full Word Study → for the chariot horsesוְלָרָ֑כֶשׁwə·lā·rā·ḵeš — swift horse or steedH7409 — Full Word Study → and other horsesלַסּוּסִ֖יםlas·sū·sîm — horse; swift creatureH5483 — Full Word Study →. 29And Godאֱלֹהִ֨ים’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → gaveוַיִּתֵּן֩way·yit·tên — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → Solomonלִשְׁלֹמֹ֛הliš·lō·mōh — His peaceH8010 — Full Word Study → wisdomחָכְמָ֧הḥāḵ·māh — Wisdom; skillful understanding and discernmentH2451 — Full Word Study →, exceedinglyמְאֹ֑דmə·’ōḏ — Much, greatly, very, exceedinglyH3966 — Full Word Study → deepהַרְבֵּ֣הhar·bêh — To increase, multiply, grow abundantH7235 — Full Word Study → insightוּתְבוּנָ֖הū·ṯə·ḇū·nāh — Prudent understanding; discernment and skillH8394 — Full Word Study →, and understandingלֵ֔בlêḇ — Heart; the center of emotion, will, and intellectH3820 — Full Word Study → beyond measureוְרֹ֣חַבwə·rō·ḥaḇ — width, breadth, or expanseH7341 — Full Word Study →, like the sandכַּח֕וֹלka·ḥō·wl — Sand; fine granules of rock or mineral matterH2344 — Full Word Study → onעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the seashoreשְׂפַ֥תśə·p̄aṯ — Lips; edge, border, or shoreH8193 — Full Word Study →. 30Solomon’sשְׁלֹמֹ֔הšə·lō·mōh — His peaceH8010 — Full Word Study → wisdomחָכְמַ֣תḥā·ḵə·maṯ — Wisdom; skillful understanding and discernmentH2451 — Full Word Study → was greater thanוַתֵּ֙רֶב֙wat·tê·reḇ — To increase, multiply, grow abundantH7235 — Full Word Study → that of allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the menבְּנֵי־bə·nê- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of the Eastקֶ֑דֶםqe·ḏem — East; ancient times; beforeH6924 — Full Word Study →, greater than allוּמִכֹּ֖לū·mik·kōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the wisdomחָכְמַ֥תḥā·ḵə·maṯ — Wisdom; skillful understanding and discernmentH2451 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃miṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →. 31He was wiserוַיֶּחְכַּם֮way·yeḥ·kam — to be wise; to act with wisdomH2449 — Full Word Study → than allמִכָּל־mik·kāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → menהָֽאָדָם֒hā·’ā·ḏām — Man, mankind, human beingH120 — Full Word Study →wiser than Ethanמֵאֵיתָ֣ןmê·’ê·ṯān — Strong, firmH387 — Full Word Study → the Ezrahiteהָאֶזְרָחִ֗יhā·’ez·rā·ḥî — A native of EzrahH250 — Full Word Study →, and wiser than Hemanוְהֵימָ֧ןwə·hê·mān — Faithful, SteadfastH1968 — Full Word Study →, Calcolוְכַלְכֹּ֛לwə·ḵal·kōl — A wise man of IsraelH3633 — Full Word Study →, and Dardaוְדַרְדַּ֖עwə·ḏar·da‘ — A wise manH1862 — Full Word Study →, the sonsבְּנֵ֣יbə·nê — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of Maholמָח֑וֹלmā·ḥō·wl — Father of HemanH4235 — Full Word Study →. And his fameשְׁמ֥וֹšə·mōw — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study → spreadוַיְהִֽי־way·hî- — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → throughoutבְכָֽל־ḇə·ḵāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the surroundingסָבִֽיב׃sā·ḇîḇ — around, on all sides, encirclingH5439 — Full Word Study → nationsהַגּוֹיִ֖םhag·gō·w·yim — Nation; a people or ethnic groupH1471 — Full Word Study →. 32Solomon composedוַיְדַבֵּ֕רway·ḏab·bêr — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → threeשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁתšə·lō·šeṯ — The number three; a group of three thingsH7969 — Full Word Study → thousandאֲלָפִ֖ים’ă·lā·p̄îm — A thousand; a large military unit or census numberH505 — Full Word Study → proverbsמָשָׁ֑לmā·šāl — Proverb; a wise saying or parableH4912 — Full Word Study →, and his songsשִׁיר֖וֹšî·rōw — Song; singing; musical compositionH7892 — Full Word Study → numberedוַיְהִ֥יway·hî — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → a thousandוָאָֽלֶף׃wā·’ā·lep̄ — A thousand; a large military unit or census numberH505 — Full Word Study → and fiveחֲמִשָּׁ֥הḥă·miš·šāh — The number five; a set of five unitsH2568 — Full Word Study →. 33He spokeוַיְדַבֵּר֮way·ḏab·bêr — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → ofעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → treesהָֽעֵצִים֒hā·‘ê·ṣîm — Tree; wood; timberH6086 — Full Word Study →, fromמִן־min- — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → the cedarהָאֶ֙רֶז֙hā·’e·rez — cedar tree; cedar woodH730 — Full Word Study → in Lebanonבַּלְּבָנ֔וֹןbal·lə·ḇā·nō·wn — White mountainH3844 — Full Word Study → toוְעַד֙wə·‘aḏ — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → the hyssopהָאֵז֔וֹבhā·’ê·zō·wḇ — A small aromatic shrub used in purification ritualsH231 — Full Word Study → growingיֹצֵ֖אyō·ṣê — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → in the wallבַּקִּ֑ירbaq·qîr — A wall; a barrier or fortificationH7023 — Full Word Study →, and he taughtוַיְדַבֵּר֙way·ḏab·bêr — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → aboutעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → animalsהַבְּהֵמָ֣הhab·bə·hê·māh — Animal, beast, livestockH929 — Full Word Study →, birdsהָע֔וֹףhā·‘ō·wp̄ — birdH5775 — Full Word Study →, reptilesהָרֶ֖מֶשׂhā·re·meś — creeping thing; creature that crawls or moves along the groundH7431 — Full Word Study →, and fishהַדָּגִֽים׃had·dā·ḡîm — Fish; aquatic creatureH1709 — Full Word Study →. 34So men of allמִכָּל־mik·kāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → nationsהָ֣עַמִּ֔יםhā·‘am·mîm — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → cameוַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙way·yā·ḇō·’ū — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → to listenשָׁמְע֖וּšā·mə·‘ū — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → to Solomon’sשְׁלֹמֹ֑הšə·lō·mōh — His peaceH8010 — Full Word Study → wisdomחָכְמָתֽוֹ׃סḥā·ḵə·mā·ṯōw — Wisdom; skillful understanding and discernmentH2451 — Full Word Study →, sent by allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the kingsמַלְכֵ֣יmal·ḵê — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → of the earthהָאָ֔רֶץhā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →, whoאֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → had heardלִשְׁמֹ֕עַliš·mō·a‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → of his wisdomחָכְמַ֣תḥā·ḵə·maṯ — Wisdom; skillful understanding and discernmentH2451 — Full Word Study →.
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Chapter Commentary — 1 Kings 4
Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview

First Kings chapter 4 paints a portrait of Solomon's kingdom at the height of its power and prosperity. Rather than describing military conquests or dramatic events, this chapter reveals the administrative genius and organizational skill by which Solomon ruled. The passage unfolds the structure of his government, the extent of his dominion, the remarkable daily provision required to sustain his household, and—most importantly—the divine wisdom that undergirded it all. This chapter demonstrates that true greatness is not merely about power, but about the wise stewardship of what God entrusts to us.

Verses 1-6: Solomon's Chief Officers

The chapter opens by confirming Solomon's authority: "King Solomon was king over all Israel." What follows is a listing of his principal administrators—Azariah the priest, scribes Elihoreph and Ahiah, military commander Benaiah, and others in key posts. Each officer held strategic responsibility for maintaining order and justice throughout the realm. These were not ceremonial positions; they represented Solomon's delegated authority to execute his vision for the kingdom. Notably, verse 5 describes Zabud as "the king's friend," suggesting that wisdom includes surrounding oneself with trusted, capable counselors. This reminds us that even a divinely gifted leader depends on faithful people in supporting roles.

Verses 7-19: The Twelve Regional Officers

Solomon instituted a system of twelve officers, each responsible for provisions during one month of the year. This rotating administrative structure was both practical and symbolic, mirroring the twelve tribes of Israel. Each officer oversaw a specific region and bore responsibility for supplying the royal household with food and resources. The detailed geographical references—from mount Ephraim to Gilead to Naphtali—underscore how thoroughly Solomon's authority was distributed and how organized his kingdom had become. Notably, two of these officers married Solomon's daughters (verses 11, 15), cementing family bonds through strategic alliances. This administrative system reflects biblical wisdom about wise planning and delegation.

Verses 20-25: Prosperity and Peace

These verses describe the material blessing that characterized Solomon's reign. "Judah and Israel were many, as the sand which is by the sea in multitude, eating and drinking, and making merry." This echoes God's promise to Abraham and demonstrates covenant blessing flowing through the Davidic line. Solomon reigned from the Euphrates to Egypt's border, and vassal kings brought him tribute. Most beautifully, verse 25 captures the security of his rule: "Judah and Israel dwelt safely, every man under his vine and under his fig tree." This image of peaceful prosperity became an Old Testament symbol of God's shalom—a condition where each person enjoys the fruit of their labor without fear. Peace is a fruit of wise governance rooted in God's favor.

Verses 26-28: Daily Provision and Resources

The royal household's daily needs were staggering: thirty measures of fine flour, sixty of meal, ten fat oxen, twenty from pastures, a hundred sheep, plus game and fowl (verse 22-23). Solomon maintained forty thousand horse stalls and twelve thousand horsemen. Yet verse 27 affirms: "they lacked nothing." The officers' systematic provision ensured abundance. This demonstrates that wisdom enables flourishing not through magical provision, but through organization, foresight, and responsibility.

Verses 29-34: Solomon's Incomparable Wisdom

The chapter culminates in testimony to the source of Solomon's greatness: "God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding exceeding much." His wisdom surpassed the sages of Egypt and the East. He composed three thousand proverbs and a thousand songs, and spoke with authority about creation itself—trees, beasts, birds, and fish. People from all nations came to hear him. This reminds us that true achievement flows from God's gift and calling, not from human ambition alone.

Application for Today

Solomon's kingdom illustrates that godly success combines divine blessing with human responsibility. We are called to develop competence, organize wisely, delegate faithfully, and surround ourselves with trustworthy counsel—all as expressions of gratitude for God's gifts. Whether in family, workplace, or church, we serve best when we blend prayer with planning and remember that our effectiveness flows ultimately from Him.

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