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BSB
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Romans 9

BSB·33 verses ·New Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1I speakλέγωlegō — to say, speak, or tellG3004 — Full Word Study → the truth inἐνen — in, on, among, at, by means ofG1722 — Full Word Study → ChristΧριστῷChristō — The Anointed OneG5547 — Full Word Study →; I am not lyingψεύδομαιpseudomai — to speak falsehood; to lie or deceiveG5574 — Full Word Study →, as confirmedσυμμαρτυρούσηςsymmartyrousēs — to testify together with; to bear witness jointlyG4828 — Full Word Study → by myμουmou — I, me; the first-person singular pronounG1473 — Full Word Study → conscienceσυνειδήσεώςsyneidēseōs — Conscience; inner moral awarenessG4893 — Full Word Study → inἐνen — in, on, among, at, by means ofG1722 — Full Word Study → the Holy SpiritΠνεύματιPneumati — Spirit; breath; immaterial nature or beingG4151 — Full Word Study →. 2Iμοίmoi — I, me; the first-person singular pronounG1473 — Full Word Study → haveἐστινestin — to exist, to be, am/is/areG1510 — Full Word Study → deepμεγάληmegalē — Great in size, power, or intensityG3173 — Full Word Study → sorrowλύπηlypē — Deep sorrow, grief, or sadnessG3077 — Full Word Study → andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → unceasingἀδιάλειπτοςadialeiptos — Unceasing, continuous, without interruptionG88 — Full Word Study → anguishὀδύνηodynē — deep pain, anguish, or sorrowG3601 — Full Word Study → inτῇtē — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → myμουmou — I, me; the first-person singular pronounG1473 — Full Word Study → heartκαρδίᾳkardia — heart; center of emotion, will, and moral characterG2588 — Full Word Study →. 3Forγὰρgar — for, because, since (causal/explanatory conjunction)G1063 — Full Word Study → Iἐγὼegō — I, me; the first-person singular pronounG1473 — Full Word Study → could wish thatηὐχόμηνēuchomēn — to pray or wish for earnestlyG2172 — Full Word Study → I myselfαὐτὸςautos — he, she, it, self; third-person pronounG846 — Full Word Study → wereεἶναιeinai — to exist, to be, am/is/areG1510 — Full Word Study → cursedἀνάθεμαanathema — Accursed; set apart for destruction or divine judgmentG331 — Full Word Study → and cut off from ChristΧριστοῦChristou — The Anointed OneG5547 — Full Word Study → for the sake ofὑπὲρhyper — on behalf of, for the sake of, above, beyondG5228 — Full Word Study → myμουmou — I, me; the first-person singular pronounG1473 — Full Word Study → brothersἀδελφῶνadelphōn — brother; male sibling or fellow believerG80 — Full Word Study →, myμουmou — I, me; the first-person singular pronounG1473 — Full Word Study → own flesh and bloodσυγγενῶνsyngenōn — blood relative, kinsman, family memberG4773 — Full Word Study →, 4the people of IsraelἸσραηλῖταιIsraēlitai — An Israelite personG2475 — Full Word Study →. Thehē — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study →irs is the adoption as sonsυἱοθεσίαhuiothesia — legal adoption into a family or householdG5206 — Full Word Study →; thehē — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study →irs the divine gloryδόξαdoxa — Radiant honor, splendor, or divine brightnessG1391 — Full Word Study → andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → theαἱhai — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → covenantsδιαθῆκαιdiathēkai — Covenant; binding agreement or testamentG1242 — Full Word Study →; thehē — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study →irs the giving of the lawνομοθεσίαnomothesia — the giving or enactment of lawG3548 — Full Word Study →, thehē — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → temple worshipλατρείαlatreia — sacred service or worshipG2999 — Full Word Study →, andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → theαἱhai — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → promisesἐπαγγελίαιepangeliai — A solemn declaration or pledge of something to comeG1860 — Full Word Study →. 5Theοἱhoi — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study →irs are the patriarchsπατέρεςpateres — father; male parent; ancestorG3962 — Full Word Study →, andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → fromἐξex — out from, out of, from withinG1537 — Full Word Study → them proceeds the human descent of ChristΧριστὸςChristos — The Anointed OneG5547 — Full Word Study →, whoho — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → isὢνōn — to exist, to be, am/is/areG1510 — Full Word Study → GodΘεὸςTheos — God, the Divine BeingG2316 — Full Word Study → overἐπὶepi — upon, on, over, againstG1909 — Full Word Study → allπάντωνpantōn — all, every, the whole ofG3956 — Full Word Study →, foreverαἰῶναςaiōnas — An age, era, or eternal period of timeG165 — Full Word Study → worthy of praiseεὐλογητὸςeulogētos — blessed, praiseworthy, worthy of praiseG2128 — Full Word Study →! Amenἀμήνamēn — Truly, so be it, affirmation of truthG281 — Full Word Study →. 6It is not as thoughοἷονhoion — of such a kind, what sort ofG3634 — Full Word Study → God’sΘεοῦTheou — God, the Divine BeingG2316 — Full Word Study → wordλόγοςlogos — word, statement, message, divine utteranceG3056 — Full Word Study → has failedἐκπέπτωκενekpeptōken — to fall away, fail, or lose effectG1601 — Full Word Study →. Forγὰρgar — for, because, since (causal/explanatory conjunction)G1063 — Full Word Study → notοὐou — No, not, negation particleG3756 — Full Word Study → allπάντεςpantes — all, every, the whole ofG3956 — Full Word Study → who are descended fromἐξex — out from, out of, from withinG1537 — Full Word Study → IsraelἸσραήλIsraēl — God prevailsG2474 — Full Word Study → are IsraelἸσραήλIsraēl — God prevailsG2474 — Full Word Study →. 7Norοὐδ’oud’ — neither, nor; not evenG3761 — Full Word Study → becauseὅτιhoti — that; because; since; introducing clauses of reason or contentG3754 — Full Word Study → they areεἰσὶνeisin — to exist, to be, am/is/areG1510 — Full Word Study → Abraham’sἈβραάμAbraam — Father of nationsG11 — Full Word Study → descendantsσπέρμαsperma — seed; offspring; descendantG4690 — Full Word Study → are they all his children. On the contraryἀλλ’all’ — but, yet, rather, on the other handG235 — Full Word Study →, “ThroughἘνEn — in, on, among, at, by means ofG1722 — Full Word Study → IsaacἸσαὰκIsaak — He laughs; laughterG2464 — Full Word Study → yourσοιsoi — You (singular or plural pronoun)G4771 — Full Word Study → offspringσπέρμαsperma — seed; offspring; descendantG4690 — Full Word Study → will be reckonedκληθήσεταίklēthēsetai — to call, summon, or nameG2564 — Full Word Study →.” 8Soτοῦτ’tout’ — This one; he, she, it; that person or thingG3778 — Full Word Study → it isἔστινestin — to exist, to be, am/is/areG1510 — Full Word Study → notοὐou — No, not, negation particleG3756 — Full Word Study → theτὰta — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → childrenτέκναtekna — child; offspring; son or daughterG5043 — Full Word Study → of theτῆςtēs — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → fleshσαρκὸςsarkos — flesh, physical body, human natureG4561 — Full Word Study → who are God’sΘεοῦTheou — God, the Divine BeingG2316 — Full Word Study → childrenτέκναtekna — child; offspring; son or daughterG5043 — Full Word Study →, but it is theτὰta — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → childrenτέκναtekna — child; offspring; son or daughterG5043 — Full Word Study → of theτῆςtēs — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → promiseἐπαγγελίαςepangelias — A solemn declaration or pledge of something to comeG1860 — Full Word Study → who are regardedλογίζεταιlogizetai — to reckon, count, or consider as trueG3049 — Full Word Study → asεἰςeis — into, toward, untoG1519 — Full Word Study → offspringσπέρμαsperma — seed; offspring; descendantG4690 — Full Word Study →. 9Forγὰρgar — for, because, since (causal/explanatory conjunction)G1063 — Full Word Study → this is whatho — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → the promise statedλόγοςlogos — word, statement, message, divine utteranceG3056 — Full Word Study →: “AtΚατὰKata — according to, down along, againstG2596 — Full Word Study → theτὸνton — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → appointed timeκαιρὸνkairon — The right or appointed time; a season or opportunityG2540 — Full Word Study → I will returnἐλεύσομαιeleusomai — to come, go, arrive, or appearG2064 — Full Word Study →, andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → SarahΣάρρᾳSarra — Princess, noblewomanG4564 — Full Word Study → will haveἔσταιestai — to exist, to be, am/is/areG1510 — Full Word Study → a sonυἱόςhuios — Son; male child or descendantG5207 — Full Word Study →.” 10NotΟὐOu — No, not, negation particleG3756 — Full Word Study → onlyμόνονmonon — only, alone, solelyG3440 — Full Word Study → thatδέde — thenG1161 — Full Word Study →, butἀλλὰalla — but, yet, rather, on the other handG235 — Full Word Study → Rebecca’s children wereἔχουσαechousa — To have, hold, or possessG2192 — Full Word Study → conceivedκοίτηνkoitēn — bed, sleeping place; marital relationsG2845 — Full Word Study → byἐξex — out from, out of, from withinG1537 — Full Word Study → one man, ourἡμῶνhēmōn — I, me; the first-person singular pronounG1473 — Full Word Study → fatherπατρὸςpatros — father; male parent; ancestorG3962 — Full Word Study → IsaacἸσαὰκIsaak — He laughs; laughterG2464 — Full Word Study →. 11Yetγὰρgar — for, because, since (causal/explanatory conjunction)G1063 — Full Word Study → before the twins were bornγεννηθέντωνgennēthentōn — to beget, bring forth, give birthG1080 — Full Word Study → or had doneπραξάντωνpraxantōn — to do, practice, or perform actionsG4238 — Full Word Study → anythingτιti — a certain one; some; anyone; an indefinite pronounG5100 — Full Word Study → goodἀγαθὸνagathon — good, beneficial, morally excellentG18 — Full Word Study → orē — Or; either...or; conjunction expressing alternativesG2228 — Full Word Study → badφαῦλονphaulon — worthless, evil, baseG5337 — Full Word Study →, in order thatἵναhina — in order that; so that; to the intent thatG2443 — Full Word Study → God’sΘεοῦTheou — God, the Divine BeingG2316 — Full Word Study → planπρόθεσιςprothesis — purpose, plan, intention, or displayG4286 — Full Word Study → ofκατ’kat’ — according to, down along, againstG2596 — Full Word Study → electionἐκλογὴνeklogēn — God's act of choosing or selectionG1589 — Full Word Study → might standμένῃmenē — to remain, stay, abide, endureG3306 — Full Word Study →, 12notοὐκouk — No, not, negation particleG3756 — Full Word Study → byἐξex — out from, out of, from withinG1537 — Full Word Study → worksἔργωνergōn — Work, deed, or action; labor or taskG2041 — Full Word Study → butἀλλ’all’ — but, yet, rather, on the other handG235 — Full Word Study → byἐκek — out from, out of, from withinG1537 — Full Word Study → Him whoτοῦtou — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → callsκαλοῦντοςkalountos — to call, summon, or nameG2564 — Full Word Study →, sheαὐτῇautē — he, she, it, self; third-person pronounG846 — Full Word Study → was toldἐρρέθηerrethē — to say, speak, or declareG2046 — Full Word Study →, “TheHo — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → olderμείζωνmeizōn — Great in size, power, or intensityG3173 — Full Word Study → will serveδουλεύσειdouleusei — to serve as a slave; to be in bondageG1398 — Full Word Study → theτῷtō — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → youngerἐλάσσονιelassoni — lesser, smaller, inferior, youngerG1640 — Full Word Study →.” 13Soκαθὼς*kathōs — just as; in the manner that; according toG2531 — Full Word Study → it is writtenγέγραπταιgegraptai — to write or compose in written formG1125 — Full Word Study →: “JacobἸακὼβIakōb — He grasps the heel; supplanterG2384 — Full Word Study → I lovedἠγάπησαēgapēsa — to love deeply; to cherish with affectionG25 — Full Word Study →, butδὲde — thenG1161 — Full Word Study → EsauἨσαῦĒsau — Esau, Jacob's twin brotherG2269 — Full Word Study → I hatedἐμίσησαemisēsa — to hate, to regard with hostility or disdainG3404 — Full Word Study →.” 14WhatΤίTi — Who? What? Which? (interrogative pronoun)G5101 — Full Word Study → thenοὖνoun — therefore, then, so, thusG3767 — Full Word Study → shall we sayἐροῦμενeroumen — to say, speak, or declareG2046 — Full Word Study →? Is Godθεῷtheō — God, the Divine BeingG2316 — Full Word Study → unjustἀδικίαadikia — Unrighteousness, injustice, moral wrongdoingG93 — Full Word Study →? Certainly notγένοιτοgenoito — to become, come into being, happenG1096 — Full Word Study →! 15Forγὰρgar — for, because, since (causal/explanatory conjunction)G1063 — Full Word Study → He saysλέγειlegei — to say, speak, or tellG3004 — Full Word Study → toτῷtō — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → MosesΜωϋσεῖMōusei — The lawgiver and prophetG3475 — Full Word Study →: “I will have mercy onἘλεήσωEleēsō — to show mercy; to have compassionG1653 — Full Word Study → whomὃνhon — who, which, thatG3739 — Full Word Study → I have mercyἐλεῶeleō — to show mercy; to have compassionG1653 — Full Word Study →, andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → I will have compassion onοἰκτιρήσω*oiktirēsō — to have compassion on; to pityG3627 — Full Word Study → whomὃνhon — who, which, thatG3739 — Full Word Study → I have compassionοἰκτίρω*oiktirō — to have compassion on; to pityG3627 — Full Word Study →.” 16SoἌραAra — therefore, consequently, thenG686 — Full Word Study → thenοὖνoun — therefore, then, so, thusG3767 — Full Word Study →, it does not depend on man’sτοῦtou — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → desireθέλοντοςthelontos — to desire, wish, or will; to be inclined towardG2309 — Full Word Study → or effortτρέχοντοςtrechontos — to run, move swiftlyG5143 — Full Word Study →, butἀλλὰalla — but, yet, rather, on the other handG235 — Full Word Study → onτοῦtou — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → God’sΘεοῦTheou — God, the Divine BeingG2316 — Full Word Study → mercyἐλεῶντοςeleōntos — to show mercy; to have compassionG1653 — Full Word Study →. 17Forγὰρgar — for, because, since (causal/explanatory conjunction)G1063 — Full Word Study → thehē — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → Scriptureγραφὴgraphē — Writing, scripture, sacred textG1124 — Full Word Study → saysλέγειlegei — to say, speak, or tellG3004 — Full Word Study → toτῷtō — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → PharaohΦαραὼPharaō — Egyptian kingG5328 — Full Word Study →: “I raised you upἐξήγειράexēgeira — to raise up, awaken, or rouseG1825 — Full Word Study → forΕἰςEis — into, toward, untoG1519 — Full Word Study → this veryαὐτὸauto — he, she, it, self; third-person pronounG846 — Full Word Study → purpose, thatὅπωςhopōs — in order that, so that, that (purpose or result)G3704 — Full Word Study → I might displayἐνδείξωμαιendeixōmai — to demonstrate, display, or prove publiclyG1731 — Full Word Study → Myμουmou — I, me; the first-person singular pronounG1473 — Full Word Study → powerδύναμίνdynamin — Power, strength, ability, or mighty workG1411 — Full Word Study → inἐνen — in, on, among, at, by means ofG1722 — Full Word Study → youσοὶsoi — You (singular or plural pronoun)G4771 — Full Word Study →, andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → thatὅπωςhopōs — in order that, so that, that (purpose or result)G3704 — Full Word Study → Myμουmou — I, me; the first-person singular pronounG1473 — Full Word Study → nameὄνομάonoma — name, reputation, or authorityG3686 — Full Word Study → might be proclaimedδιαγγελῇdiangelē — To announce or declare publiclyG1229 — Full Word Study → inἐνen — in, on, among, at, by means ofG1722 — Full Word Study → allπάσῃpasē — all, every, the whole ofG3956 — Full Word Study → theτῇtē — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → earthγῇgē — earth, land, ground, worldG1093 — Full Word Study →.” 18Thereforeἄραara — therefore, consequently, thenG686 — Full Word Study → God has mercy on whomὃνhon — who, which, thatG3739 — Full Word Study → He wants to have mercy, andδὲde — thenG1161 — Full Word Study → He hardensσκληρύνειsklērynei — to harden, make stubborn or resistantG4645 — Full Word Study → whomὃνhon — who, which, thatG3739 — Full Word Study → He wants to harden. 19One of you will sayἘρεῖςEreis — to say, speak, or declareG2046 — Full Word Study → to meμοιmoi — I, me; the first-person singular pronounG1473 — Full Word Study →, “Then‹οὖν›oun — therefore, then, so, thusG3767 — Full Word Study → whyΤίTi — Who? What? Which? (interrogative pronoun)G5101 — Full Word Study → does God still find fault? Forγὰρgar — for, because, since (causal/explanatory conjunction)G1063 — Full Word Study → whoτίςtis — Who? What? Which? (interrogative pronoun)G5101 — Full Word Study → can resistἀνθέστηκενanthestēken — to resist, oppose, or stand againstG436 — Full Word Study → Hisαὐτοῦautou — he, she, it, self; third-person pronounG846 — Full Word Study → willβουλήματιboulēmati — deliberate plan, resolved purpose, or willG1013 — Full Word Study →?” 20Butμενοῦνγεmenounge — on the contrary; rather; indeedG3304 — Full Word Study → whoτίςtis — Who? What? Which? (interrogative pronoun)G5101 — Full Word Study → are youεἶei — to exist, to be, am/is/areG1510 — Full Word Study →, Oō — O; oh; exclamation of address or emotionG5599 — Full Word Study → manἄνθρωπεanthrōpe — human being, man, personG444 — Full Word Study →, to talk backἀνταποκρινόμενοςantapokrinomenos — To answer back; to reply or respond in returnG470 — Full Word Study → to GodΘεῷTheō — God, the Divine BeingG2316 — Full Word Study →? Shall whatτὸto — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → is formedπλάσμαplasma — something formed or molded; a created thingG4110 — Full Word Study → sayἐρεῖerei — to say, speak, or declareG2046 — Full Word Study → to Him whoτῷtō — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → formed it, “WhyΤίTi — Who? What? Which? (interrogative pronoun)G5101 — Full Word Study → did You makeἐποίησαςepoiēsas — to do, make, perform, or accomplishG4160 — Full Word Study → meμεme — I, me; the first-person singular pronounG1473 — Full Word Study → like thisοὕτωςhoutōs — in this manner; thus; soG3779 — Full Word Study →?” 21Does not theho — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → potterκεραμεὺςkerameus — potter, one who makes clay vesselsG2763 — Full Word Study → haveἔχειechei — To have, hold, or possessG2192 — Full Word Study → the rightἐξουσίανexousian — authority, power, or right to actG1849 — Full Word Study → to makeποιῆσαιpoiēsai — to do, make, perform, or accomplishG4160 — Full Word Study → fromἐκek — out from, out of, from withinG1537 — Full Word Study → theτοῦtou — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → sameαὐτοῦautou — he, she, it, self; third-person pronounG846 — Full Word Study → lumpφυράματοςphyramatos — lump of dough or clayG5445 — Full Word Study → of clayπηλοῦpēlou — clay; mud; earthen materialG4081 — Full Word Study → oneho — who, which, thatG3739 — Full Word Study → vesselσκεῦοςskeuos — a vessel, container, or instrument for useG4632 — Full Word Study → forεἰςeis — into, toward, untoG1519 — Full Word Study → special occasionsτιμὴνtimēn — honor, respect, or monetary valueG5092 — Full Word Study → andδὲde — thenG1161 — Full Word Study → another forεἰςeis — into, toward, untoG1519 — Full Word Study → common useἀτιμίανatimian — Dishonor, shame, or disgraceG819 — Full Word Study →? 22What ifΕἰEi — if; conditional conjunction introducing hypothetical or contingent circumstancesG1487 — Full Word Study → GodΘεὸςTheos — God, the Divine BeingG2316 — Full Word Study →, intendingθέλωνthelōn — to desire, wish, or will; to be inclined towardG2309 — Full Word Study → to showἐνδείξασθαιendeixasthai — to demonstrate, display, or prove publiclyG1731 — Full Word Study → His wrathὀργὴνorgēn — Divine or human anger; wrathG3709 — Full Word Study → andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → makeγνωρίσαιgnōrisai — to make known, reveal, declareG1107 — Full Word Study → Hisαὐτοῦautou — he, she, it, self; third-person pronounG846 — Full Word Study → power known, boreἤνεγκενēnenken — to bear, carry, bring forthG5342 — Full Word Study → withἐνen — in, on, among, at, by means ofG1722 — Full Word Study → greatπολλῇpollē — much, many, great in quantity or degreeG4183 — Full Word Study → patienceμακροθυμίᾳmakrothymia — Patient endurance; longsuffering forbearanceG3115 — Full Word Study → the vessels of His wrathὀργῆςorgēs — Divine or human anger; wrathG3709 — Full Word Study →, preparedκατηρτισμέναkatērtismena — to complete, perfect, or restore to wholenessG2675 — Full Word Study → forεἰςeis — into, toward, untoG1519 — Full Word Study → destructionἀπώλειανapōleian — utter ruin; total loss or destructionG684 — Full Word Study →? 23What if He did this toἵναhina — in order that; so that; to the intent thatG2443 — Full Word Study → makeγνωρίσῃgnōrisē — to make known, reveal, declareG1107 — Full Word Study → theτὸνton — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → richesπλοῦτονplouton — Material wealth, riches, or abundance of possessionsG4149 — Full Word Study → ofτῆςtēs — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → Hisαὐτοῦautou — he, she, it, self; third-person pronounG846 — Full Word Study → glory known toἐπὶepi — upon, on, over, againstG1909 — Full Word Study → the vessels of His mercy, whomha — who, which, thatG3739 — Full Word Study → He prepared in advanceπροητοίμασενproētoimasen — to prepare beforehand, ordain in advanceG4282 — Full Word Study → forεἰςeis — into, toward, untoG1519 — Full Word Study → gloryδόξανdoxan — Radiant honor, splendor, or divine brightnessG1391 — Full Word Study → 24includingκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → usἡμᾶςhēmas — I, me; the first-person singular pronounG1473 — Full Word Study →, whomοὓςhous — who, which, thatG3739 — Full Word Study → He has calledἐκάλεσενekalesen — to call, summon, or nameG2564 — Full Word Study → notοὐou — No, not, negation particleG3756 — Full Word Study → onlyμόνονmonon — only, alone, solelyG3440 — Full Word Study → fromἐξex — out from, out of, from withinG1537 — Full Word Study → the Jews, butἀλλὰalla — but, yet, rather, on the other handG235 — Full Word Study → alsoκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → fromἐξex — out from, out of, from withinG1537 — Full Word Study → the Gentiles? 25Asὡςhōs — as, like, when, in the manner thatG5613 — Full Word Study → He saysλέγειlegei — to say, speak, or tellG3004 — Full Word Study → inἐνen — in, on, among, at, by means ofG1722 — Full Word Study → HoseaὩσηὲHōsēe — God SavesG5617 — Full Word Study →: “I will call them ‘Myμουmou — I, me; the first-person singular pronounG1473 — Full Word Study → Peopleλαόνlaon — a people; a nation; the common peopleG2992 — Full Word Study →’ who are notοὐou — No, not, negation particleG3756 — Full Word Study → Myμουmou — I, me; the first-person singular pronounG1473 — Full Word Study → peopleλαόνlaon — a people; a nation; the common peopleG2992 — Full Word Study →, and I will call her ‘My Beloved’ who is notοὐκouk — No, not, negation particleG3756 — Full Word Study → My beloved,” 26andΚαὶKai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study →, “It will happen thatἜσταιEstai — to exist, to be, am/is/areG1510 — Full Word Study → inἐνen — in, on, among, at, by means ofG1722 — Full Word Study → theτῷtō — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → very placeτόπῳtopō — A physical or geographical location; a place or regionG5117 — Full Word Study → whereοὗhou — who, which, thatG3739 — Full Word Study → it was saidἐρρέθηerrethē — to say, speak, or declareG2046 — Full Word Study → to themαὐτοῖςautois — he, she, it, self; third-person pronounG846 — Full Word Study →, ‘Youὑμεῖςhymeis — You (singular or plural pronoun)G4771 — Full Word Study → are not Myμουmou — I, me; the first-person singular pronounG1473 — Full Word Study → peopleλαόςlaos — a people; a nation; the common peopleG2992 — Full Word Study →,’ they will be calledκληθήσονταιklēthēsontai — to call, summon, or nameG2564 — Full Word Study →sonsΥἱοὶHuioi — Son; male child or descendantG5207 — Full Word Study → of the living GodΘεοῦTheou — God, the Divine BeingG2316 — Full Word Study →.’” 27IsaiahἨσαΐαςĒsaias — God is salvationG2268 — Full Word Study → cries outκράζειkrazei — to cry out, shout, or call loudlyG2896 — Full Word Study → concerningὑπὲρhyper — on behalf of, for the sake of, above, beyondG5228 — Full Word Study → IsraelἸσραήλIsraēl — God prevailsG2474 — Full Word Study →: “ThoughἘὰνEan — conditional particle; if, whether, in case thatG1437 — Full Word Study → theho — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → numberἀριθμὸςarithmos — Number, numerical quantity, multitudeG706 — Full Word Study → of theτῶνtōn — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → IsraelitesἸσραὴλIsraēl — God prevailsG2474 — Full Word Study → isē — to exist, to be, am/is/areG1510 — Full Word Study → likeὡςhōs — as, like, when, in the manner thatG5613 — Full Word Study → thehē — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → sandἄμμοςammos — sand; granular particles of rockG285 — Full Word Study → of theτῆςtēs — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → seaθαλάσσηςthalassēs — Sea; large body of salt waterG2281 — Full Word Study →, only the remnantὑπόλειμμαhypoleimma — to leave behind, remainG5275 — Full Word Study → will be savedσωθήσεταιsōthēsetai — To save, rescue, or deliver from danger or harmG4982 — Full Word Study →. 28Forγὰρgar — for, because, since (causal/explanatory conjunction)G1063 — Full Word Study → the Lord will carry outποιήσειpoiēsei — to do, make, perform, or accomplishG4160 — Full Word Study → His sentence onἐπὶepi — upon, on, over, againstG1909 — Full Word Study → theτῆςtēs — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → earthγῆςgēs — earth, land, ground, worldG1093 — Full Word Study → thoroughlyσυντελῶνsyntelōn — To complete, finish, or bring to fulfillmentG4931 — Full Word Study → andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → decisivelyσυντέμνωνsyntemnōn — to cut short, shorten, curtailG4932 — Full Word Study →.” 29It is just as IsaiahἨσαΐαςĒsaias — God is salvationG2268 — Full Word Study → foretoldπροείρηκενproeirēken — to announce beforehand, foretell, predict in advanceG4302 — Full Word Study →: “UnlessΕἰEi — if; conditional conjunction introducing hypothetical or contingent circumstancesG1487 — Full Word Study → the Lord of HostsΣαβαὼθSabaōth — Lord of hosts; armies; heavenly forcesG4519 — Full Word Study → had leftἐγκατέλιπενenkatelipen — To abandon or forsake completelyG1459 — Full Word Study → usἡμῖνhēmin — I, me; the first-person singular pronounG1473 — Full Word Study → descendantsσπέρμαsperma — seed; offspring; descendantG4690 — Full Word Study →, we would have becomeἐγενήθημενegenēthēmen — to become, come into being, happenG1096 — Full Word Study → likeὡςhōs — as, like, when, in the manner thatG5613 — Full Word Study → SodomΣόδομαSodoma — Ancient wicked cityG4670 — Full Word Study →, we would have resembledὡμοιώθημενhōmoiōthēmen — to make like, to liken, to resembleG3666 — Full Word Study → GomorrahΓόμορραGomorra — Ancient wicked cityG1116 — Full Word Study →.” 30WhatΤίTi — Who? What? Which? (interrogative pronoun)G5101 — Full Word Study → thenοὖνoun — therefore, then, so, thusG3767 — Full Word Study → will we sayἐροῦμενeroumen — to say, speak, or declareG2046 — Full Word Study →? Thatὅτιhoti — that; because; since; introducing clauses of reason or contentG3754 — Full Word Study → the Gentiles, whoτὰta — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → did not pursueδιώκονταdiōkonta — To pursue, persecute, or press forwardG1377 — Full Word Study → righteousnessδικαιοσύνηνdikaiosynēn — Righteousness; right standing with GodG1343 — Full Word Study →, have obtainedκατέλαβενkatelaben — to seize, grasp, or overtakeG2638 — Full Word Study → it, a righteousnessδικαιοσύνηνdikaiosynēn — Righteousness; right standing with GodG1343 — Full Word Study → that is byἐκek — out from, out of, from withinG1537 — Full Word Study → faithπίστεωςpisteōs — Trust, belief, confidence in GodG4102 — Full Word Study →; 31butδὲde — thenG1161 — Full Word Study → IsraelἸσραὴλIsraēl — God prevailsG2474 — Full Word Study →, who pursuedδιώκωνdiōkōn — To pursue, persecute, or press forwardG1377 — Full Word Study → a lawνόμονnomon — law, rule, or principleG3551 — Full Word Study → of righteousnessδικαιοσύνηςdikaiosynēs — Righteousness; right standing with GodG1343 — Full Word Study →, has not attainedἔφθασενephthasen — to arrive at, reach, attain, or come beforehandG5348 — Full Word Study → it. 32Why notοὐκouk — No, not, negation particleG3756 — Full Word Study →? Because their pursuit was not byἐκek — out from, out of, from withinG1537 — Full Word Study → faithπίστεωςpisteōs — Trust, belief, confidence in GodG4102 — Full Word Study →, butἀλλ’all’ — but, yet, rather, on the other handG235 — Full Word Study → as if it were byἐξex — out from, out of, from withinG1537 — Full Word Study → worksἔργωνergōn — Work, deed, or action; labor or taskG2041 — Full Word Study →. They stumbledπροσέκοψανprosekopsan — to strike against; to stumble; to cause to stumbleG4350 — Full Word Study → over theτῷtō — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → stumblingπροσκόμματοςproskommatos — Stumbling block; obstacle to faithG4348 — Full Word Study → stoneλίθῳlithō — Stone; rock; precious stoneG3037 — Full Word Study →, 33asκαθὼςkathōs — just as; in the manner that; according toG2531 — Full Word Study → it is writtenγέγραπταιgegraptai — to write or compose in written formG1125 — Full Word Study →: “SeeἸδοὺIdou — Look! Behold! See!G2400 — Full Word Study →, I layτίθημιtithēmi — To place, set, or lay downG5087 — Full Word Study → inἐνen — in, on, among, at, by means ofG1722 — Full Word Study → ZionΣιὼνSiōn — The holy mountain of GodG4622 — Full Word Study → a stoneλίθονlithon — Stone; rock; precious stoneG3037 — Full Word Study → of stumblingπροσκόμματοςproskommatos — Stumbling block; obstacle to faithG4348 — Full Word Study → andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → a rockπέτρανpetran — Rock, stone, or cliffG4073 — Full Word Study → of offenseσκανδάλουskandalou — Stumbling block; cause of offense or ruinG4625 — Full Word Study →; andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → the one who believesπιστεύωνpisteuōn — to believe, trust, have faith inG4100 — Full Word Study → inἐπ’ep’ — upon, on, over, againstG1909 — Full Word Study → Himαὐτῷautō — he, she, it, self; third-person pronounG846 — Full Word Study → will never be put to shameκαταισχυνθήσεταιkataischynthēsetai — to shame, disgrace, or put to shame publiclyG2617 — Full Word Study →.”
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Chapter Commentary — Romans 9
Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview

Romans 9 addresses one of Scripture's most profound questions: If God's Word is true and powerful, why has much of Israel rejected Christ? Paul opens with a personal pastoral burden—his deep sorrow over his Jewish kinsmen—and then unfolds God's sovereign purposes in election and salvation. Rather than contradicting the gospel, Paul shows that God's election and mercy have always operated according to His perfect will, not human merit or effort. The chapter establishes that true membership in God's family comes through faith and God's call, not through physical descent alone, and concludes by showing that the Gentiles' faith contrasts sharply with Israel's stumbling over Christ, the stone of stumbling.

Verses 1–5: Paul's Pastoral Burden

Paul begins with a solemn oath, invoking Christ Himself and the witness of the Holy Spirit (v. 1). This emphasis on truthfulness shows the weight of what he is about to say. His heart is broken with "great heaviness and continual sorrow" (v. 2) for his own people according to the flesh. In verses 3–5, Paul lists the incomparable privileges God granted Israel: adoption as His special people, God's glorious presence, the covenants, the law, the temple service, and the promises. Most remarkably, "as concerning the flesh Christ came" from Israel. This is not a passage about indifference; it reflects the pastor's heart—Paul genuinely grieves that those with such privilege have largely rejected their Messiah. The phrase "God blessed for ever. Amen" (v. 5) affirms Christ's deity and Paul's confidence in God's sovereignty even amid this sorrow.

Application: Do we weep over the spiritual lostness of those near us, especially those who have great spiritual privilege yet reject Christ?

Verses 6–12: The Promise, Not Flesh, Defines God's People

Paul now addresses a critical misunderstanding: God's Word has not failed, but God's definition of true Israel differs from ethnic Israel (v. 6). Not all physical descendants of Abraham are the children of God; rather, those born according to promise—not mere fleshly descent—are truly counted as Abraham's seed (vv. 7–8). Paul illustrates this with Isaac: Abraham had other sons, but only Isaac's line carried the promise. Similarly, among Isaac's twins, before either had done good or evil, God chose Jacob and passed over Esau (vv. 10–13). This was not arbitrary; it served "the purpose of God according to election" (v. 11), which operates "not of works, but of him that calleth." God's choice is based on His sovereign calling, not human effort or worthiness.

Application: Salvation belongs to those who trust God's promise, not to those who rely on their own deeds or heritage.

Verses 14–18: God's Righteousness in Mercy and Hardening

Paul anticipates an objection: "Is God unrighteous?" (v. 14). He answers firmly: "God forbid." God explicitly told Moses that mercy flows from God's will, not human striving (v. 15). This principle extends even to Pharaoh: God "raised him up" to demonstrate His power through Pharaoh's very resistance (v. 17). Verse 16 crystallizes the point: salvation rests on God's mercy, not on human willing or running. God hardens whom He will—not unjustly, but in accordance with His righteous purposes (v. 18).

Application: God's sovereign mercy is His prerogative. We cannot bargain with Him or deserve His grace; we can only receive it humbly.

Verses 19–24: The Potter and the Clay

Again, Paul counters complaint (v. 19) with a rebuke (v. 20): Who is the human to argue with God? The potter's parable (vv. 21–23) is not arbitrary cruelty; God uses "vessels of wrath" to display His wrath and power, yet always aimed at glorifying His mercy toward "vessels of mercy" (vv. 22–23). This includes not only Jews but Gentiles called into God's family (v. 24).

Verses 25–33: The Gentile Inclusion and Israel's Stumbling

God's prophets foresaw Gentiles becoming His beloved people (vv. 25–26). Yet only a remnant of Israel will be saved (vv. 27–29). Why? Because Israel pursued righteousness through works of the law rather than faith (vv. 30–32). They stumbled over Christ, the stumbling stone (v. 33), yet whoever believes on Him shall not be ashamed.

Application for Today

Romans 9 invites us to trust God's sovereignty without defensiveness. God's election is real, mysterious, and merciful—not arbitrary. Our calling is to believe in Christ and to share His gospel humbly, knowing that salvation rests entirely on God's grace and our faith in His promise, not on our efforts or heritage.

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