Note: Words are shown in their original Greek order, which differs from English translations. This reflects the emphasis and structure of Scripture as originally written. Click any word to see its full lexicon entry.
1 I commend to you our sister Phoebe, a servant of the church in Cenchrea.
Συνίστημι δὲ ὑμῖν Φοίβην τὴν ἀδελφὴν ἡμῶν οὖσαν καὶ διάκονον τῆς ἐκκλησίας τῆς ἐν Κεγχρεαῖς
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing I commend G4921 Συνίστημι συνιστάω synistáō V-Pres-Act-Ind-Sg-1P now G1161 δὲ δέ dé Conj to you G4771 ὑμῖν σύ sý Pers-Dat-Pl-2P Phoebe G5402 Φοίβην Φοίβη Phoíbē N-Acc-Sg-F the G3588 τὴν ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-F sister G79 ἀδελφὴν ἀδελφή adelphḗ N-Acc-Sg-F of us G1473 ἡμῶν ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Pl-1P being G1510 οὖσαν εἰμί eimí V-Pres-Act-Acc-Sg-F also G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj a servant G1249 διάκονον διάκονος diákonos N-Acc-Sg-F of the G3588 τῆς ὁ ho Art-Gen-Sg-F church G1577 ἐκκλησίας ἐκκλησία ekklēsía N-Gen-Sg-F the G3588 τῆς ὁ ho Art-Gen-Sg-F in G1722 ἐν en Prep Cenchrea G2747 Κεγχρεαῖς Κεγχρεαί Kenchreaí N-Dat-Pl-F
2 Welcome her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the saints, and assist her with anything she may need from you. For she has been a great help to many people, including me.
ἵνα αὐτὴν προσδέξησθε ἐν κυρίῳ ἀξίως τῶν ἁγίων καὶ παραστῆτε αὐτῇ ἐν ᾧ ἂν ὑμῶν χρῄζῃ πράγματι καὶ γὰρ αὐτὴ προστάτις πολλῶν ἐγενήθη καὶ ἐμοῦ αὐτοῦ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing that G2443 ἵνα hína Conj her G846 αὐτὴν αὐτός autós Pers-Acc-Sg-F you may receive G4327 προσδέξησθε προσδέχομαι prosdéchomai V-Aor-Mid-Sub-Pl-2P in [the] G1722 ἐν en Prep Lord G2962 κυρίῳ κύριος kýrios N-Dat-Sg-M worthily G516 ἀξίως axíōs Adv the G3588 τῶν ὁ ho Art-Gen-Pl-M of the saints G40 ἁγίων ἅγιος hágios Adj-Gen-Pl-M and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj you may assist G3936 παραστῆτε παρίστημι parístēmi V-2nd-Act-Sub-Pl-2P her G846 αὐτῇ αὐτός autós Pers-Dat-Sg-F in G1722 ἐν en Prep whatever G3739 ᾧ ὅς hós Rela-Dat-Sg-N maybe G302 ἂν ἄν án Part of you G4771 ὑμῶν σύ sý Pers-Gen-Pl-2P she may need G5535 χρῄζῃ χρῄζω chrḗizō V-Pres-Act-Sub-Sg-3P matter G4229 πράγματι πρᾶγμα prâgma N-Dat-Sg-N Also G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj for G1063 γὰρ γάρ gár Conj she G846 αὐτὴ αὐτός autós Pers-Nom-Sg-F a patroness G4368 προστάτις prostátis N-Nom-Sg-F of many G4183 πολλῶν πολύς polýs Adj-Gen-Pl-M has been G1096 ἐγενήθη γίνομαι gínomai V-2nd-Pass-Ind-Sg-3P and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj of me G1473 ἐμοῦ ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Sg-1P her G846 αὐτοῦ αὐτός autós Pers-Gen-Sg-M
3 Greet Prisca and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus,
Ἀσπάσασθε Πρίσκαν καὶ Ἀκύλαν τοὺς συνεργούς μου ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing do greet G782 Ἀσπάσασθε ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Aor-Mid-Imp-Pl-2P Prisca G4251 Πρίσκαν Πρίσκα Príska N-Acc-Sg-F and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj Aquila G207 Ἀκύλαν Ἀκύλας Akýlas N-Acc-Sg-M the G3588 τοὺς ὁ ho Art-Acc-Pl-M fellow workers G4904 συνεργούς συνεργός synergós Adj-Acc-Pl-M of mine G1473 μου ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Sg-1P in G1722 ἐν en Prep Christ G5547 Χριστῷ Χριστός Christós N-Dat-Sg-M Jesus — G2424 Ἰησοῦ Ἰησοῦς Iēsoûs N-Dat-Sg-M
4 who have risked their lives for me. Not only I but all the churches of the Gentiles are grateful to them.
οἵτινες ὑπὲρ τῆς ψυχῆς μου τὸν ἑαυτῶν τράχηλον ὑπέθηκαν οἷς οὐκ ἐγὼ μόνος εὐχαριστῶ ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ ἐκκλησίαι τῶν ἐθνῶν
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing who G3748 οἵτινες ὅστις hóstis Rela-Nom-Pl-M for G5228 ὑπὲρ ὑπέρ hypér Prep the G3588 τῆς ὁ ho Art-Gen-Sg-F life G5590 ψυχῆς ψυχή psychḗ N-Gen-Sg-F of mine G1473 μου ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Sg-1P for it G3588 τὸν ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-M their own G1438 ἑαυτῶν ἑαυτοῦ heautoû Refl-Gen-Pl-3P-M neck G5137 τράχηλον τράχηλος tráchēlos N-Acc-Sg-M laid down G5294 ὑπέθηκαν ὑποτίθημι hypotíthēmi V-Aor-Act-Ind-Pl-3P whom G3739 οἷς ὅς hós Rela-Dat-Pl-M not G3756 οὐκ οὐ ou Nega I myself G1473 ἐγὼ ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Nom-Sg-1P only G3441 μόνος mónos Adj-Nom-Sg-M thank G2168 εὐχαριστῶ εὐχαριστέω eucharistéō V-Pres-Act-Ind-Sg-1P but G235 ἀλλὰ ἀλλά allá Conj also G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj all G3956 πᾶσαι πᾶς pâs Adj-Nom-Pl-F the G3588 αἱ ὁ ho Art-Nom-Pl-F churches G1577 ἐκκλησίαι ἐκκλησία ekklēsía N-Nom-Pl-F of the G3588 τῶν ὁ ho Art-Gen-Pl-N Gentiles — G1484 ἐθνῶν ἔθνος éthnos N-Gen-Pl-N
5 Greet also the church that meets at their house. Greet my beloved Epenetus, who was the first convert to Christ in the province of Asia.
καὶ τὴν κατ᾽ οἶκον αὐτῶν ἐκκλησίαν ἀσπάσασθε Ἐπαίνετον τὸν ἀγαπητόν μου ὅς ἐστιν ἀπαρχὴ τῆς Ἀσίας εἰς Χριστόν
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj the G3588 τὴν ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-F at G2596 κατ᾽ κατά katá Prep house G3624 οἶκον οἶκος oîkos N-Acc-Sg-M of them G846 αὐτῶν αὐτός autós Pers-Gen-Pl-M assembly G1577 ἐκκλησίαν ἐκκλησία ekklēsía N-Acc-Sg-F do greet G782 ἀσπάσασθε ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Aor-Mid-Imp-Pl-2P Epenetus G1866 Ἐπαίνετον Ἐπαίνετος Epaínetos N-Acc-Sg-M the G3588 τὸν ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-M beloved G27 ἀγαπητόν ἀγαπητός agapētós Adj-Acc-Sg-M of mine G1473 μου ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Sg-1P who G3739 ὅς hós Rela-Nom-Sg-M is G1510 ἐστιν εἰμί eimí V-Pres-Act-Ind-Sg-3P a firstfruit G536 ἀπαρχὴ ἀπαρχή aparchḗ N-Nom-Sg-F the G3588 τῆς ὁ ho Art-Gen-Sg-F of Asia G773 Ἀσίας Ἀσία Asía N-Gen-Sg-F for G1519 εἰς eis Prep Christ G5547 Χριστόν Χριστός Christós N-Acc-Sg-M
6 Greet Mary, who has worked very hard for you.
ἀσπάσασθε Μαρίαν ἥτις πολλὰ ἐκοπίασεν εἰς ὑμᾶς
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing do greet G782 ἀσπάσασθε ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Aor-Mid-Imp-Pl-2P Mary G3137 Μαρίαν Μαρία María N-Acc-Sg-F who G3748 ἥτις ὅστις hóstis Rela-Nom-Sg-F much G4183 πολλὰ πολύς polýs Adj-Acc-Pl-N toiled G2872 ἐκοπίασεν κοπιάω kopiáō V-Aor-Act-Ind-Sg-3P for G1519 εἰς eis Prep thou G4771 ὑμᾶς σύ sý Pers-Acc-Pl-2P
7 Greet Andronicus and Junia, my fellow countrymen and fellow prisoners. They are outstanding among the apostles, and they were in Christ before I was.
ἀσπάσασθε Ἀνδρόνικον καὶ Ἰουνίαν τοὺς συγγενεῖς μου καὶ συναιχμαλώτους μου οἵτινές εἰσιν ἐπίσημοι ἐν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις οἳ καὶ πρὸ ἐμοῦ γέγοναν ἐν Χριστῷ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing do greet G782 ἀσπάσασθε ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Aor-Mid-Imp-Pl-2P Andronicus G408 Ἀνδρόνικον Ἀνδρόνικος Andrónikos N-Acc-Sg-M and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj Junia G2458 Ἰουνίαν Ἰουνιᾶς Iouniâs N-Acc-Sg-F the G3588 τοὺς ὁ ho Art-Acc-Pl-M kinsmen G4773 συγγενεῖς συγγενής syngenḗs Adj-Acc-Pl-M of mine G1473 μου ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Sg-1P and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj fellow prisoners G4869 συναιχμαλώτους συναιχμάλωτος synaichmálōtos N-Acc-Pl-M with me G1473 μου ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Sg-1P who G3748 οἵτινές ὅστις hóstis Rela-Nom-Pl-M are G1510 εἰσιν εἰμί eimí V-Pres-Act-Ind-Pl-3P of note G1978 ἐπίσημοι ἐπίσημος epísēmos Adj-Nom-Pl-M among G1722 ἐν en Prep the G3588 τοῖς ὁ ho Art-Dat-Pl-M apostles G652 ἀποστόλοις ἀπόστολος apóstolos N-Dat-Pl-M who G3739 οἳ ὅς hós Rela-Nom-Pl-M also G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj before G4253 πρὸ πρό pró Prep me G1473 ἐμοῦ ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Sg-1P were G1096 γέγοναν γίνομαι gínomai V-2nd-Act-Ind-Pl-3P in G1722 ἐν en Prep Christ G5547 Χριστῷ Χριστός Christós N-Dat-Sg-M
8 Greet Ampliatus, my beloved in the Lord.
ἀσπάσασθε Ἀμπλιᾶτον τὸν ἀγαπητόν μου ἐν κυρίῳ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing do greet G782 ἀσπάσασθε ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Aor-Mid-Imp-Pl-2P Ampliatus G291 Ἀμπλιᾶτον Ἀμπλίας Amplías N-Acc-Sg-M the G3588 τὸν ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-M beloved G27 ἀγαπητόν ἀγαπητός agapētós Adj-Acc-Sg-M of mine G1473 μου ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Sg-1P in [the] G1722 ἐν en Prep God G2962 κυρίῳ κύριος kýrios N-Dat-Sg-M
9 Greet Urbanus, our fellow worker in Christ, and my beloved Stachys.
ἀσπάσασθε Οὐρβανὸν τὸν συνεργὸν ἡμῶν ἐν Χριστῷ καὶ Στάχυν τὸν ἀγαπητόν μου
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing do greet G782 ἀσπάσασθε ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Aor-Mid-Imp-Pl-2P Urbanus G3773 Οὐρβανὸν Οὐρβανός Ourbanós N-Acc-Sg-M the G3588 τὸν ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-M fellow worker G4904 συνεργὸν συνεργός synergós Adj-Acc-Sg-M of us G1473 ἡμῶν ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Pl-1P in G1722 ἐν en Prep Christ G5547 Χριστῷ Χριστός Christós N-Dat-Sg-M and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj Stachys G4720 Στάχυν Στάχυς Stáchys N-Acc-Sg-M the G3588 τὸν ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-M beloved G27 ἀγαπητόν ἀγαπητός agapētós Adj-Acc-Sg-M I G1473 μου ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Sg-1P
10 Greet Apelles, who is approved in Christ. Greet those who belong to the household of Aristobulus.
ἀσπάσασθε Ἀπελλῆν τὸν δόκιμον ἐν Χριστῷ ἀσπάσασθε τοὺς ἐκ τῶν Ἀριστοβούλου
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing do greet G782 ἀσπάσασθε ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Aor-Mid-Imp-Pl-2P Apelles G559 Ἀπελλῆν Ἀπελλῆς Apellēs N-Acc-Sg-M the G3588 τὸν ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-M approved G1384 δόκιμον δόκιμος dókimos Adj-Acc-Sg-M in G1722 ἐν en Prep Christ G5547 Χριστῷ Χριστός Christós N-Dat-Sg-M do greet G782 ἀσπάσασθε ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Aor-Mid-Imp-Pl-2P those G3588 τοὺς ὁ ho Art-Acc-Pl-M of G1537 ἐκ ek Prep the [household] G3588 τῶν ὁ ho Art-Gen-Pl-M Aristobulus G711 Ἀριστοβούλου Ἀριστόβουλος Aristóboulos N-Gen-Sg-M
11 Greet Herodion, my fellow countryman. Greet those from the household of Narcissus who are in the Lord.
ἀσπάσασθε Ἡρῳδίωνα τὸν συγγενῆ μου ἀσπάσασθε τοὺς ἐκ τῶν Ναρκίσσου τοὺς ὄντας ἐν κυρίῳ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing do greet G782 ἀσπάσασθε ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Aor-Mid-Imp-Pl-2P Herodion G2267 Ἡρῳδίωνα Ἡρωδίων Hērōdíōn N-Acc-Sg-M the G3588 τὸν ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-M cousin G4773 συγγενῆ συγγενής syngenḗs Adj-Acc-Sg-M I G1473 μου ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Sg-1P do greet G782 ἀσπάσασθε ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Aor-Mid-Imp-Pl-2P those G3588 τοὺς ὁ ho Art-Acc-Pl-M of G1537 ἐκ ek Prep the [household] G3588 τῶν ὁ ho Art-Gen-Pl-M of Narcissus G3488 Ναρκίσσου Νάρκισσος Nárkissos N-Gen-Sg-M who G3588 τοὺς ὁ ho Art-Acc-Pl-M are being G1510 ὄντας εἰμί eimí V-Pres-Act-Acc-Pl-M in [the] G1722 ἐν en Prep God G2962 κυρίῳ κύριος kýrios N-Dat-Sg-M
12 Greet Tryphena and Tryphosa, women who have worked hard in the Lord. Greet my beloved Persis, who has worked very hard in the Lord.
ἀσπάσασθε Τρύφαιναν καὶ Τρυφῶσαν τὰς κοπιώσας ἐν κυρίῳ ἀσπάσασθε Περσίδα τὴν ἀγαπητήν ἥτις πολλὰ ἐκοπίασεν ἐν κυρίῳ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing do greet G782 ἀσπάσασθε ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Aor-Mid-Imp-Pl-2P Tryphena G5170 Τρύφαιναν Τρύφαινα Trýphaina N-Acc-Sg-F and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj Tryphosa G5173 Τρυφῶσαν Τρυφῶσα Tryphōsa N-Acc-Sg-F those G3588 τὰς ὁ ho Art-Acc-Pl-F toiling G2872 κοπιώσας κοπιάω kopiáō V-Pres-Act-Acc-Pl-F in [the] G1722 ἐν en Prep Lord G2962 κυρίῳ κύριος kýrios N-Dat-Sg-M do greet G782 ἀσπάσασθε ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Aor-Mid-Imp-Pl-2P Persis G4069 Περσίδα Περσίς Persís N-Acc-Sg-F the G3588 τὴν ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-F beloved G27 ἀγαπητήν ἀγαπητός agapētós Adj-Acc-Sg-F who G3748 ἥτις ὅστις hóstis Rela-Nom-Sg-F much G4183 πολλὰ πολύς polýs Adj-Acc-Pl-N toiled G2872 ἐκοπίασεν κοπιάω kopiáō V-Aor-Act-Ind-Sg-3P in [the] G1722 ἐν en Prep God G2962 κυρίῳ κύριος kýrios N-Dat-Sg-M
13 Greet Rufus, chosen in the Lord, and his mother, who has been a mother to me as well.
ἀσπάσασθε Ῥοῦφον τὸν ἐκλεκτὸν ἐν κυρίῳ καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐμοῦ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing do greet G782 ἀσπάσασθε ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Aor-Mid-Imp-Pl-2P Rufus G4504 Ῥοῦφον Ῥοῦφος Rhoûphos N-Acc-Sg-M the G3588 τὸν ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-M chosen G1588 ἐκλεκτὸν ἐκλεκτός eklektós Adj-Acc-Sg-M in [the] G1722 ἐν en Prep Lord G2962 κυρίῳ κύριος kýrios N-Dat-Sg-M and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj the G3588 τὴν ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-F mother G3384 μητέρα μήτηρ mḗtēr N-Acc-Sg-F of him G846 αὐτοῦ αὐτός autós Pers-Gen-Sg-M and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj I G1473 ἐμοῦ ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Sg-1P
14 Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brothers with them.
ἀσπάσασθε Ἀσύγκριτον Φλέγοντα Ἑρμῆν Πατροβᾶν Ἑρμᾶν καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτοῖς ἀδελφούς
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing do greet G782 ἀσπάσασθε ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Aor-Mid-Imp-Pl-2P Asyncritus G799 Ἀσύγκριτον Ἀσύγκριτος Asýnkritos N-Acc-Sg-M Phlegon G5393 Φλέγοντα Φλέγων Phlégōn N-Acc-Sg-M Hermes G2060 Ἑρμῆν Ἑρμῆς Hermēs N-Acc-Sg-M Patrobas G3969 Πατροβᾶν Πατροβᾶς Patrobâs N-Acc-Sg-M Hermas G2057 Ἑρμᾶν Ἑρμᾶς Hermâs N-Acc-Sg-M and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj the G3588 τοὺς ὁ ho Art-Acc-Pl-M with G4862 σὺν σύν sýn Prep them G846 αὐτοῖς αὐτός autós Pers-Dat-Pl-M brother G80 ἀδελφούς ἀδελφός adelphós N-Acc-Pl-M
15 Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas and all the saints with them.
ἀσπάσασθε Φιλόλογον καὶ Ἰουλίαν Νηρέα καὶ τὴν ἀδελφὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ Ὀλυμπᾶν καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτοῖς πάντας ἁγίους
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing do greet G782 ἀσπάσασθε ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Aor-Mid-Imp-Pl-2P Philologus G5378 Φιλόλογον Φιλόλογος Philólogos N-Acc-Sg-M and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj Julia G2456 Ἰουλίαν Ἰουλία Ioulía N-Acc-Sg-F Nereus G3517 Νηρέα Νηρεύς Nēreús N-Acc-Sg-M and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj the G3588 τὴν ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-F sister G79 ἀδελφὴν ἀδελφή adelphḗ N-Acc-Sg-F of him G846 αὐτοῦ αὐτός autós Pers-Gen-Sg-M and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj Olympas G3652 Ὀλυμπᾶν Ὀλυμπᾶς Olympâs N-Acc-Sg-M and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj the G3588 τοὺς ὁ ho Art-Acc-Pl-M with G4862 σὺν σύν sýn Prep them G846 αὐτοῖς αὐτός autós Pers-Dat-Pl-M all G3956 πάντας πᾶς pâs Adj-Acc-Pl-M holy (one G40 ἁγίους ἅγιος hágios Adj-Acc-Pl-M
16 Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ send you greetings.
ἀσπάσασθε ἀλλήλους ἐν φιλήματι ἁγίῳ ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς αἱ ἐκκλησίαι πᾶσαι τοῦ Χριστοῦ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing do greet G782 ἀσπάσασθε ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Aor-Mid-Imp-Pl-2P one another G240 ἀλλήλους ἀλλήλων allḗlōn Reci-Acc-Pl-M with G1722 ἐν en Prep a kiss G5370 φιλήματι φίλημα phílēma N-Dat-Sg-N holy (one G40 ἁγίῳ ἅγιος hágios Adj-Dat-Sg-N Greet G782 ἀσπάζονται ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Pres-Mid-Ind-Pl-3P you G4771 ὑμᾶς σύ sý Pers-Acc-Pl-2P the G3588 αἱ ὁ ho Art-Nom-Pl-F churches G1577 ἐκκλησίαι ἐκκλησία ekklēsía N-Nom-Pl-F all G3956 πᾶσαι πᾶς pâs Adj-Nom-Pl-F the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho Art-Gen-Sg-M Christ G5547 Χριστοῦ Χριστός Christós N-Gen-Sg-M
17 Now I urge you, brothers, to watch out for those who create divisions and obstacles that are contrary to the teaching you have learned. Turn away from them.
Παρακαλῶ δὲ ὑμᾶς ἀδελφοί σκοπεῖν τοὺς τὰς διχοστασίας καὶ τὰ σκάνδαλα παρὰ τὴν διδαχὴν ἣν ὑμεῖς ἐμάθετε ποιοῦντας καὶ ἐκκλίνετε ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing I exhort G3870 Παρακαλῶ παρακαλέω parakaléō V-Pres-Act-Ind-Sg-1P now G1161 δὲ δέ dé Conj you G4771 ὑμᾶς σύ sý Pers-Acc-Pl-2P brothers G80 ἀδελφοί ἀδελφός adelphós N-Voc-Pl-M to watch out for G4648 σκοπεῖν σκοπέω skopéō V-Pres-Act those G3588 τοὺς ὁ ho Art-Acc-Pl-M the G3588 τὰς ὁ ho Art-Acc-Pl-F divisions G1370 διχοστασίας διχοστασία dichostasía N-Acc-Pl-F and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj the G3588 τὰ ὁ ho Art-Acc-Pl-N obstacles G4625 σκάνδαλα σκάνδαλον skándalon N-Acc-Pl-N contrary to G3844 παρὰ παρά pará Prep the G3588 τὴν ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-F teaching G1322 διδαχὴν διδαχή didachḗ N-Acc-Sg-F that G3739 ἣν ὅς hós Rela-Acc-Sg-F you yourselves G4771 ὑμεῖς σύ sý Pers-Nom-Pl-2P have learned G3129 ἐμάθετε μανθάνω manthánō V-2nd-Act-Ind-Pl-2P causing G4160 ποιοῦντας ποιέω poiéō V-Pres-Act-Acc-Pl-M and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj do turn away G1578 ἐκκλίνετε ἐκκλίνω ekklínō V-Pres-Act-Imp-Pl-2P from G575 ἀπ᾽ ἀπό apó Prep them G846 αὐτῶν αὐτός autós Pers-Gen-Pl-M
18 For such people are not serving our Lord Christ, but their own appetites. By smooth talk and flattery they deceive the hearts of the naive.
οἱ γὰρ τοιοῦτοι τῷ κυρίῳ ἡμῶν Χριστῷ οὐ δουλεύουσιν ἀλλὰ τῇ ἑαυτῶν κοιλίᾳ καὶ διὰ τῆς χρηστολογίας καὶ εὐλογίας ἐξαπατῶσιν τὰς καρδίας τῶν ἀκάκων
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing the G3588 οἱ ὁ ho Art-Nom-Pl-M For G1063 γὰρ γάρ gár Conj such G5108 τοιοῦτοι τοιοῦτος toioûtos Demo-Nom-Pl-M the G3588 τῷ ὁ ho Art-Dat-Sg-M Lord G2962 κυρίῳ κύριος kýrios N-Dat-Sg-M of us G1473 ἡμῶν ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Pl-1P Christ G5547 Χριστῷ Χριστός Christós N-Dat-Sg-M not G3756 οὐ ou Nega serve G1398 δουλεύουσιν δουλεύω douleúō V-Pres-Act-Ind-Pl-3P but G235 ἀλλὰ ἀλλά allá Conj the G3588 τῇ ὁ ho Art-Dat-Sg-F their own G1438 ἑαυτῶν ἑαυτοῦ heautoû Refl-Gen-Pl-3P-M belly G2836 κοιλίᾳ κοιλία koilía N-Dat-Sg-F and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj through G1223 διὰ διά diá Prep the G3588 τῆς ὁ ho Art-Gen-Sg-F smooth talk G5542 χρηστολογίας χρηστολογία chrēstología N-Gen-Sg-F and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj flattery G2129 εὐλογίας εὐλογία eulogía N-Gen-Sg-F they deceive G1818 ἐξαπατῶσιν ἐξαπατάω exapatáō V-Pres-Act-Ind-Pl-3P the G3588 τὰς ὁ ho Art-Acc-Pl-F hearts G2588 καρδίας καρδία kardía N-Acc-Pl-F of the G3588 τῶν ὁ ho Art-Gen-Pl-M naive G172 ἀκάκων ἄκακος ákakos Adj-Gen-Pl-M
19 Everyone has heard about your obedience, so I rejoice over you. But I want you to be wise about what is good and innocent about what is evil.
ἡ γὰρ ὑμῶν ὑπακοὴ εἰς πάντας ἀφίκετο ἐφ᾽ ὑμῖν οὖν χαίρω θέλω δὲ ὑμᾶς σοφοὺς εἶναι εἰς τὸ ἀγαθόν ἀκεραίους δὲ εἰς τὸ κακόν
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing The G3588 ἡ ὁ ho Art-Nom-Sg-F for G1063 γὰρ γάρ gár Conj of you G4771 ὑμῶν σύ sý Pers-Gen-Pl-2P obedience G5218 ὑπακοὴ ὑπακοή hypakoḗ N-Nom-Sg-F to G1519 εἰς eis Prep all G3956 πάντας πᾶς pâs Adj-Acc-Pl-M has reached G864 ἀφίκετο ἀφικνέομαι aphiknéomai V-2nd-Mid-Ind-Sg-3P Over G1909 ἐφ᾽ ἐπί epí Prep you G4771 ὑμῖν σύ sý Pers-Dat-Pl-2P therefore G3767 οὖν oûn Conj I rejoice G5463 χαίρω chaírō V-Pres-Act-Ind-Sg-1P I wish G2309 θέλω thélō V-Pres-Act-Ind-Sg-1P however G1161 δὲ δέ dé Conj you G4771 ὑμᾶς σύ sý Pers-Acc-Pl-2P wise G4680 σοφοὺς σοφός sophós Adj-Acc-Pl-M to be G1510 εἶναι εἰμί eimí V-Pres-Act to G1519 εἰς eis Prep the G3588 τὸ ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-N good G18 ἀγαθόν ἀγαθός agathós Adj-Acc-Sg-N innocent G185 ἀκεραίους ἀκέραιος akéraios Adj-Acc-Pl-M however G1161 δὲ δέ dé Conj to G1519 εἰς eis Prep the G3588 τὸ ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-N evil G2556 κακόν κακός kakós Adj-Acc-Sg-N
20 The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you.
ὁ δὲ θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης συντρίψει τὸν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας ὑμῶν ἐν τάχει Ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ μεθ᾽ ὑμῶν
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing The G3588 ὁ ho Art-Nom-Sg-M now G1161 δὲ δέ dé Conj God G2316 θεὸς θεός theós N-Nom-Sg-M the G3588 τῆς ὁ ho Art-Gen-Sg-F of peace G1515 εἰρήνης εἰρήνη eirḗnē N-Gen-Sg-F will crush G4937 συντρίψει συντρίβω syntríbō V-Fut-Act-Ind-Sg-3P the G3588 τὸν ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-M under G5259 ὑπὸ ὑπό hypó Prep the G3588 τοὺς ὁ ho Art-Acc-Pl-M feet G4228 πόδας πούς poús N-Acc-Pl-M of you G4771 ὑμῶν σύ sý Pers-Gen-Pl-2P with G1722 ἐν en Prep speed G5034 τάχει τάχος táchos N-Dat-Sg-N The G3588 Ἡ ὁ ho Art-Nom-Sg-F grace G5485 χάρις cháris N-Nom-Sg-F of the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho Art-Gen-Sg-M Lord G2962 κυρίου κύριος kýrios N-Gen-Sg-M of us G1473 ἡμῶν ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Pl-1P Jesus G2424 Ἰησοῦ Ἰησοῦς Iēsoûs N-Gen-Sg-M [be] with G3326 μεθ᾽ μετά metá Prep thou G4771 ὑμῶν σύ sý Pers-Gen-Pl-2P
21 Timothy, my fellow worker, sends you greetings, as do Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater, my fellow countrymen.
Ἀσπάζεται ὑμᾶς Τιμόθεος ὁ συνεργός μου καὶ Λούκιος καὶ Ἰάσων καὶ Σωσίπατρος οἱ συγγενεῖς μου
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing Greets G782 Ἀσπάζεται ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Pres-Mid-Ind-Sg-3P you G4771 ὑμᾶς σύ sý Pers-Acc-Pl-2P Timothy G5095 Τιμόθεος Timótheos N-Nom-Sg-M the G3588 ὁ ho Art-Nom-Sg-M fellow worker G4904 συνεργός synergós Adj-Nom-Sg-M of mine G1473 μου ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Sg-1P also G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj Lucius G3066 Λούκιος Loúkios N-Nom-Sg-M and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj Jason G2394 Ἰάσων Iásōn N-Nom-Sg-M and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj Sosipater G4989 Σωσίπατρος Sōsípatros N-Nom-Sg-M the G3588 οἱ ὁ ho Art-Nom-Pl-M kinsmen G4773 συγγενεῖς συγγενής syngenḗs Adj-Nom-Pl-M I G1473 μου ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Sg-1P
22 I, Tertius, who wrote down this letter, greet you in the Lord.
ἀσπάζομαι ὑμᾶς ἐγὼ Τέρτιος ὁ γράψας τὴν ἐπιστολὴν ἐν κυρίῳ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing Greet G782 ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Pres-Mid-Ind-Sg-1P you G4771 ὑμᾶς σύ sý Pers-Acc-Pl-2P I myself G1473 ἐγὼ ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Nom-Sg-1P Tertius G5060 Τέρτιος Tértios N-Nom-Sg-M the [one] G3588 ὁ ho Art-Nom-Sg-M having written down G1125 γράψας γράφω gráphō V-Aor-Act-Nom-Sg-M this G3588 τὴν ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-F letter G1992 ἐπιστολὴν ἐπιστολή epistolḗ N-Acc-Sg-F in [the] G1722 ἐν en Prep God G2962 κυρίῳ κύριος kýrios N-Dat-Sg-M
23 Gaius, who has hosted me and all the church, sends you greetings. Erastus, the city treasurer, sends you greetings, as does our brother Quartus.
ἀσπάζεται ὑμᾶς Γάϊος ὁ ξένος μου καὶ ὅλης τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἀσπάζεται ὑμᾶς Ἔραστος ὁ οἰκονόμος τῆς πόλεως καὶ Κούαρτος ὁ ἀδελφός
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing Greets G782 ἀσπάζεται ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Pres-Mid-Ind-Sg-3P you G4771 ὑμᾶς σύ sý Pers-Acc-Pl-2P Gaius G1050 Γάϊος Gáïos N-Nom-Sg-M the G3588 ὁ ho Art-Nom-Sg-M host G3581 ξένος xénos Adj-Nom-Sg-M of mine G1473 μου ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Sg-1P and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj of all G3650 ὅλης ὅλος hólos Adj-Gen-Sg-F the G3588 τῆς ὁ ho Art-Gen-Sg-F assembly G1577 ἐκκλησίας ἐκκλησία ekklēsía N-Gen-Sg-F Greets G782 ἀσπάζεται ἀσπάζομαι aspázomai V-Pres-Mid-Ind-Sg-3P you G4771 ὑμᾶς σύ sý Pers-Acc-Pl-2P Erastus G2037 Ἔραστος Érastos N-Nom-Sg-M the G3588 ὁ ho Art-Nom-Sg-M steward G3623 οἰκονόμος oikonómos N-Nom-Sg-M of the G3588 τῆς ὁ ho Art-Gen-Sg-F city G4172 πόλεως πόλις pólis N-Gen-Sg-F and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj Quartus G2890 Κούαρτος Koúartos N-Nom-Sg-M the G3588 ὁ ho Art-Nom-Sg-M brother G80 ἀδελφός adelphós N-Nom-Sg-M
24
25 Now to Him who is able to strengthen you by my gospel and by the proclamation of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery concealed for ages past
Τῷ δὲ δυναμένῳ ὑμᾶς στηρίξαι κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου καὶ τὸ κήρυγμα Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ κατὰ ἀποκάλυψιν μυστηρίου χρόνοις αἰωνίοις σεσιγημένου
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing the G3588 Τῷ ὁ ho Art-Dat-Sg-M also G1161 δὲ δέ dé Conj be able G1410 δυναμένῳ δύναμαι dýnamai V-Pres-Mid-Dat-Sg-M thou G4771 ὑμᾶς σύ sý Pers-Acc-Pl-2P fix G4741 στηρίξαι στηρίζω stērízō V-Aor-Act about G2596 κατὰ κατά katá Prep the G3588 τὸ ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-N gospel G2098 εὐαγγέλιόν εὐαγγέλιον euangélion N-Acc-Sg-N I G1473 μου ἐγώ egṓ Pers-Gen-Sg-1P and G2532 καὶ καί kaí Conj the G3588 τὸ ὁ ho Art-Acc-Sg-N preaching G2782 κήρυγμα kḗrygma N-Acc-Sg-N Jesus G2424 Ἰησοῦ Ἰησοῦς Iēsoûs N-Gen-Sg-M Christ G5547 Χριστοῦ Χριστός Christós N-Gen-Sg-M about G2596 κατὰ κατά katá Prep appearing G602 ἀποκάλυψιν ἀποκάλυψις apokálypsis N-Acc-Sg-F mystery G3466 μυστηρίου μυστήριον mystḗrion N-Gen-Sg-N + years old G5550 χρόνοις χρόνος chrónos N-Dat-Pl-M eternal G166 αἰωνίοις αἰώνιος aiṓnios Adj-Dat-Pl-M keep close (secret G4601 σεσιγημένου σιγάω sigáō V-Perf-Pass-Gen-Sg-N
26 but now revealed and made known through the writings of the prophets by the command of the eternal God, in order to lead all nations to the obedience that comes from faith—
φανερωθέντος δὲ νῦν διά τε γραφῶν προφητικῶν κατ᾽ ἐπιταγὴν τοῦ αἰωνίου θεοῦ εἰς ὑπακοὴν πίστεως εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη γνωρισθέντος
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing appear G5319 φανερωθέντος φανερόω phaneróō V-Aor-Pass-Gen-Sg-M also G1161 δὲ δέ dé Conj henceforth G3568 νῦν nŷn Adv after G1223 διά diá Prep also G5037 τε τέ té Conj scripture G1124 γραφῶν γραφή graphḗ N-Gen-Pl-F of prophecy G4397 προφητικῶν προφητικός prophētikós Adj-Gen-Pl-F about G2596 κατ᾽ κατά katá Prep authority G2003 ἐπιταγὴν ἐπιταγή epitagḗ N-Acc-Sg-F the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho Art-Gen-Sg-M eternal G166 αἰωνίου αἰώνιος aiṓnios Adj-Gen-Sg-M X exceeding G2316 θεοῦ θεός theós N-Gen-Sg-M ly G1519 εἰς eis Prep obedience G5218 ὑπακοὴν ὑπακοή hypakoḗ N-Acc-Sg-F assurance G4102 πίστεως πίστις pístis N-Gen-Sg-F ly G1519 εἰς eis Prep all (manner of G3956 πάντα πᾶς pâs Adj-Acc-Pl-N the G3588 τὰ ὁ ho Art-Acc-Pl-N Gentile G1484 ἔθνη ἔθνος éthnos N-Acc-Pl-N certify G1107 γνωρισθέντος γνωρίζω gnōrízō V-Aor-Pass-Gen-Sg-N
27 to the only wise God be glory forever through Jesus Christ! Amen.
μόνῳ σοφῷ θεῷ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας ἀμήν
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing alone G3441 μόνῳ μόνος mónos Adj-Dat-Sg-M wise G4680 σοφῷ σοφός sophós Adj-Dat-Sg-M X exceeding G2316 θεῷ θεός theós N-Dat-Sg-M after G1223 διὰ διά diá Prep Jesus G2424 Ἰησοῦ Ἰησοῦς Iēsoûs N-Gen-Sg-M Christ G5547 Χριστοῦ Χριστός Christós N-Gen-Sg-M one G3739 ᾧ ὅς hós Rela-Dat-Sg-M the G3588 ἡ ὁ ho Art-Nom-Sg-F dignity G1391 δόξα dóxa N-Nom-Sg-F ly G1519 εἰς eis Prep the G3588 τοὺς ὁ ho Art-Acc-Pl-M age G165 αἰῶνας αἰών aiṓn N-Acc-Pl-M amen G281 ἀμήν amḗn HEB
Study Notes — Romans 16
6 sectionsRomans 16 concludes Paul's greatest doctrinal epistle with a warm and intensely personal closing. After establishing the theological foundation of justification by faith, Paul shifts to the relational and practical outworking of the gospel in the Roman church and beyond. This chapter reveals that Paul's heart is deeply invested in real people—naming nearly thirty individuals by name, commending their service, and demonstrating that authentic Christian faith always finds expression in genuine Christian community and mutual care.
Paul begins by commending Phoebe, a deacon of the church at Cenchrea (the port of Corinth). The term "servant" (Greek: diakonos) indicates formal ministry—she held a recognized office in her local congregation. Paul urges the Romans to receive her "in the Lord" and to assist her in whatever need she has. Significantly, he notes that she has been "a succourer of many," including Paul himself. This establishes her credibility: she is proven in service and worthy of the church's hospitality and support.
Priscilla and Aquila (vv. 3–4) were tent-makers who became Paul's closest colleagues. The phrase "laid down their own necks" suggests they risked their lives for Paul's safety. Their willingness to host a church in their home (v. 5) demonstrates that Christian ministry happens not only in formal settings but also through hospitality and hospitality.
Application: How do we honor those who serve the church faithfully? Paul models both public recognition and practical support. Every congregation needs members willing to open their homes and share their resources for kingdom work.
Paul greets Mary (v. 6), who labored greatly; Epaenetus (v. 5), the first convert in Achaia; Andronicus and Junia (v. 7), Jewish believers who were in Christ before Paul and were imprisoned with him; and Amplias, Urbane, and Stachys (vv. 8–9). Each name carries a personal commendation—"beloved," "approved," "helper." Tryphena, Tryphosa, and Persis (v. 12) are especially noted for their labor in the Lord. Though we know little about most of these individuals, Paul's detailed remembrance honors them and teaches us that no faithful service goes unnoticed by our Lord.
Application: The Christian life is not a solitary journey. We are part of a vast network of believers across time and geography. Taking time to remember and honor those who labor in ministry strengthens the body of Christ.
Paul mentions Rufus (v. 13) and his mother, whom he calls his own mother—indicating the deep family bonds forged in Christ. Verses 14–15 name more house churches and small groups within the Roman congregation. The command to "salute one another with an holy kiss" (v. 16) was a common greeting of Christian affection and fellowship, signifying genuine peace and unity in the body.
Paul shifts tone to address false teachers who cause "divisions and offences contrary to the doctrine which ye have learned." These deceivers use "good words and fair speeches" to seduce the unwary. Their true allegiance is not to Christ but to "their own belly"—selfish ambition and comfort. Paul calls believers to be "wise unto that which is good, and simple concerning evil"—discerning truth from deception. Yet he assures them: "The God of peace shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly." Ultimate victory belongs to Christ.
Paul's companions send greetings, including Tertius, who physically wrote the epistle. The letter concludes with a magnificent doxology ascribing glory to God "only wise" through Christ forever, tying the closing to the great theme of the gospel's universal revelation to all nations.
Romans 16 reminds us that evangelical faith is always incarnational and relational. We are called to know the people in our churches by name, to honor their service, to offer practical hospitality, to guard against false teaching, and to celebrate our shared identity in Christ. Community is not a luxury add-on to Christianity; it is central to how the gospel bears fruit in the world.