TG
Everything TrueGospel offers, in one place.

Study

Bible Reader Scripture Search Word Study & Lexicon Bible Study Builder Reading Plans Verse Chains

Reference

The Reference Library Topical Index

Learn

True Gospel Institute

Grow & Share

Blog Q&A Sermon Notes Bible Studies Podcast

Community

Community Student Dashboard

About

About Us Support Us Contact Log In Create Free Account
BSB
← Prev Next →

Hosea 12

BSB·14 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1Ephraimאֶפְרַ֜יִם’ep̄·ra·yim — Double fruitfulnessH669 — Full Word Study → chases the windר֙וּחַ֙rū·aḥ — Spirit, breath, wind, or inner dispositionH7307 — Full Word Study → and pursuesוְרֹדֵ֣ףwə·rō·ḏêp̄ — to pursue, chase, or persecuteH7291 — Full Word Study → the east windקָדִ֔יםqā·ḏîm — east; eastward; east windH6921 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → day longהַיּ֕וֹםhay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study →; he multipliesיַרְבֶּ֑הyar·beh — To increase, multiply, grow abundantH7235 — Full Word Study → liesכָּזָ֥בkā·zāḇ — Lie, falsehood, deceptionH3577 — Full Word Study → and violenceוָשֹׁ֖דwā·šōḏ — Violence, destruction, or ruinH7701 — Full Word Study →; he makesיִכְרֹ֔תוּyiḵ·rō·ṯū — To cut; to make a covenantH3772 — Full Word Study → a covenantוּבְרִית֙ū·ḇə·rîṯ — A binding agreement or covenant between partiesH1285 — Full Word Study → withעִם־‘im- — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → Assyriaאַשּׁ֣וּר’aš·šūr — Assyria, ancient empireH804 — Full Word Study → and sendsיוּבָֽל׃yū·ḇāl — to lead, conduct, or carry forthH2986 — Full Word Study → olive oilוְשֶׁ֖מֶןwə·še·men — Oil; ointment; fat; luxuryH8081 — Full Word Study → to Egyptלְמִצְרַ֥יִםlə·miṣ·ra·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →. 2The LORDלַֽיהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → also brings a charge againstעִם־‘im- — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → Judahיְהוּדָ֑הyə·hū·ḏāh — The Lord is praisedH3063 — Full Word Study →. He will punishוְלִפְקֹ֤דwə·lip̄·qōḏ — to visit, oversee, appoint, care forH6485 — Full Word Study → Jacobיַעֲקֹב֙ya·‘ă·qōḇ — He grasps the heelH3290 — Full Word Study → according to his waysכִּדְרָכָ֔יוkiḏ·rā·ḵāw — way, path, journey, conductH1870 — Full Word Study → and repayיָשִׁ֥יבyā·šîḇ — to turn back, return, restoreH7725 — Full Word Study → him according to his deedsכְּמַעֲלָלָ֖יוkə·ma·‘ă·lā·lāw — deed, work, or actionH4611 — Full Word Study →. 3In the wombבַּבֶּ֖טֶןbab·be·ṭen — belly; womb; interior of the bodyH990 — Full Word Study → he grasped his brother’sאָחִ֑יו’ā·ḥîw — Male sibling; brother; kinsmanH251 — Full Word Study → heelעָקַ֣ב‘ā·qaḇ — to seize by the heel; to supplant or deceiveH6117 — Full Word Study →, and in his vigorוּבְאוֹנ֖וֹū·ḇə·’ō·w·nōw — Strength, power, or productive abilityH202 — Full Word Study → he wrestledשָׂרָ֥הśā·rāh — to strive, contend, or struggle; to have power as a princeH8280 — Full Word Study → withאֶת־’eṯ- — with, together with, againstH854 — Full Word Study → Godאֱלֹהִֽים׃’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →. 4Yes, he struggledוָיָּ֤שַׂרwāy·yā·śar — To reign, rule, or exercise sovereign powerH7786 — Full Word Study → withאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the angelמַלְאָךְ֙mal·’āḵ — messenger; angel; envoyH4397 — Full Word Study → and prevailedוַיֻּכָ֔לway·yu·ḵāl — to be able, have power, endureH3201 — Full Word Study →; he weptבָּכָ֖הbā·ḵāh — to weep, cry, shed tearsH1058 — Full Word Study → and sought His favorוַיִּתְחַנֶּן־way·yiṯ·ḥan·nen- — To show favor, mercy, or compassion; to be graciousH2603 — Full Word Study →; he found Himיִמְצָאֶ֔נּוּyim·ṣā·’en·nū — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study → at Bethelאֵל֙’êl — House of GodH1008 — Full Word Study → and spokeיְדַבֵּ֥רyə·ḏab·bêr — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → with Himעִמָּֽנוּ׃‘im·mā·nū — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → thereוְשָׁ֖םwə·šām — There, in that placeH8033 — Full Word Study → 5the LORDוַֽיהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → is the Godאֱלֹהֵ֣י’ĕ·lō·hê — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → of Hostsהַצְּבָא֑וֹתhaṣ·ṣə·ḇā·’ō·wṯ — army, host, or organized military forceH6635 — Full Word Study →the LORDיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → is His name of renownזִכְרֽוֹ׃ziḵ·rōw — memorial, remembrance, or fragrant nameH2143 — Full Word Study →. 6But youוְאַתָּ֖הwə·’at·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → must returnתָשׁ֑וּבṯā·šūḇ — to turn back, return, restoreH7725 — Full Word Study → to your Godבֵּאלֹהֶ֣יךָbê·lō·he·ḵā — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →, maintainשְׁמֹ֔רšə·mōr — To guard, keep, observe, preserveH8104 — Full Word Study →ing loveחֶ֤סֶדḥe·seḏ — Covenant loyalty and steadfast kindnessH2617 — Full Word Study → and justiceוּמִשְׁפָּט֙ū·miš·pāṭ — Justice, judgment, or legal decisionH4941 — Full Word Study →, and alwaysתָּמִֽיד׃tā·mîḏ — continually, perpetually, alwaysH8548 — Full Word Study → waitוְקַוֵּ֥הwə·qaw·wêh — To wait for; to expect with hopeH6960 — Full Word Study →ing onאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → your Godאֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →. 7A merchantכְּנַ֗עַןkə·na·‘an — Canaan; the promised land; merchant activityH3667 — Full Word Study → lovesאָהֵֽב׃’ā·hêḇ — To love; affection, attachment, or preferenceH157 — Full Word Study → to defraudלַעֲשֹׁ֥קla·‘ă·šōq — To oppress, defraud, or exploitH6231 — Full Word Study → with dishonestמִרְמָ֖הmir·māh — deceit, treachery, or cunning deceptionH4820 — Full Word Study → scalesמֹאזְנֵ֥יmō·zə·nê — scales, balance, or balances for weighingH3976 — Full Word Study → in his handsבְּיָד֛וֹbə·yā·ḏōw — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study →. 8And Ephraimאֶפְרַ֔יִם’ep̄·ra·yim — Double fruitfulnessH669 — Full Word Study → boastsוַיֹּ֣אמֶרway·yō·mer — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →: “How rich I have becomeעָשַׁ֔רְתִּי‘ā·šar·tî — to become or make rich; to enrichH6238 — Full Word Study →! I have foundמָצָ֥אתִיmā·ṣā·ṯî — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study → wealthא֖וֹן’ō·wn — Strength, power, or productive abilityH202 — Full Word Study → for myself. In allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → my laborsיְגִיעַ֕יyə·ḡî·‘ay — toil, labor, workH3018 — Full Word Study →, they can findיִמְצְאוּ־yim·ṣə·’ū- — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study → in me noלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → iniquityעָוֺ֥ן‘ā·wōn — Iniquity, guilt, or moral wrongdoingH5771 — Full Word Study → that is sinfulחֵֽטְא׃ḥêṭ — sin, transgression, or guiltH2399 — Full Word Study →.” 9But I am the LORDיְהוָ֥הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → your Godאֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → ever since the landמֵאֶ֣רֶץmê·’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִצְרָ֑יִםmiṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →. I will again make you dwellאוֹשִֽׁיבְךָ֥’ō·wō·šî·ḇə·ḵā — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → in tentsבָאֳהָלִ֖יםḇā·’o·hā·lîm — A tent; portable dwelling placeH168 — Full Word Study →, as in the daysכִּימֵ֥יkî·mê — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → of the appointed feastמוֹעֵֽד׃mō·w·‘êḏ — appointed time; solemn assemblyH4150 — Full Word Study →. 10I spokeוְדִבַּ֙רְתִּי֙wə·ḏib·bar·tî — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → throughעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the prophetsהַנְּבִיאִ֔יםhan·nə·ḇî·’îm — Prophet; one who speaks God's wordH5030 — Full Word Study → andוְאָנֹכִ֖יwə·’ā·nō·ḵî — I, myself (first-person singular pronoun)H595 — Full Word Study → multipliedהִרְבֵּ֑יתִיhir·bê·ṯî — To increase, multiply, grow abundantH7235 — Full Word Study → their visionsחָז֣וֹןḥā·zō·wn — A divinely revealed vision or sightH2377 — Full Word Study →; I gave parablesאֲדַמֶּֽה׃’ă·ḏam·meh — To resemble, liken, or compareH1819 — Full Word Study → throughוּבְיַ֥דū·ḇə·yaḏ — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → the prophetsהַנְּבִיאִ֖יםhan·nə·ḇî·’îm — Prophet; one who speaks God's wordH5030 — Full Word Study →. 11Is thereאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → iniquityאָ֙וֶן֙’ā·wen — Evil, wickedness, iniquity, or worthlessnessH205 — Full Word Study → in Gilead? They will surelyאַךְ־’aḵ- — Surely, certainly, only, neverthelessH389 — Full Word Study → comeהָי֔וּhā·yū — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → to nothingשָׁ֣וְאšāw — falsehood, deception, emptinessH7723 — Full Word Study →. Do they sacrificeזִבֵּ֑חוּzib·bê·ḥū — to slaughter an animal as a sacrifice or offeringH2076 — Full Word Study → bullsשְׁוָרִ֣יםšə·wā·rîm — Ox, bull, or cattleH7794 — Full Word Study → in Gilgalבַּגִּלְגָּ֖לbag·gil·gāl — Circle or rollingH1537 — Full Word Study →? Indeedגַּ֤םgam — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study →, their altars will be heaps of stonesכְּגַלִּ֔יםkə·ḡal·lîm — wave, billow, surge of waterH1530 — Full Word Study → inעַ֖ל‘al — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the furrowsתַּלְמֵ֥יtal·mê — furrow, ridge of plowed groundH8525 — Full Word Study → of the fieldשָׂדָֽי׃śā·ḏāy — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study →. 12Jacobיַעֲקֹ֖בya·‘ă·qōḇ — He grasps the heelH3290 — Full Word Study → fledוַיִּבְרַ֥חway·yiḇ·raḥ — To flee or escape in hasteH1272 — Full Word Study → to the landשְׂדֵ֣הśə·ḏêh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study → of Aramאֲרָ֑ם’ă·rām — Ancient Mesopotamian regionH758 — Full Word Study → and Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙yiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study → workedוַיַּעֲבֹ֤דway·ya·‘ă·ḇōḏ — to serve, labor, workH5647 — Full Word Study → for a wifeבְּאִשָּׁ֔הbə·’iš·šāh — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study →for a wifeוּבְאִשָּׁ֖הū·ḇə·’iš·šāh — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study → he tended sheep. 13But by a prophetוּבְנָבִ֕יאū·ḇə·nā·ḇî — Prophet; one who speaks God's wordH5030 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֛הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → broughtהֶעֱלָ֧הhe·‘ĕ·lāh — to ascend, rise up, go upH5927 — Full Word Study → Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לyiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study → out of Egyptמִמִּצְרָ֑יִםmim·miṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →, and by a prophetוּבְנָבִ֖יאū·ḇə·nā·ḇî — Prophet; one who speaks God's wordH5030 — Full Word Study → he was preservedנִשְׁמָֽר׃niš·mār — To guard, keep, observe, preserveH8104 — Full Word Study →. 14Ephraimאֶפְרַ֖יִם’ep̄·ra·yim — Double fruitfulnessH669 — Full Word Study → has provoked bitterתַּמְרוּרִ֑יםtam·rū·rîm — bitterness, bitter grief, deep anguishH8563 — Full Word Study → angerהִכְעִ֥יסhiḵ·‘îs — To provoke to anger; to vex or grieveH3707 — Full Word Study →, so his Lordאֲדֹנָֽיו׃’ă·ḏō·nāw — Lord, master, owner, rulerH113 — Full Word Study → will leaveיִטּ֔וֹשׁyiṭ·ṭō·wōš — to abandon, forsake, or let goH5203 — Full Word Study → his bloodguiltוְדָמָיו֙wə·ḏā·māw — blood; life force; bloodshed; guiltH1818 — Full Word Study → upon himעָלָ֣יו‘ā·lāw — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → and repayיָשִׁ֥יבyā·šîḇ — to turn back, return, restoreH7725 — Full Word Study → him for his contemptוְחֶ֨רְפָּת֔וֹwə·ḥer·pā·ṯōw — Reproach, shame, insultH2781 — Full Word Study →.
Scripture Explorer
Original Language
Notes & Doctrine
Chapter Commentary
Cross-Refs
Highlight
My Note
Original Hebrew / Greek
Loading…
Translation Notes & Doctrine — This Verse
Loading…
Chapter Commentary — Hosea 12
Chapter Overview

Overview of Hosea 12

Hosea 12 presents a powerful contrast between Israel's spiritual emptiness and God's faithful character. The chapter opens with a scathing indictment of Ephraim (northern Israel) for pursuing empty alliances and deceptive practices instead of trusting God. In the middle section, Hosea recalls Jacob's spiritual legacy—his wrestling with God at Bethel—to remind Israel of what they have abandoned. The chapter then cycles through accusations of commercial dishonesty, false confidence in wealth, and religious hypocrisy, while God reminds them of His covenant faithfulness from the exodus onward. Throughout, the prophet calls Israel back to genuine faith and obedience, warning that persistent rebellion will bring judgment.

Verses 1-2: The Futility of Faithless Politics

Ephraim is compared to someone feeding on wind—their political and military strategies are utterly fruitless. The phrase followeth after the east wind suggests chasing after destructive forces, while their alliances with Assyria and Egypt represent reliance on human power rather than divine protection. Verse 2 widens the scope: God has a controversy (legal case) not only with Ephraim but also with Judah (the southern kingdom). The principle is stark: he will punish Jacob according to his ways; according to his doings will he recompense him. This is not arbitrary punishment but righteous judgment proportionate to their rebellion.

Application: We too can chase worthless pursuits—career advancement divorced from integrity, relationships built on deception, security sought through wealth alone. God calls us to trust Him first.

Verses 3-5: The Legacy of Jacob's Faith

Hosea shifts to Israel's ancestral history. Jacob grabbed his brother Esau by the heel in the womb (Genesis 25:26), displaying human cunning. Yet God met Jacob at Bethel, where he had power with God and prevailed—not through strength but through supernatural encounter. The wrestling with the angel (Genesis 32) demonstrated Jacob's transformation from schemer to believer; he wept, and made supplication, showing genuine spiritual hunger. The covenant Lord at Bethel is the LORD God of hosts; His memorial (name and character) endures forever. This passage reminds Israel: your ancestor found God real and responsive.

Application: Our spiritual heritage matters. Like Jacob, we are invited to encounter God not through our strength but through humble, persistent faith.

Verses 6-8: The Call and the Refusal

Verse 6 presents the remedy: turn thou to thy God: keep mercy and judgment, and wait on thy God continually. This is the gospel call in miniature—repentance, righteousness, and faith. Yet verses 7-8 show Israel's refusal. Like a merchant with balances of deceit, they have become oppressors. Worse, Ephraim boasts, Yet I am become rich, I have found me out substance—displaying the spiritual blindness of wealth-induced pride. They insist they have committed no iniquity that is sin, displaying self-righteousness that blinds them to their actual condition.

Application: Material success can become a spiritual trap, convincing us we need no repentance. Honest self-examination before God is essential.

Verses 9-14: God's Faithfulness and Israel's Judgment

God reminds Israel (verses 9-10) of His covenant grace: I that am the LORD thy God from the land of Egypt will restore them to covenant joy. He has communicated through prophets and visions. Yet verses 11-13 expose religious fraud: idolatry at Gilead and Gilgal, false altars everywhere. Verse 13 contrasts this with God's true work—He brought Israel out of Egypt and preserved them through prophetic ministry. Finally, verse 14 pronounces judgment: Ephraim has provoked God most bitterly, so He will leave his blood upon him and return his reproach.

Application for Today: God's patience is real but not infinite. He calls us repeatedly through His Word and Spirit, yet persistent rejection brings consequences. The path to blessing is simple: abandon empty pursuits, embrace God's covenant faithfulness, and live in humble obedience to His Word.

Cross References
Loading…
Highlight This Verse
My Note