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Ecclesiastes 9

BSB·18 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1Soכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → I tookנָתַ֤תִּיnā·ṯat·tî — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → thisזֶ֞הzeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → heartלִבִּי֙lib·bî — Heart; the center of emotion, will, and intellectH3820 — Full Word Study → and concludedוְלָב֣וּרwə·lā·ḇūr — to declare, explain, or make clearH952 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁ֨ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → the righteousהַצַּדִּיקִ֧יםhaṣ·ṣad·dî·qîm — Righteous, just person; one who is right with GodH6662 — Full Word Study → and the wiseוְהַחֲכָמִ֛יםwə·ha·ḥă·ḵā·mîm — Wise, skilled, or cunning in understanding and discernmentH2450 — Full Word Study →, as well as their deedsוַעֲבָדֵיהֶ֖םwa·‘ă·ḇā·ḏê·hem — work, labor, service, deedH5652 — Full Word Study →, are in God’sהָאֱלֹהִ֑יםhā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → handsבְּיַ֣דbə·yaḏ — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study →. Manהָֽאָדָ֔םhā·’ā·ḏām — Man, mankind, human beingH120 — Full Word Study → does notאֵ֤ין’ên — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study → knowיוֹדֵ֙עַ֙yō·w·ḏê·a‘ — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → whatהַכֹּ֖לhak·kōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → lies aheadלִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃lip̄·nê·hem — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study →, whetherגַּֽם־gam- — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → loveאַהֲבָ֣ה’a·hă·ḇāh — Love, affection, devotionH160 — Full Word Study → orגַם־ḡam- — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → hateשִׂנְאָ֗הśin·’āh — hatred, intense dislikeH8135 — Full Word Study →. 2It is the sameכַּאֲשֶׁ֣רka·’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → for allלַכֹּ֗לlak·kōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study →: There is a commonאֶחָ֜ד’e·ḥāḏ — One; unity; single; firstH259 — Full Word Study → fateמִקְרֶ֨הmiq·reh — accident, chance occurrence, happenstanceH4745 — Full Word Study → for the righteousלַצַּדִּ֤יקlaṣ·ṣad·dîq — Righteous, just person; one who is right with GodH6662 — Full Word Study → and the wickedוְלָרָשָׁע֙wə·lā·rā·šā‘ — wicked, guilty, morally corruptH7563 — Full Word Study →, for the good and the bad, for the cleanוְלַטָּה֣וֹרwə·laṭ·ṭā·hō·wr — Ritually or morally pure; cleanH2889 — Full Word Study → and the uncleanוְלַטָּמֵ֔אwə·laṭ·ṭā·mê — Unclean, defiled, impureH2931 — Full Word Study →, for the one who sacrificesוְלַזֹּבֵ֔חַwə·laz·zō·ḇê·aḥ — to slaughter an animal as a sacrifice or offeringH2076 — Full Word Study → and the oneוְלַאֲשֶׁ֖רwə·la·’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → who does notאֵינֶ֣נּוּ’ê·nen·nū — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study →. As it is for the goodכַּטּוֹב֙kaṭ·ṭō·wḇ — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study →, so it is for the sinnerכַּֽחֹטֶ֔אka·ḥō·ṭe — To sin; to miss the mark; to commit wrongdoingH2398 — Full Word Study →; as it is for the one who makes a vowהַנִּשְׁבָּ֕עhan·niš·bā‘ — To swear an oath; to bind oneself by solemn promiseH7650 — Full Word Study →, so it is for the one who refusesיָרֵֽא׃yā·rê — to fear, be afraid, dreadH3373 — Full Word Study → to take a vowשְׁבוּעָ֥הšə·ḇū·‘āh — Oath, sworn vow, or curseH7621 — Full Word Study →. 3Thisזֶ֣ה׀zeh — this, that; the one, the otherH2088 — Full Word Study → is an evilרָ֗עrā‘ — evil, bad, harm, disasterH7451 — Full Word Study → in everythingבְּכֹ֤לbə·ḵōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶֽׁר־’ă·šer- — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → is doneנַעֲשָׂה֙na·‘ă·śāh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → underתַּ֣חַתta·ḥaṯ — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study → the sunהַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁhaš·še·meš — The sun; sunlight; dayH8121 — Full Word Study →: There is oneאֶחָ֖ד’e·ḥāḏ — One; unity; single; firstH259 — Full Word Study → fateמִקְרֶ֥הmiq·reh — accident, chance occurrence, happenstanceH4745 — Full Word Study → for everyoneלַכֹּ֑לlak·kōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study →. Furthermoreוְגַ֣םwə·ḡam — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study →, the heartsלֵ֣בlêḇ — Heart; the center of emotion, will, and intellectH3820 — Full Word Study → of menבְּֽנֵי־bə·nê- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → are full ofמָלֵא־mā·lê- — to fill, be full, fullnessH4392 — Full Word Study → evilרָ֨עrā‘ — evil, bad, harm, disasterH7451 — Full Word Study → and madnessוְהוֹלֵל֤וֹתwə·hō·w·lê·lō·wṯ — Madness, folly, senselessnessH1947 — Full Word Study → while they are aliveבְּחַיֵּיהֶ֔םbə·ḥay·yê·hem — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study →, and afterwardוְאַחֲרָ֖יוwə·’a·ḥă·rāw — after, behind, followingH310 — Full Word Study → they join the deadהַמֵּתִֽים׃ham·mê·ṯîm — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study →. 4There isיֵ֣שׁyêš — there is, exists, has beingH3426 — Full Word Study → hopeבִּטָּח֑וֹןbiṭ·ṭā·ḥō·wn — Trust, confidence, relianceH986 — Full Word Study →, howeverכִּי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study →, for anyone whoמִי֙mî — who? what person?H4310 — Full Word Study → is amongיִבָּחֵרyib·bå̄·ḥēr — To choose, select, or preferH977 — Full Word Study → the livingהַחַיִּ֖יםha·ḥay·yîm — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study →; for evenכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → a liveחַי֙ḥay — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study → dogלְכֶ֤לֶבlə·ḵe·leḇ — Dog; unclean animal used as insult or metaphorH3611 — Full Word Study → is betterט֔וֹבṭō·wḇ — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study → thanמִן־min- — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → a deadהַמֵּֽת׃ham·mêṯ — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study → lionהָאַרְיֵ֖הhā·’ar·yêh — A lion; fierce predatorH738 — Full Word Study →. 5Forכִּ֧יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the livingהַֽחַיִּ֛יםha·ḥay·yîm — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study → knowיוֹדְעִ֖יםyō·wḏ·‘îm — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → that they will dieשֶׁיָּמֻ֑תוּše·yā·mu·ṯū — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study →, but the deadוְהַמֵּתִ֞יםwə·ham·mê·ṯîm — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study → knowיוֹדְעִ֣יםyō·wḏ·‘îm — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → nothingמְא֗וּמָהmə·’ū·māh — anything, something, aughtH3972 — Full Word Study →. They have noוְאֵֽין־wə·’ên- — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study → furtherע֤וֹד‘ō·wḏ — still, yet, again, continuing or additional occurrenceH5750 — Full Word Study → rewardשָׂכָ֔רśā·ḵār — wages, payment, compensation for laborH7939 — Full Word Study →, becauseכִּ֥יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the memoryזִכְרָֽם׃ziḵ·rām — memorial, remembrance, or fragrant nameH2143 — Full Word Study → of them is forgottenנִשְׁכַּ֖חniš·kaḥ — to forget, neglect, lose memory ofH7911 — Full Word Study →. 6Their loveאַהֲבָתָ֧ם’a·hă·ḇā·ṯām — Love, affection, devotionH160 — Full Word Study →, their hateשִׂנְאָתָ֛םśin·’ā·ṯām — hatred, intense dislikeH8135 — Full Word Study →, andגַּ֣םgam — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → their envyקִנְאָתָ֖םqin·’ā·ṯām — zealous passion; jealousy; fervent intensityH7068 — Full Word Study → have alreadyכְּבָ֣רkə·ḇār — Already, now, by this timeH3528 — Full Word Study → vanishedאָבָ֑דָה’ā·ḇā·ḏāh — To perish, be destroyed, or lostH6 — Full Word Study →, and they will never again haveאֵין־’ên- — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study → a shareוְחֵ֨לֶקwə·ḥê·leq — portion, allotment, flatteryH2506 — Full Word Study → in allבְּכֹ֥לbə·ḵōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶֽׁר־’ă·šer- — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → is doneנַעֲשָׂ֖הna·‘ă·śāh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → underתַּ֥חַתta·ḥaṯ — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study → the sunהַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃haš·šā·meš — The sun; sunlight; dayH8121 — Full Word Study →. 7Goלֵ֣ךְlêḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study →, eatאֱכֹ֤ל’ĕ·ḵōl — to eat, consume, devourH398 — Full Word Study → your breadלַחְמֶ֔ךָlaḥ·me·ḵā — Bread; food; sustenanceH3899 — Full Word Study → with joyבְּשִׂמְחָה֙bə·śim·ḥāh — Joy, gladness, rejoicingH8057 — Full Word Study →, and drinkוּֽשֲׁתֵ֥הū·šă·ṯêh — to drink; consume liquidH8354 — Full Word Study → your wineיֵינֶ֑ךָyê·ne·ḵā — Wine; fermented grape juiceH3196 — Full Word Study → with a cheerfulט֖וֹבṭō·wḇ — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study → heartבְלֶב־ḇə·leḇ- — Heart; the center of emotion, will, and intellectH3820 — Full Word Study →, forכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → Godהָאֱלֹהִ֖יםhā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → has alreadyכְבָ֔רḵə·ḇār — Already, now, by this timeH3528 — Full Word Study → approvedרָצָ֥הrā·ṣāh — to accept, be pleased with, delight inH7521 — Full Word Study → your worksמַעֲשֶֽׂיךָ׃ma·‘ă·śe·ḵā — Work, deed, or actionH4639 — Full Word Study →: 8Let your garmentsבְגָדֶ֖יךָḇə·ḡā·ḏe·ḵā — Clothing; treachery or deceptionH899 — Full Word Study → alwaysבְּכָל־bə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → beיִהְי֥וּyih·yū — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → whiteלְבָנִ֑יםlə·ḇā·nîm — white, bright, or pure in colorH3836 — Full Word Study →, and neverאַל־’al- — do not; negative imperative particleH408 — Full Word Study → spareיֶחְסָֽר׃yeḥ·sār — to lack, be deficient, wantH2637 — Full Word Study → the oilוְשֶׁ֖מֶןwə·še·men — Oil; ointment; fat; luxuryH8081 — Full Word Study → forעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → your headרֹאשְׁךָ֥rō·šə·ḵā — Head; chief; beginning; topH7218 — Full Word Study →. 9Enjoyרְאֵ֨הrə·’êh — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → lifeחַיִּ֜יםḥay·yîm — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study → withעִם־‘im- — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → your belovedאָהַ֗בְתָּ’ā·haḇ·tā — To love; affection, attachment, or preferenceH157 — Full Word Study → wifeאִשָּׁ֣ה’iš·šāh — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the daysיְמֵי֙yə·mê — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → of the fleetingהֶבְלֶ֔ךָheḇ·le·ḵā — Vanity, emptiness, futilityH1892 — Full Word Study → lifeחַיֵּ֣יḥay·yê — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁ֤ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → God has given you underתַּ֣חַתta·ḥaṯ — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study → the sunהַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁhaš·še·meš — The sun; sunlight; dayH8121 — Full Word Study →allכֹּ֖לkōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → your fleetingהֶבְלֶ֑ךָheḇ·le·ḵā — Vanity, emptiness, futilityH1892 — Full Word Study → daysיְמֵ֣יyə·mê — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study →. Forכִּ֣יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → thisה֤וּאhū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → is your portionחֶלְקְךָ֙ḥel·qə·ḵā — portion, allotment, flatteryH2506 — Full Word Study → in lifeבַּֽחַיִּ֔יםba·ḥay·yîm — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study → and in your laborוּבַעֲמָ֣לְךָ֔ū·ḇa·‘ă·mā·lə·ḵā — Labor, toil, trouble, or arduous workH5999 — Full Word Study → underתַּ֥חַתta·ḥaṯ — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study → the sunהַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃haš·šā·meš — The sun; sunlight; dayH8121 — Full Word Study →. 10Whateverכֹּ֠לkōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → you findתִּמְצָ֧אtim·ṣā — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study → to doלַעֲשׂ֥וֹתla·‘ă·śō·wṯ — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → with your handsיָֽדְךָ֛yā·ḏə·ḵā — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study →, do it with all your mightבְּכֹחֲךָ֖bə·ḵō·ḥă·ḵā — Strength, power, might, or abilityH3581 — Full Word Study →, forכִּי֩kî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → in Sheolבִּשְׁא֕וֹלbiš·’ō·wl — The grave; the abode of the dead; the underworldH7585 — Full Word Study →, whereאֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → youאַתָּ֖ה’at·tāh — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → are goingהֹלֵ֥ךְhō·lêḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study →, there isשָֽׁמָּה׃סšām·māh — There, in that placeH8033 — Full Word Study → noאֵ֨ין’ên — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study → workמַעֲשֶׂ֤הma·‘ă·śeh — Work, deed, or actionH4639 — Full Word Study → or planningוְחֶשְׁבּוֹן֙wə·ḥeš·bō·wn — account, reckoning, device, reasoningH2808 — Full Word Study → or knowledgeוְדַ֣עַתwə·ḏa·‘aṯ — Knowledge, understanding, awarenessH1847 — Full Word Study → or wisdomוְחָכְמָ֔הwə·ḥā·ḵə·māh — Wisdom; skillful understanding and discernmentH2451 — Full Word Study →. 11I sawוְרָאֹ֣הwə·rā·’ōh — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → something elseשַׁ֜בְתִּיšaḇ·tî — to turn back, return, restoreH7725 — Full Word Study → underתַֽחַת־ṯa·ḥaṯ- — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study → the sunהַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁhaš·še·meš — The sun; sunlight; dayH8121 — Full Word Study →: The raceהַמֵּר֜וֹץham·mê·rō·wṣ — A race or running course; competitive runningH4793 — Full Word Study → is notלֹא֩lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → to the swiftלַקַּלִּ֨יםlaq·qal·lîm — Swift, quick, light in weight or movementH7031 — Full Word Study →, nor the battleהַמִּלְחָמָ֗הham·mil·ḥā·māh — Battle, warfare, combat, military conflictH4421 — Full Word Study → to the strongלַגִּבּוֹרִ֣יםlag·gib·bō·w·rîm — mighty man, warrior, strong heroH1368 — Full Word Study →; neither is the breadלֶ֙חֶם֙le·ḥem — Bread; food; sustenanceH3899 — Full Word Study → to the wiseלַחֲכָמִ֥יםla·ḥă·ḵā·mîm — Wise, skilled, or cunning in understanding and discernmentH2450 — Full Word Study →, norוְגַ֨םwə·ḡam — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → the wealthעֹ֔שֶׁר‘ō·šer — Riches, wealth, abundance of possessionsH6239 — Full Word Study → to the intelligentלַנְּבֹנִים֙lan·nə·ḇō·nîm — To understand, discern, perceiveH995 — Full Word Study →, norוְגַ֛םwə·ḡam — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → the favorחֵ֑ןḥên — Favor, grace, or kindness shown to someoneH2580 — Full Word Study → to the skillfulלַיֹּדְעִ֖יםlay·yō·ḏə·‘îm — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study →. Forכִּי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → timeעֵ֥ת‘êṯ — Time, season, or appointed momentH6256 — Full Word Study → and chanceוָפֶ֖גַעwā·p̄e·ḡa‘ — Chance encounter, accidental meeting, or casual occurrenceH6294 — Full Word Study → happenיִקְרֶ֥הyiq·reh — to meet, befall, happen; to impose or lay (beams)H7136 — Full Word Study → to allכֻּלָּֽם׃kul·lām — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study →. 12Forכִּ֡יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → surelyגַּם֩gam — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → noלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → manהָאָדָ֜םhā·’ā·ḏām — Man, mankind, human beingH120 — Full Word Study → knowsיֵדַ֨עyê·ḏa‘ — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → his timeעִתּ֗וֹ‘it·tōw — Time, season, or appointed momentH6256 — Full Word Study →: Like fishכַּדָּגִים֙kad·dā·ḡîm — Fish; aquatic creatureH1709 — Full Word Study → caughtשֶׁנֶּֽאֱחָזִים֙šen·ne·’ĕ·ḥā·zîm — to grasp, seize, or take hold ofH270 — Full Word Study → in a cruelרָעָ֔הrā·‘āh — evil, bad, harm, disasterH7451 — Full Word Study → netבִּמְצוֹדָ֣הbim·ṣō·w·ḏāh — Net, snare, or fortified strongholdH4685 — Full Word Study → or birdsוְכַ֨צִּפֳּרִ֔יםwə·ḵaṣ·ṣip·po·rîm — Bird or fowlH6833 — Full Word Study → trappedהָאֲחֻז֖וֹתhā·’ă·ḥu·zō·wṯ — to grasp, seize, or take hold ofH270 — Full Word Study → in a snareבַּפָּ֑חbap·pāḥ — Snare, trap, or thin metal sheetH6341 — Full Word Study →, so menבְּנֵ֣יbə·nê — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → are ensnaredיֽוּקָשִׁים֙yū·qā·šîm — to lay a snare or trap; to ensnareH3369 — Full Word Study → in an evilרָעָ֔הrā·‘āh — evil, bad, harm, disasterH7451 — Full Word Study → timeלְעֵ֣תlə·‘êṯ — Time, season, or appointed momentH6256 — Full Word Study → that suddenlyפִּתְאֹֽם׃piṯ·’ōm — suddenly, unexpectedly, all at onceH6597 — Full Word Study → fallsכְּשֶׁתִּפּ֥וֹלkə·šet·tip·pō·wl — to fall; collapse; perishH5307 — Full Word Study → upon themעֲלֵיהֶ֖ם‘ă·lê·hem — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study →. 13I have also seenרָאִ֥יתִיrā·’î·ṯî — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → thisזֹ֛הzōh — This, that; demonstrative pronoun or adjectiveH2090 — Full Word Study → wisdomחָכְמָ֖הḥāḵ·māh — Wisdom; skillful understanding and discernmentH2451 — Full Word Study → underתַּ֣חַתta·ḥaṯ — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study → the sunהַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁhaš·šā·meš — The sun; sunlight; dayH8121 — Full Word Study →, and itהִ֖יאhî — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → was great to meאֵלָֽי׃’ê·lāy — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study →: 14There was a smallקְטַנָּ֔הqə·ṭan·nāh — Small, little, least, or young in size, number, age, or importanceH6996 — Full Word Study → cityעִ֣יר‘îr — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study → with fewמְעָ֑טmə·‘āṭ — A small amount; little; fewH4592 — Full Word Study → menוַאֲנָשִׁ֥יםwa·’ă·nā·šîm — human being, man, mortal personH582 — Full Word Study →. A mightyגָּדוֹל֙gā·ḏō·wl — Great, mighty, large in size or significanceH1419 — Full Word Study → kingמֶ֤לֶךְme·leḵ — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → cameוּבָֽא־ū·ḇā- — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → against itאֵלֶ֜יהָ’ê·le·hā — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study →, surrounded itוְסָבַ֣בwə·sā·ḇaḇ — to turn, surround, go aroundH5437 — Full Word Study →, and builtוּבָנָ֥הū·ḇā·nāh — to build, construct, establishH1129 — Full Word Study → largeגְּדֹלִֽים׃gə·ḏō·lîm — Great, mighty, large in size or significanceH1419 — Full Word Study → siege rampsמְצוֹדִ֥יםmə·ṣō·w·ḏîm — Net, snare, or fortified strongholdH4685 — Full Word Study → against itעָלֶ֖יהָ‘ā·le·hā — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study →. 15Now a poorמִסְכֵּן֙mis·kên — A poor person; one in poverty or needH4542 — Full Word Study → wiseחָכָ֔םḥā·ḵām — Wise, skilled, or cunning in understanding and discernmentH2450 — Full Word Study → manאִ֤ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → was foundוּמָ֣צָאū·mā·ṣā — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study → in the city, and heה֥וּאhū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → savedוּמִלַּט־ū·mil·laṭ- — to escape, deliver, or save from dangerH4422 — Full Word Study → the cityהָעִ֖ירhā·‘îr — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study → by his wisdomבְּחָכְמָת֑וֹbə·ḥā·ḵə·mā·ṯōw — Wisdom; skillful understanding and discernmentH2451 — Full Word Study →. Yet noלֹ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → oneוְאָדָם֙wə·’ā·ḏām — Man, mankind, human beingH120 — Full Word Study → rememberedזָכַ֔רzā·ḵar — to remember, recall, or mentionH2142 — Full Word Study → thatהַהּֽוּא׃ha·hū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → poorהַמִּסְכֵּ֖ןham·mis·kên — A poor person; one in poverty or needH4542 — Full Word Study → manהָאִ֥ישׁhā·’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study →. 16And Iאָ֔נִי’ā·nî — I, me, myself (first person singular pronoun)H589 — Full Word Study → saidוְאָמַ֣רְתִּיwə·’ā·mar·tî — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Wisdomחָכְמָ֖הḥāḵ·māh — Wisdom; skillful understanding and discernmentH2451 — Full Word Study → is betterטוֹבָ֥הṭō·w·ḇāh — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study → than strengthמִגְּבוּרָ֑הmig·gə·ḇū·rāh — Mighty power, strength, or valorH1369 — Full Word Study →, but the wisdomוְחָכְמַ֤תwə·ḥā·ḵə·maṯ — Wisdom; skillful understanding and discernmentH2451 — Full Word Study → of the poorהַמִּסְכֵּן֙ham·mis·kên — A poor person; one in poverty or needH4542 — Full Word Study → man is despisedבְּזוּיָ֔הbə·zū·yāh — to despise, treat with contemptH959 — Full Word Study →, and his wordsוּדְבָרָ֖יוū·ḏə·ḇā·rāw — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → are notאֵינָ֥ם’ê·nām — nothing, nonexistence, absenceH369 — Full Word Study → heededנִשְׁמָעִֽים׃niš·mā·‘îm — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study →.” 17The calmבְּנַ֖חַתbə·na·ḥaṯ — Rest, quiet, repose, or reliefH5183 — Full Word Study → wordsדִּבְרֵ֣יdiḇ·rê — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → of the wiseחֲכָמִ֔יםḥă·ḵā·mîm — Wise, skilled, or cunning in understanding and discernmentH2450 — Full Word Study → are heededנִשְׁמָעִ֑יםniš·mā·‘îm — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study → over the shoutsמִזַּעֲקַ֥תmiz·za·‘ă·qaṯ — A cry or outcry; a shout of distress or complaintH2201 — Full Word Study → of a rulerמוֹשֵׁ֖לmō·wō·šêl — To rule, reign, or exercise dominionH4910 — Full Word Study → among foolsבַּכְּסִילִֽים׃bak·kə·sî·lîm — fool, foolish personH3684 — Full Word Study →. 18Wisdomחָכְמָ֖הḥāḵ·māh — Wisdom; skillful understanding and discernmentH2451 — Full Word Study → is betterטוֹבָ֥הṭō·w·ḇāh — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study → than weaponsמִכְּלֵ֣יmik·kə·lê — vessel, instrument, or article of useH3627 — Full Word Study → of warקְרָ֑בqə·rāḇ — Battle, combat, warfareH7128 — Full Word Study →, but oneאֶחָ֔ד’e·ḥāḏ — One; unity; single; firstH259 — Full Word Study → sinnerוְחוֹטֶ֣אwə·ḥō·w·ṭe — To sin; to miss the mark; to commit wrongdoingH2398 — Full Word Study → destroysיְאַבֵּ֥דyə·’ab·bêḏ — To perish, be destroyed, or lostH6 — Full Word Study → muchהַרְבֵּֽה׃har·bêh — To increase, multiply, grow abundantH7235 — Full Word Study → goodטוֹבָ֥הṭō·w·ḇāh — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study →.
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Chapter Commentary — Ecclesiastes 9
Chapter Overview

Overview

Ecclesiastes 9 presents one of Scripture's most sobering yet liberating passages. The Preacher wrestles with the apparent injustice that righteous and wicked alike face the same fate—death—and that earthly success cannot be guaranteed by wisdom, strength, or moral virtue. Yet rather than descending into despair, he pivots toward a practical wisdom: acknowledging life's brevity and uncertainty should motivate us to embrace God's good gifts with gratitude, work diligently with all our strength, and recognize that true wisdom, though often overlooked, surpasses worldly power. This chapter calls believers to live purposefully in light of eternity.

Verses 1–3: The Common Destiny

The Preacher begins by declaring that righteous and wise people, along with their works, rest in God's hand—yet no one can discern God's love or hatred from outward circumstances (verse 1). This is humbling: we cannot judge God's favor based on success or failure. Verses 2–3 intensify this reality: all people—righteous and wicked, clean and unclean, sacrificer and non-sacrificer—share one unavoidable event: death. The Preacher calls this "an evil" not because death itself is evil, but because it reveals the apparent meaninglessness of moral distinctions when everyone ends the same way. Human hearts are filled with evil and madness while living, and then they perish. This is the reality "under the sun"—viewing life without God's eternal perspective.

Application: This passage humbles our pride in earthly achievement and moral self-righteousness. It reminds us that only God can truly judge hearts and assign eternal value to our lives.

Verses 4–6: The Value of Being Alive

Yet there is one crucial advantage: the living have hope (verse 4). A living dog is better than a dead lion—a striking image emphasizing that mere survival trumps past greatness once life is gone. The living at least know they will die and can prepare; they retain the capacity to change, grow, and seek God (verse 5). But the dead have no knowledge, no reward, no memory, and no further portion in anything done under the sun (verses 5–6). Their loves, hatreds, and envies perish with them.

This passage does not teach annihilationism (the doctrine that the unsaved cease to exist); rather, it emphasizes the finality of earthly opportunity and the loss of earthly involvement. The dead are beyond the reach of this world's affairs.

Application: We must urgently live for Christ while we have breath. Our opportunity for witness, service, and growth is limited to this life.

Verses 7–10: Embrace Life's Simple Gifts

Rather than despair, the Preacher offers wise counsel: eat your bread with joy, drink your wine with a merry heart, keep yourself clean and well-groomed, live joyfully with your spouse, and work diligently at whatever you find to do (verses 7–10). God accepts our works (verse 7)—a grace note suggesting that our labor, though finite, has divine approval. Marriage, food, rest, and work are God-given good gifts to be enjoyed with gratitude, not hoarded or despised. We must work with all our might because "in the grave, whither thou goest," there is no work or wisdom.

Application: Evangelical faith is not dour asceticism. God delights when we receive His gifts with thanksgiving and engage fully in our vocations, families, and simple pleasures while maintaining eternal perspective.

Verses 11–18: The Limits of Human Wisdom

The Preacher observes that success depends not on personal merit but on "time and chance" (verse 11)—circumstances beyond our control. Even the poor wise man who saves a city goes unremembered (verses 13–15). Yet he concludes: wisdom is better than strength or weapons (verses 16–18), though it is often despised. One sinner, however, can destroy much good. True wisdom is precious but fragile in a fallen world.

Application: Pursue wisdom and excellence in your calling, but hold them lightly. Recognize that only God controls outcomes, and guard against the influence of destructive individuals who can undermine good work.

Application for Today

Ecclesiastes 9 calls us to radical realism and radical joy. Yes, we live under the shadow of death and the limits of human control. But this should not paralyze us; instead, it should liberate us to enjoy God's gifts, love our families, work faithfully, and pursue wisdom—all while remembering that our true hope rests not in earthly success but in Christ's resurrection and the promise of eternal life.

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