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Esther 10

BSB·3 verses ·Old Testament
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1Now Kingהַמֶּ֨לֶךְham·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → Xerxesאֲחָשֵׁרֹשׁʾă·ḥå̄·šē·rōš — Persian KingH325 — Full Word Study → imposedוַיָּשֶׂם֩way·yā·śem — to put, place, set, appointH7760 — Full Word Study → tributeמַ֛סmas — Forced labor, taskmaster, or tribute-bearerH4522 — Full Word Study → throughoutעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the landהָאָ֖רֶץhā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →, even to its farthest shoresוְאִיֵּ֥יwə·’î·yê — coastland, distant island, or remote regionH339 — Full Word Study →. 2And allוְכָל־wə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → of Mordecai’sמָרְדֳּכַ֔יmā·rə·do·ḵay — A Persian officialH4782 — Full Word Study → powerfulתָקְפּוֹ֙ṯā·qə·pōw — strength, power, or authorityH8633 — Full Word Study → and magnificentוּגְב֣וּרָת֔וֹū·ḡə·ḇū·rā·ṯōw — Mighty power, strength, or valorH1369 — Full Word Study → accomplishmentsמַעֲשֵׂ֤הma·‘ă·śêh — Work, deed, or actionH4639 — Full Word Study →, together with the full accountוּפָרָשַׁת֙ū·p̄ā·rā·šaṯ — declaration, edict, or formal statementH6575 — Full Word Study → of the greatnessגְּדֻלַּ֣תgə·ḏul·laṯ — Greatness, majesty, dignityH1420 — Full Word Study → to whichאֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → the kingהַמֶּ֑לֶךְham·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → had raised himגִּדְּל֖וֹgid·də·lōw — to grow, become great, magnifyH1431 — Full Word Study →, are theyהֵ֣םhêm — They, them (masculine plural pronoun)H1992 — Full Word Study → notהֲלוֹא־hă·lō·w- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → writtenכְּתוּבִ֗יםkə·ṯū·ḇîm — to write, inscribe, or record in written formH3789 — Full Word Study → inעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the Bookסֵ֙פֶר֙sê·p̄er — A written document, scroll, or bookH5612 — Full Word Study → of the Chroniclesדִּבְרֵ֣יdiḇ·rê — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → of the Kingsלְמַלְכֵ֖יlə·mal·ḵê — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → of Mediaמָדַ֥יmā·ḏay — The MedesH4074 — Full Word Study → and Persiaוּפָרָֽס׃ū·p̄ā·rās — Persia, the empireH6539 — Full Word Study →? 3Forכִּ֣י׀kî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → Mordecaiמָרְדֳּכַ֣יmā·rə·do·ḵay — A Persian officialH4782 — Full Word Study → the Jewהַיְּהוּדִ֗יhay·yə·hū·ḏî — A Jew; descendant of JudahH3064 — Full Word Study → was secondמִשְׁנֶה֙miš·neh — Second; duplicate; double portionH4932 — Full Word Study → only to Kingלַמֶּ֣לֶךְlam·me·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → Xerxesאֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ’ă·ḥaš·wê·rō·wōš — Persian KingH325 — Full Word Study →, preeminentוְגָדוֹל֙wə·ḡā·ḏō·wl — Great, mighty, large in size or significanceH1419 — Full Word Study → among the Jewsלַיְּהוּדִ֔יםlay·yə·hū·ḏîm — A Jew; descendant of JudahH3064 — Full Word Study → and highly favoredוְרָצ֖וּיwə·rā·ṣui — to accept, be pleased with, delight inH7521 — Full Word Study → by his manyלְרֹ֣בlə·rōḇ — Abundance, multitude, or great quantityH7230 — Full Word Study → kinsmenאֶחָ֑יו’e·ḥāw — Male sibling; brother; kinsmanH251 — Full Word Study →, seekingדֹּרֵ֥שׁdō·rêš — to seek, inquire, search diligentlyH1875 — Full Word Study → the goodטוֹב֙ṭō·wḇ — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study → of his peopleלְעַמּ֔וֹlə·‘am·mōw — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → and speakingוְדֹבֵ֥רwə·ḏō·ḇêr — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → peaceשָׁל֖וֹםšā·lō·wm — Peace, wholeness, well-being, prosperityH7965 — Full Word Study → to allלְכָל־lə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → his countrymenזַרְעֽוֹ׃zar·‘ōw — Seed; offspring; descendant; progenyH2233 — Full Word Study →.
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Chapter Commentary — Esther 10
Chapter Overview

Overview

The book of Esther concludes with a brief epilogue that establishes the lasting consequences of God's deliverance. After the reversal of Haman's evil decree and the Jews' triumph over their enemies, King Ahasuerus consolidates his power through taxation while Mordecai rises to unprecedented prominence in the Persian empire. This final chapter demonstrates that God's providence extended beyond mere survival—it brought blessing, honor, and security to His people and elevated a faithful servant to a position of influence from which he could advocate for Jewish welfare throughout the realm.

Verses 1-2: The King's Tribute and Mordecai's Recognition

The opening verse notes that King Ahasuerus imposed a tribute upon the land and upon the isles of the sea. This taxation likely reflects the strengthened authority of the Persian crown following the internal crisis that nearly destroyed the kingdom. The stabilization of Ahasuerus's reign, secured by the prevention of the Jewish genocide, enabled him to consolidate control over his vast domain. Though the text does not explicitly connect the tribute to the events of Esther's story, readers familiar with the narrative understand that the kingdom's security was directly linked to God's preservation of the Jews through Mordecai and Esther.

Verse 2 confirms that the official records of Media and Persia documented both the king's power and might and, significantly, the declaration of the greatness of Mordecai. This is remarkable: a Jewish exile whose very people were targeted for destruction is now immortalized in the royal chronicles as great and worthy of royal advancement. The phrase "whereunto the king advanced him" indicates that Ahasuerus publicly honored Mordecai, making his elevation a matter of official record. This permanence in writing suggests that Mordecai's position and achievements would not be forgotten or reversed—a fitting contrast to Haman's name, which the Jews were to blot out from memory (Esther 3:7).

Verse 3: Mordecai's Character and Influence

The final verse presents Mordecai's enduring legacy with four important descriptions. First, he was next unto king Ahasuerus, meaning he held the second-highest position in the empire—the very place Haman had occupied before his fall. Second, he was great among the Jews, respected by his own people. Third, he was accepted of the multitude of his brethren, indicating genuine affection and trust rather than merely formal authority. Finally, his character is defined by two noble pursuits: seeking the wealth of his people, and speaking peace to all his seed.

This portrait reveals that Mordecai did not abuse his power for personal gain or revenge. Despite having the authority to settle old scores or enrich himself, he devoted himself to the welfare and peace of the Jewish community. His use of influence for others' benefit models biblical leadership—one exercised not for self-promotion but for service. The emphasis on "speaking peace" is particularly moving: where Haman had sown discord and death, Mordecai promoted harmony and security.

Application for Today

Esther 10 reminds us that God's deliverance is never merely personal—it flows outward to bless entire communities. When God raises someone to influence or authority, that position becomes a trust. Mordecai's example challenges believers in every sphere of life: if God has granted you responsibility, platform, or resources, are you using them to seek the welfare of others and to speak peace? True greatness, in God's eyes, is not measured by titles or personal achievement but by faithful, humble service on behalf of God's people. Like Mordecai, we are called to be advocates for justice, defenders of the vulnerable, and agents of peace wherever God places us.

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