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Ecclesiastes 6

BSB·12 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1There isיֵ֣שׁyêš — there is, exists, has beingH3426 — Full Word Study → another evilרָעָ֔הrā·‘āh — evil, bad, harm, disasterH7451 — Full Word Study → I have seenרָאִ֖יתִיrā·’î·ṯî — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → underתַּ֣חַתta·ḥaṯ — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study → the sunהַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁhaš·šā·meš — The sun; sunlight; dayH8121 — Full Word Study →, and itהִ֖יאhî — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → weighs heavilyוְרַבָּ֥הwə·rab·bāh — great, many, abundant, mightyH7227 — Full Word Study → uponעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → mankindהָאָדָֽם׃hā·’ā·ḏām — Man, mankind, human beingH120 — Full Word Study →: 2Godהָאֱלֹהִ֡יםhā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → givesיִתֶּן־yit·ten- — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → a manאִ֣ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → richesעֹשֶׁר֩‘ō·šer — Riches, wealth, abundance of possessionsH6239 — Full Word Study →, wealthוּנְכָסִ֨יםū·nə·ḵā·sîm — wealth, riches, propertyH5233 — Full Word Study →, and honorוְכָב֜וֹדwə·ḵā·ḇō·wḏ — weightiness, honor, splendor, gloryH3519 — Full Word Study →, so that he lacksחָסֵ֥רḥā·sêr — to lack, be without, have need ofH2638 — Full Word Study → nothingוְֽאֵינֶ֨נּוּwə·’ê·nen·nū — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study → his heartלְנַפְשׁ֣וֹ׀lə·nap̄·šōw — soul, life, person, selfH5315 — Full Word Study → desiresיִתְאַוֶּ֗הyiṯ·’aw·weh — To desire intensely; to long for or craveH183 — Full Word Study →; but Godהָֽאֱלֹהִים֙hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → does notוְלֹֽא־wə·lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → allow himיַשְׁלִיטֶ֤נּוּyaš·lî·ṭen·nū — to rule, dominate, or exercise power overH7980 — Full Word Study → to enjoy themלֶאֱכֹ֣לle·’ĕ·ḵōl — to eat, consume, devourH398 — Full Word Study →. Insteadכִּ֛יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study →, a strangerאִ֥ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → will enjoy themיֹֽאכֲלֶ֑נּוּyō·ḵă·len·nū — to eat, consume, devourH398 — Full Word Study →. Thisזֶ֥הzeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study → is futileהֶ֛בֶלhe·ḇel — Vanity, emptiness, futilityH1892 — Full Word Study → and a grievousוָחֳלִ֥יwā·ḥo·lî — Sickness, disease, illnessH2483 — Full Word Study → afflictionרָ֖עrā‘ — evil, bad, harm, disasterH7451 — Full Word Study →. 3A manאִ֣ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → may fatherיוֹלִ֣ידyō·w·lîḏ — to give birth, beget, or bear a childH3205 — Full Word Study → a hundred children and liveיִֽחְיֶ֜הyiḥ·yeh — To live, to preserve alive, to give lifeH2421 — Full Word Study → for manyרַבּ֨וֹתrab·bō·wṯ — great, many, abundant, mightyH7227 — Full Word Study → yearsוְשָׁנִים֩wə·šā·nîm — Year; period of time or ageH8141 — Full Word Study →; yet no matter how longוְרַ֣ב׀wə·raḇ — great, many, abundant, mightyH7227 — Full Word Study → he livesיְמֵֽי־yə·mê- — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study →, if heוְנַפְשׁוֹ֙wə·nap̄·šōw — soul, life, person, selfH5315 — Full Word Study → is unsatisfiedתִשְׂבַּ֣עṯiś·ba‘ — to satisfy, fill, have enoughH7646 — Full Word Study → withמִן־min- — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → his prosperityהַטּוֹבָ֔הhaṭ·ṭō·w·ḇāh — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study → and does notלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → evenוְגַם־wə·ḡam- — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → receive a proper burialקְבוּרָ֖הqə·ḇū·rāh — tomb, burial place, graveH6900 — Full Word Study →, I sayאָמַ֕רְתִּי’ā·mar·tî — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → that a stillborn childהַנָּֽפֶל׃han·nā·p̄el — miscarriage, untimely birth, abortionH5309 — Full Word Study → is better offט֥וֹבṭō·wḇ — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study → than heמִמֶּ֖נּוּmim·men·nū — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study →. 4Forכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → a stillborn child enters in futilityבַהֶ֥בֶלḇa·he·ḇel — Vanity, emptiness, futilityH1892 — Full Word Study → and departsיֵלֵ֑ךְyê·lêḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → in darknessוּבַחֹ֣שֶׁךְū·ḇa·ḥō·šeḵ — Darkness; absence of light; obscurityH2822 — Full Word Study →, and his nameשְׁמ֥וֹšə·mōw — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study → is shroudedיְכֻסֶּֽה׃yə·ḵus·seh — to cover, conceal, hideH3680 — Full Word Study → in obscurityוּבַחֹ֖שֶׁךְū·ḇa·ḥō·šeḵ — Darkness; absence of light; obscurityH2822 — Full Word Study →. 5The child, thoughגַּם־gam- — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → neitherלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → seeingרָאָ֖הrā·’āh — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → the sunשֶׁ֥מֶשׁše·meš — The sun; sunlight; dayH8121 — Full Word Study → norוְלֹ֣אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → knowing anythingיָדָ֑עyā·ḏā‘ — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study →, has more restנַ֥חַתna·ḥaṯ — Rest, quiet, repose, or reliefH5183 — Full Word Study → than that man, 6even ifוְאִלּ֣וּwə·’il·lū — except, if only, thoughH432 — Full Word Study → he livesחָיָ֗הḥā·yāh — To live, to preserve alive, to give lifeH2421 — Full Word Study → a thousandאֶ֤לֶף’e·lep̄ — A thousand; a large military unit or census numberH505 — Full Word Study → yearsשָׁנִים֙šā·nîm — Year; period of time or ageH8141 — Full Word Study → twice overפַּעֲמַ֔יִםpa·‘ă·ma·yim — time, occasion, or instance of occurrenceH6471 — Full Word Study → but fails toלֹ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → enjoyרָאָ֑הrā·’āh — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → his prosperityוְטוֹבָ֖הwə·ṭō·w·ḇāh — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study →. Do notהֲלֹ֛אhă·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → allהַכֹּ֥לhak·kōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → goהוֹלֵֽךְ׃hō·w·lêḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the sameאֶחָ֖ד’e·ḥāḏ — One; unity; single; firstH259 — Full Word Study → placeמָק֥וֹםmā·qō·wm — A place, location, or spaceH4725 — Full Word Study →? 7Allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → a man’sהָאָדָ֖םhā·’ā·ḏām — Man, mankind, human beingH120 — Full Word Study → laborעֲמַ֥ל‘ă·mal — Labor, toil, trouble, or arduous workH5999 — Full Word Study → is for his mouth, yetוְגַם־wə·ḡam- — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → his appetiteהַנֶּ֖פֶשׁhan·ne·p̄eš — soul, life, person, selfH5315 — Full Word Study → is neverלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → satisfiedתִמָּלֵֽא׃ṯim·mā·lê — to fill, fulfill, completeH4390 — Full Word Study →. 8Whatמַה־mah- — What? Why? How? (interrogative particle)H4100 — Full Word Study → advantageיּוֹתֵ֥רyō·w·ṯêr — advantage, profit, surplus, what remains overH3148 — Full Word Study →, thenכִּ֛יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study →, has the wise manלֶחָכָ֖םle·ḥā·ḵām — Wise, skilled, or cunning in understanding and discernmentH2450 — Full Word Study → overמִֽן־min- — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → the foolהַכְּסִ֑ילhak·kə·sîl — fool, foolish personH3684 — Full Word Study →? What gain comes to the poor manלֶּעָנִ֣יle·‘ā·nî — Poor, afflicted, humbleH6041 — Full Word Study → who knowsיוֹדֵ֔עַyō·w·ḏê·a‘ — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → how to conduct himselfלַהֲלֹ֖ךְla·hă·lōḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → beforeנֶ֥גֶדne·ḡeḏ — before, in front of, in the presence ofH5048 — Full Word Study → othersהַחַיִּֽים׃ha·ḥay·yîm — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study →? 9Betterט֛וֹבṭō·wḇ — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study → what the eyeעֵינַ֖יִם‘ê·na·yim — Eye; sight; appearance; fountainH5869 — Full Word Study → can seeמַרְאֵ֥הmar·’êh — Appearance, sight, vision, or outward formH4758 — Full Word Study → than the wanderingמֵֽהֲלָךְ־mê·hă·lāḵ- — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → of desireנָ֑פֶשׁnā·p̄eš — soul, life, person, selfH5315 — Full Word Study →. Thisזֶ֥הzeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study → tooגַּם־gam- — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → is futileהֶ֖בֶלhe·ḇel — Vanity, emptiness, futilityH1892 — Full Word Study → and a pursuitוּרְע֥וּתū·rə·‘ūṯ — longing, desire, cravingH7469 — Full Word Study → of the windרֽוּחַ׃rū·aḥ — Spirit, breath, wind, or inner dispositionH7307 — Full Word Study →. 10Whateverמַה־mah- — What? Why? How? (interrogative particle)H4100 — Full Word Study → existsשֶּֽׁהָיָ֗הše·hā·yāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → was namedנִקְרָ֣אniq·rā — To call, summon, or proclaimH7121 — Full Word Study → long agoכְּבָר֙kə·ḇār — Already, now, by this timeH3528 — Full Word Study →, and whatאֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer- — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → happens to a man is foreknown; but heה֣וּאhū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → cannotוְלֹא־wə·lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → contendלָדִ֔יןlā·ḏîn — to judge, govern, or execute judgmentH1777 — Full Word Study → withעִ֥ם‘im — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → one strongerשֶׁהַתְקִיףšɛ·haṯ·qīp̄ — to prevail, overcome, be strong againstH8630 — Full Word Study → than heמִמֶּֽנּוּ׃mim·men·nū — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study →. 11Forכִּ֛יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the moreהַרְבֵּ֖הhar·bêh — To increase, multiply, grow abundantH7235 — Full Word Study → wordsדְּבָרִ֥יםdə·ḇā·rîm — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study →, the moreמַרְבִּ֣יםmar·bîm — To increase, multiply, grow abundantH7235 — Full Word Study → futilityהָ֑בֶלhā·ḇel — Vanity, emptiness, futilityH1892 — Full Word Study →and howמַה־mah- — What? Why? How? (interrogative particle)H4100 — Full Word Study → does that profitיֹּתֵ֖רyō·ṯêr — advantage, profit, surplus, what remains overH3148 — Full Word Study → anyoneלָאָדָֽם׃lā·’ā·ḏām — Man, mankind, human beingH120 — Full Word Study →? 12Forכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → whoמִֽי־mî- — who? what person?H4310 — Full Word Study → knowsיוֹדֵעַ֩yō·w·ḏê·a‘ — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → whatמַה־mah- — What? Why? How? (interrogative particle)H4100 — Full Word Study → is goodטּ֨וֹבṭō·wḇ — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study → for a manלָֽאָדָ֜םlā·’ā·ḏām — Man, mankind, human beingH120 — Full Word Study → during the fewמִסְפַּ֛רmis·par — number, count, enumerationH4557 — Full Word Study → days in which he passes throughוְיַעֲשֵׂ֣םwə·ya·‘ă·śêm — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → his fleetingהֶבְל֖וֹheḇ·lōw — Vanity, emptiness, futilityH1892 — Full Word Study → lifeחַיֵּ֥יḥay·yê — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study → like a shadowכַּצֵּ֑לkaṣ·ṣêl — shadow; protection; shelterH6738 — Full Word Study →? Whoמִֽי־mî- — who? what person?H4310 — Full Word Study → can tellיַגִּ֣ידyag·gîḏ — to tell, declare, make knownH5046 — Full Word Study → a manלָֽאָדָ֔םlā·’ā·ḏām — Man, mankind, human beingH120 — Full Word Study → whatמַה־mah- — What? Why? How? (interrogative particle)H4100 — Full Word Study → will comeיִּהְיֶ֥הyih·yeh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → after himאַחֲרָ֖יו’a·ḥă·rāw — after, behind, followingH310 — Full Word Study → underתַּ֥חַתta·ḥaṯ — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study → the sunהַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃haš·šā·meš — The sun; sunlight; dayH8121 — Full Word Study →?
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Chapter Commentary — Ecclesiastes 6
Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview

Ecclesiastes 6 deepens the Teacher's exploration of life's futility by examining a painful paradox: material abundance does not guarantee satisfaction or meaningful enjoyment. The chapter presents a series of sobering observations about human limitation and desire—from the person who possesses everything yet cannot enjoy it (verses 1–2), to the disturbing comparison between a stillborn child and a long life lived in dissatisfaction (verses 3–5). Throughout, Solomon wrestles with the universal human experience of restless striving, incomplete satisfaction, and ultimate powerlessness in the face of death. The underlying message is that neither wealth, longevity, nor wisdom can fill the void that only God can satisfy.

Verses 1–5: Possessions Without Enjoyment

Solomon identifies a common "evil" or misfortune: God grants a man riches, wealth, and honour so that he lacks nothing he desires, yet God withholds the ability to enjoy them (verse 2). A stranger—perhaps an heir, creditor, or oppressor—consumes what he has laboured to accumulate. This is not merely loss; it is the cruelty of having and not having simultaneously. The vanity is compounded when we consider the person with a hundred children and a long life, whose soul is never satisfied with good and who lacks even a proper burial (verse 3). Shockingly, Solomon concludes that an untimely birth is better than such a life (verse 3). Why? Because the stillborn child arrives in vanity, departs in darkness, and is covered with darkness—but also experiences no awareness of loss, no unfulfilled longing, and enjoys more rest (verses 4–5). This is deliberately provocative language meant to jar us into recognizing that mere duration of life, divorced from purpose and satisfaction, is no blessing at all.

Practical Application: This passage warns against the idolatry of accumulation. It challenges us to examine whether our pursuit of wealth, status, or security is rooted in a desire to glorify God or merely to fill an inner void. True satisfaction comes not from what we possess, but from knowing Christ and stewarding His gifts with gratitude and generosity.

Verses 6–9: The Universal Appetite

The Teacher extends this observation universally: even if someone lived two thousand years without seeing good, all humanity goes to one place—the grave (verse 6). All human labour is oriented toward satisfying hunger (literal and metaphorical), yet the appetite remains unfilled (verse 7). Here Solomon asks a penetrating question: What advantage does the wise person have over the fool? (verse 8). Both accumulate, both die, both leave their labour to others. What profit is there in knowledge when the outcome is the same? He adds that the poor person who "knoweth to walk before the living"—who has some dignity and restraint in social interaction—has little real advantage either. Finally, verse 9 offers a moment of modest wisdom: it is better to be content with what the eyes can see (present reality) than to be enslaved by wandering desire and endless craving. Yet even this counsel is "vanity and vexation of spirit"—because even contentment, in a fallen world, remains elusive and incomplete.

Practical Application: This challenges our culture of perpetual wanting. We are invited to distinguish between genuine needs and manufactured desires, and to practice the spiritual discipline of contentment through Christ (Philippians 4:11–12).

Verses 10–12: Human Limitation and Uncertainty

Solomon concludes by noting that human nature and human limitation are well-known realities; no one can argue successfully with something more powerful than themselves (verse 10). The more things increase vanity, the less benefit a person gains (verse 11). Finally, he poses the ultimate unknowable: Who knows what is truly good for us in this life, and who can tell us what happens after we die? (verse 12). Our existence is but a shadow, and our future lies beyond our comprehension.

Practical Application: This radical uncertainty should humble our self-reliance and direct us to trust God's wisdom rather than our own understanding.

Application for Today

Chapter 6 invites believers to release the illusion that earthly success and comfort will satisfy the deepest longings of the soul. In Christ, we find what Solomon's earthly pursuits could never deliver: true peace, purpose, and the assurance of eternity. Rather than chasing endless acquisition, we are called to seek first the kingdom of God, to steward what He entrusts to us with open hands, and to find our contentment in Him alone.

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