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James 4

BSB·17 verses ·New Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1What causes conflictsπόλεμοιpolemoi — warfare, battle, armed conflictG4171 — Full Word Study → andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → quarrelsμάχαιmachai — quarrel, fighting, disputeG3163 — Full Word Study → amongἐνen — in, on, among, at, by means ofG1722 — Full Word Study → youὑμῖνhymin — You (singular or plural pronoun)G4771 — Full Word Study →? Don’t they come fromἐκek — out from, out of, from withinG1537 — Full Word Study → the passionsἡδονῶνhēdonōn — Sensual pleasure, desire for enjoymentG2237 — Full Word Study → at warστρατευομένωνstrateuomenōn — To serve as a soldier; to wage war or battleG4754 — Full Word Study → withinἐνen — in, on, among, at, by means ofG1722 — Full Word Study → youὑμῶνhymōn — You (singular or plural pronoun)G4771 — Full Word Study →? 2You craveἐπιθυμεῖτεepithymeite — To desire strongly; to crave or long forG1937 — Full Word Study → what you do not haveἔχετεechete — To have, hold, or possessG2192 — Full Word Study →; you killφονεύετεphoneuete — to commit murder; to unlawfully kill a personG5407 — Full Word Study → andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → covetζηλοῦτεzēloute — to be zealous, earnestly desire, envyG2206 — Full Word Study →, butκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → are unableδύνασθεdynasthe — To be able; to have power or capacityG1410 — Full Word Study → to obtain it. You quarrelμάχεσθεmachesthe — To fight, quarrel, or engage in conflictG3164 — Full Word Study → andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → fightπολεμεῖτεpolemeite — to engage in battle or warfareG4170 — Full Word Study →. You do not haveἔχετεechete — To have, hold, or possessG2192 — Full Word Study →, becauseδιὰdia — through; by means of; because ofG1223 — Full Word Study → youὑμᾶςhymas — You (singular or plural pronoun)G4771 — Full Word Study → do not askαἰτεῖσθαιaiteisthai — to ask for, request, or demandG154 — Full Word Study →. 3And when you do ask, you do not receiveλαμβάνετεlambanete — to take, receive, or obtainG2983 — Full Word Study →, becauseδιότιdioti — because; for the reason thatG1360 — Full Word Study → you askαἰτεῖσθεaiteisthe — to ask for, request, or demandG154 — Full Word Study → with wrong motivesκακῶςkakōs — badly, evilly, wickedly, or in a diseased mannerG2560 — Full Word Study →, thatἵναhina — in order that; so that; to the intent thatG2443 — Full Word Study → you may squander it onἐνen — in, on, among, at, by means ofG1722 — Full Word Study → yourὑμῶνhymōn — You (singular or plural pronoun)G4771 — Full Word Study → pleasuresἡδοναῖςhēdonais — Sensual pleasure, desire for enjoymentG2237 — Full Word Study →. 4You adulteresses! Do you not knowοἴδατεoidate — to see, perceive, understand, knowG1492 — Full Word Study → thatὅτιhoti — that; because; since; introducing clauses of reason or contentG3754 — Full Word Study → friendshipφιλίαphilia — The bond of friendship; affection between friendsG5373 — Full Word Study → with theτοῦtou — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → worldκόσμουkosmou — The world; the cosmos; the system of humanity opposed to GodG2889 — Full Word Study → isἐστινestin — to exist, to be, am/is/areG1510 — Full Word Study → hostilityἔχθραechthra — Hostility, enmity, hatredG2189 — Full Word Study → toward GodΘεοῦTheou — God, the Divine BeingG2316 — Full Word Study →? Thereforeοὖνoun — therefore, then, so, thusG3767 — Full Word Study →, whoeverὃςhos — who, which, thatG3739 — Full Word Study → choosesβουληθῇboulēthē — to desire, wish, or intend; to exercise one's willG1014 — Full Word Study → to beεἶναιeinai — to exist, to be, am/is/areG1510 — Full Word Study → a friendφίλοςphilos — friend; one who is lovedG5384 — Full Word Study → of theτοῦtou — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → worldκόσμουkosmou — The world; the cosmos; the system of humanity opposed to GodG2889 — Full Word Study → renders himselfκαθίσταταιkathistatai — to appoint, ordain, or constitute in an officeG2525 — Full Word Study → an enemyἐχθρὸςechthros — adversary; one who opposes or harbors hostilityG2190 — Full Word Study → of GodΘεοῦTheou — God, the Divine BeingG2316 — Full Word Study →. 5Orē — Or; either...or; conjunction expressing alternativesG2228 — Full Word Study → do you thinkδοκεῖτεdokeite — to seem, appear, or think; to suppose or judgeG1380 — Full Word Study → thehē — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → Scriptureγραφὴgraphē — Writing, scripture, sacred textG1124 — Full Word Study → saysλέγειlegei — to say, speak, or tellG3004 — Full Word Study → without reason that theτὸto — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → Spiritπνεῦμαpneuma — Spirit; breath; immaterial nature or beingG4151 — Full Word Study → He caused to dwellκατῴκισενkatōkisen — to dwell, to inhabit, to settle and resideG2730 — Full Word Study → inἐνen — in, on, among, at, by means ofG1722 — Full Word Study → usἡμῖνhēmin — I, me; the first-person singular pronounG1473 — Full Word Study → yearnsἐπιποθεῖepipothei — To long for earnestly; to desire intenselyG1971 — Full Word Study → withΠρὸςPros — toward, to, with, in relation toG4314 — Full Word Study → envyφθόνονphthonon — jealous resentment; envious desire for another's advantageG5355 — Full Word Study →? 6Butδὲde — thenG1161 — Full Word Study → He gives us moreμείζοναmeizona — Great in size, power, or intensityG3173 — Full Word Study → graceχάρινcharin — God's unmerited favor and kindnessG5485 — Full Word Study →. This is whyδιὸdio — therefore, for this reason, whereforeG1352 — Full Word Study → it saysλέγειlegei — to say, speak, or tellG3004 — Full Word Study →: “GodΘεὸςTheos — God, the Divine BeingG2316 — Full Word Study → opposesἀντιτάσσεταιantitassetai — To resist, oppose, or set oneself againstG498 — Full Word Study → the proud, butδὲde — thenG1161 — Full Word Study → givesδίδωσινdidōsin — to give, grant, or bestowG1325 — Full Word Study → graceχάρινcharin — God's unmerited favor and kindnessG5485 — Full Word Study → to the humble.” 7Submit yourselvesὙποτάγητεHypotagēte — to subject, submit, or subordinate oneselfG5293 — Full Word Study →, thenοὖνoun — therefore, then, so, thusG3767 — Full Word Study →, to GodΘεῷTheō — God, the Divine BeingG2316 — Full Word Study →. Resistἀντίστητεantistēte — to resist, oppose, or stand againstG436 — Full Word Study → theτῷtō — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → devilδιαβόλῳdiabolō — The Devil; slanderer; adversaryG1228 — Full Word Study →, andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → he will fleeφεύξεταιpheuxetai — To flee, escape, or run awayG5343 — Full Word Study → fromἀφ’aph’ — from, away from, out ofG575 — Full Word Study → youὑμῶνhymōn — You (singular or plural pronoun)G4771 — Full Word Study →. 8Draw nearἐγγίσατεengisate — to draw near, approach, come closeG1448 — Full Word Study → to GodΘεῷTheō — God, the Divine BeingG2316 — Full Word Study →, andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → He will draw nearἐγγιεῖ*engiei — to draw near, approach, come closeG1448 — Full Word Study → to youὑμῖνhymin — You (singular or plural pronoun)G4771 — Full Word Study →. Cleanseκαθαρίσατεkatharisate — to cleanse, purify, make cleanG2511 — Full Word Study → your handκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study →s, you sinners, and purifyἁγνίσατεhagnisate — to purify, make clean, cleanse oneselfG48 — Full Word Study → your hearts, you double-minded. 9Grieveταλαιπωρήσατεtalaipōrēsate — to suffer hardship, be in distressG5003 — Full Word Study →, mournπενθήσατεpenthēsate — to mourn, grieve, or lamentG3996 — Full Word Study →, andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → weepκλαύσατεklausate — to weep; to cry out in sorrowG2799 — Full Word Study →. Turnμετατραπήτωmetatrapētō — to turn around, pervert, distortG3344 — Full Word Study → yourὑμῶνhymōn — You (singular or plural pronoun)G4771 — Full Word Study → laughterγέλωςgelōs — laughter, mirth, derisionG1071 — Full Word Study → toεἰςeis — into, toward, untoG1519 — Full Word Study → mourningπένθοςpenthos — deep grief, mourning, sorrowG3997 — Full Word Study →, andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → your joyχαρὰchara — Joy, gladness, delightG5479 — Full Word Study → toεἰςeis — into, toward, untoG1519 — Full Word Study → gloomκατήφειανkatēpheian — downcast heaviness, gloomy countenanceG2726 — Full Word Study →. 10Humble yourselvesταπεινώθητεtapeinōthēte — to humble, abase, or make lowG5013 — Full Word Study → beforeἐνώπιονenōpion — in the presence of, before, in front ofG1799 — Full Word Study → the Lord, andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → He will exaltὑψώσειhypsōsei — to lift up, exalt, or elevateG5312 — Full Word Study → youὑμᾶςhymas — You (singular or plural pronoun)G4771 — Full Word Study →. 11Brothersἀδελφοίadelphoi — brother; male sibling or fellow believerG80 — Full Word Study →, do not slanderκαταλαλεῖτεkatalaleite — To speak evil of, slander, or defameG2635 — Full Word Study → one anotherἀλλήλωνallēlōn — one another; mutual relationshipG240 — Full Word Study →. Anyone whoho — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → speaks againstκαταλαλῶνkatalalōn — To speak evil of, slander, or defameG2635 — Full Word Study → his brother orē — Or; either...or; conjunction expressing alternativesG2228 — Full Word Study → judgesκρίνωνkrinōn — To judge, evaluate, or decideG2919 — Full Word Study → him speaks againstκαταλαλεῖkatalalei — To speak evil of, slander, or defameG2635 — Full Word Study → the law andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → judgesκρίνειkrinei — To judge, evaluate, or decideG2919 — Full Word Study → it. Andδὲde — thenG1161 — Full Word Study → ifεἰei — if; conditional conjunction introducing hypothetical or contingent circumstancesG1487 — Full Word Study → you judgeκρίνειςkrineis — To judge, evaluate, or decideG2919 — Full Word Study → the law, you areεἶei — to exist, to be, am/is/areG1510 — Full Word Study → notοὐκouk — No, not, negation particleG3756 — Full Word Study → a practitionerποιητὴςpoiētēs — one who does or makes; a doerG4163 — Full Word Study → of the law, butἀλλὰalla — but, yet, rather, on the other handG235 — Full Word Study → a judge of it. 12There isἐστινestin — to exist, to be, am/is/areG1510 — Full Word Study → only oneεἷςheis — one, a single unit, unifiedG1520 — Full Word Study → Lawgiverνομοθέτηςnomothetēs — One who establishes or gives laws; lawgiverG3550 — Full Word Study → andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → Judgeκριτήςkritēs — A judge; one who renders judgment or verdictG2923 — Full Word Study →, the One who is ableδυνάμενοςdynamenos — To be able; to have power or capacityG1410 — Full Word Study → to saveσῶσαιsōsai — To save, rescue, or deliver from danger or harmG4982 — Full Word Study → andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → destroyἀπολέσαιapolesai — to destroy, ruin, or cause to perishG622 — Full Word Study →. Butδὲde — thenG1161 — Full Word Study → whoτίςtis — Who? What? Which? (interrogative pronoun)G5101 — Full Word Study → areεἶei — to exist, to be, am/is/areG1510 — Full Word Study → youσὺsy — You (singular or plural pronoun)G4771 — Full Word Study → to judgeκρίνωνkrinōn — To judge, evaluate, or decideG2919 — Full Word Study → your neighborπλησίονplēsion — near, neighboring; one's neighborG4139 — Full Word Study →? 13ComeἌγεAge — to lead, bring, or carryG71 — Full Word Study → nowνῦνnyn — now, at the present timeG3568 — Full Word Study →, you whoοἱhoi — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → sayλέγοντεςlegontes — to say, speak, or tellG3004 — Full Word Study →, “TodayΣήμερονSēmeron — Today; this present dayG4594 — Full Word Study → orē — Or; either...or; conjunction expressing alternativesG2228 — Full Word Study → tomorrowαὔριονaurion — tomorrow; the next dayG839 — Full Word Study → we will goπορευσόμεθαporeusometha — To go, travel, or journeyG4198 — Full Word Study → toεἰςeis — into, toward, untoG1519 — Full Word Study → this or thatτήνδεtēnde — this one; he, she, thatG3592 — Full Word Study → cityπόλινpolin — A city; a populated urban centerG4172 — Full Word Study →, spendποιήσομενpoiēsomen — to do, make, perform, or accomplishG4160 — Full Word Study → a yearἐνιαυτὸνeniauton — a period of one year; annual cycleG1763 — Full Word Study → thereἐκεῖekei — in that place, there, thitherG1563 — Full Word Study →, carry on businessἐμπορευσόμεθαemporeusometha — to engage in commerce, trade, or buy and sellG1710 — Full Word Study →, andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → make a profitκερδήσομενkerdēsomen — to gain, profit, or winG2770 — Full Word Study →.” 14Youοἵτινεςhoitines — whoever, whichever, the one whoG3748 — Full Word Study → do not even knowἐπίστασθεepistasthe — to know, to understand, to be acquainted withG1987 — Full Word Study → what will happen tomorrowαὔριονaurion — tomorrow; the next dayG839 — Full Word Study →! What is yourὑμῶνhymōn — You (singular or plural pronoun)G4771 — Full Word Study → lifeζωὴzōē — Life, living existence, vitalityG2222 — Full Word Study →? You areἐστεeste — to exist, to be, am/is/areG1510 — Full Word Study → a mistἀτμὶςatmis — vapor, mist, or smokeG822 — Full Word Study → that appearsφαινομένηphainomenē — To appear, shine, or become visibleG5316 — Full Word Study → for a little while andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → thenἔπειταepeita — then, afterward, next in sequenceG1899 — Full Word Study → vanishesἀφανιζομένηaphanizomenē — to destroy, make disappear, or render invisibleG853 — Full Word Study →. 15InsteadἈντὶAnti — in place of, instead of, for the sake ofG473 — Full Word Study →, you ought to sayλέγεινlegein — to say, speak, or tellG3004 — Full Word Study →, “IfἘὰνEan — conditional particle; if, whether, in case thatG1437 — Full Word Study → theho — Definite article: the, this, thatG3588 — Full Word Study → LordΚύριοςKyrios — Lord; master; one who has authority or ownershipG2962 — Full Word Study → is willingθελήσῃthelēsē — to desire, wish, or will; to be inclined towardG2309 — Full Word Study →, we will liveζήσομενzēsomen — to live, be alive, existG2198 — Full Word Study → andκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → doποιήσομενpoiēsomen — to do, make, perform, or accomplishG4160 — Full Word Study → thisτοῦτοtouto — This one; he, she, it; that person or thingG3778 — Full Word Study → orē — Or; either...or; conjunction expressing alternativesG2228 — Full Word Study → thatἐκεῖνοekeino — that one, that person, the otherG1565 — Full Word Study →.” 16As it isνῦνnyn — now, at the present timeG3568 — Full Word Study →, you boastκαυχᾶσθεkauchasthe — to boast, glory, or take pride in somethingG2744 — Full Word Study → inἐνen — in, on, among, at, by means ofG1722 — Full Word Study → yourὑμῶνhymōn — You (singular or plural pronoun)G4771 — Full Word Study → proud intentionsἀλαζονείαις*alazoneiais — Arrogant boasting; proud self-promotionG212 — Full Word Study →. Allπᾶσαpasa — all, every, the whole ofG3956 — Full Word Study → suchτοιαύτηtoiautē — such, of this kind, like thisG5108 — Full Word Study → boastingκαύχησιςkauchēsis — boasting, proud confidence, gloryingG2746 — Full Word Study → isἐστινestin — to exist, to be, am/is/areG1510 — Full Word Study → evilπονηράponēra — Evil, wicked, morally badG4190 — Full Word Study →. 17Anyoneαὐτῷautō — he, she, it, self; third-person pronounG846 — Full Word Study →, thenοὖνoun — therefore, then, so, thusG3767 — Full Word Study →, who knowsεἰδότιeidoti — to see, perceive, understand, knowG1492 — Full Word Study → the right thing to doποιεῖνpoiein — to do, make, perform, or accomplishG4160 — Full Word Study →, yetκαὶkai — and; also; even; bothG2532 — Full Word Study → failsμὴmē — Not; negation; lestG3361 — Full Word Study → to do it, isἐστινestin — to exist, to be, am/is/areG1510 — Full Word Study → guilty of sinἁμαρτίαhamartia — transgression, violation of God's law; wrongdoingG266 — Full Word Study →.
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Chapter Commentary — James 4
Chapter Overview

Chapter 4 Overview

James 4 confronts the root causes of conflict and worldliness in the church. The apostle traces quarrels and disputes back to selfish desires, exposing how believers have adopted the world's value system rather than God's kingdom perspective. He calls his readers to repentance, submission to God, humility, and a fundamental reorientation of their priorities—reminding them that life is fleeting and that all our plans must be subject to God's will.

Verses 1-5: The Source of Conflicts

James begins with a piercing question: where do the wars and quarrels in the church come from? He answers plainly—they come from lustful desires warring within individual believers (v. 1). The Greek word hedone (lust) refers to unbridled cravings for pleasure, status, or possessions. Verses 2-3 deepen the diagnosis: people want things they don't have, they're willing to fight for them, yet they don't ask God. When they do ask, they ask with wrong motives—to consume what they get on their own desires rather than to serve God's purposes. This isn't about wanting good things; it's about the disposition of the heart. Verse 4 uses the metaphor of adultery: friendship with the world is spiritual infidelity. A believer cannot simultaneously love the world's system of self-promotion, greed, and pride while claiming loyalty to Christ. The two allegiances are mutually exclusive (v. 4).

Application: Before we blame conflict on others, we must examine our own hearts. What do we truly desire? Are we seeking God's kingdom first, or are we pursuing comfort, status, and security like those who don't know Him?

Verses 6-10: The Way of Repentance and Humility

The good news follows the diagnosis: God gives more grace (v. 6). This is the turning point. Rather than abandoning His people, God offers sufficient grace for transformation. Verse 6 quotes Proverbs 3:34—God resists the proud but gives grace to the humble. James then prescribes a sevenfold path to restoration: submit to God, resist the devil, draw near to God, cleanse your hands, purify your hearts, be afflicted and mourn, and humble yourself (vv. 7-10). These aren't works to earn God's favor but rather the posture and actions that align us with His grace. Cleansing hands and purifying hearts represent both outward behavior and inward motive. Verses 9-10 call for genuine sorrow over sin—not the shallow regret of getting caught, but the deep repentance that precedes exaltation. The promise is sure: those who humble themselves will be lifted up by the Lord.

Application: Repentance isn't a one-time event but a returning to God. When we draw near to Him in humility, acknowledging our need, He draws near to us with grace.

Verses 11-17: Speaking, Judging, and Planning

James applies this repentance to specific areas: our speech, our judgment of others, and our future planning. Verse 11 forbids speaking evil of fellow believers; to judge a brother is to set yourself up as a judge of God's law itself. Only God is both Lawgiver and Judge, possessing the authority to save or destroy (v. 12). This silences self-righteous criticism. Verses 13-15 address presumptuous planning: those who boast confidently about their business ventures and financial gain fail to acknowledge life's uncertainty. Life is a vapor—here momentarily, then gone. The proper Christian stance is to say, "If the Lord will" (v. 15), submitting our plans to His sovereignty. Finally, verse 17 provides a principle applicable to all of James: knowing to do good and failing to do it is sin. This includes repenting of worldliness, speaking rightly, judging humbly, and depending on God's will.

Application: Every word we speak, every judgment we make, and every plan we lay should reflect dependence on God and respect for His sovereignty.

Application for Today

James 4 calls us to spiritual realism: examine your heart's true desires, confess worldliness without shame, embrace God's grace through humble repentance, guard your speech and judgments, and acknowledge that your life and future rest in God's hands. This chapter cuts through religious pretense to the core issue—who do you truly serve? Let God's grace be sufficient today.

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