Note: Words are shown in their original Greek order, which differs from English translations. This reflects the emphasis and structure of Scripture as originally written. Click any word to see its full lexicon entry.
1 Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and earth had passed away, and the sea was no more.
Καὶ εἶδον οὐρανὸν καινὸν καὶ γῆν καινήν ὁ γὰρ πρῶτος οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ πρώτη γῆ ἀπῆλθαν καὶ ἡ θάλασσα οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 Καὶ καί kaí CONJ I saw G1492 εἶδον εἴδω eídō V-2AAI-1S a heaven G3772 οὐρανὸν οὐρανός ouranós N-ASM new G2537 καινὸν καινός kainós A-ASM and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ an earth G1093 γῆν γῆ gē N-ASF new G2537 καινήν καινός kainós A-ASF the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM for G1063 γὰρ γάρ gár CONJ the first G4413 πρῶτος prōtos A-NSM heaven G3772 οὐρανὸς οὐρανός ouranós N-NSM and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 ἡ ὁ ho T-NSF first G4413 πρώτη πρῶτος prōtos A-NSF earth G1093 γῆ gē N-NSF had passed away G565 ἀπῆλθαν ἀπέρχομαι apérchomai V-2AAI-3P and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 ἡ ὁ ho T-NSF sea G2281 θάλασσα thálassa N-NSF not G3756 οὐκ οὐ ou PRT-N is G1510 ἔστιν εἰμί eimí V-PAI-3S any longer G2089 ἔτι éti ADV
2 I saw the holy city, the new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.
καὶ τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἁγίαν Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινὴν εἶδον καταβαίνουσαν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ ἡτοιμασμένην ὡς νύμφην κεκοσμημένην τῷ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 τὴν ὁ ho T-ASF city G4172 πόλιν πόλις pólis N-ASF the G3588 τὴν ὁ ho T-ASF holy G40 ἁγίαν ἅγιος hágios A-ASF Jerusalem G2419 Ἰερουσαλὴμ Ἱερουσαλήμ Hierousalḗm N-ASF-L new G2537 καινὴν καινός kainós A-ASF I saw G1492 εἶδον εἴδω eídō V-2AAI-1S coming down G2597 καταβαίνουσαν καταβαίνω katabaínō V-PAP-ASF out of G1537 ἐκ ek PREP the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho T-GSM heaven G3772 οὐρανοῦ οὐρανός ouranós N-GSM from G575 ἀπὸ ἀπό apó PREP the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho T-GSM God G2316 θεοῦ θεός theós N-GSM prepared G2090 ἡτοιμασμένην ἑτοιμάζω hetoimázō V-RPP-ASF as G5613 ὡς hōs CONJ a bride G3565 νύμφην νύμφη nýmphē N-ASF adorned G2885 κεκοσμημένην κοσμέω kosméō V-RPP-ASF for the G3588 τῷ ὁ ho T-DSM husband G435 ἀνδρὶ ἀνήρ anḗr N-DSM of her G846 αὐτῆς αὐτός autós P-GSF
3 And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying: “Behold, the dwelling place of God is with man, and He will dwell with them. They will be His people, and God Himself will be with them as their God.
καὶ ἤκουσα φωνῆς μεγάλης ἐκ τοῦ θρόνου λεγούσης ἰδοὺ ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ θεοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ σκηνώσει μετ᾽ αὐτῶν καὶ αὐτοὶ λαοὶ αὐτοῦ ἔσονται καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ θεὸς μετ᾽ αὐτῶν ἔσται αὐτῶν θεός
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ I heard G191 ἤκουσα ἀκούω akoúō V-AAI-1S a voice G5456 φωνῆς φωνή phōnḗ N-GSF great G3173 μεγάλης μέγας mégas A-GSF from G1537 ἐκ ek PREP the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho T-GSM throne G2362 θρόνου θρόνος thrónos N-GSM saying: G3004 λεγούσης λέγω légō V-PAP-GSF Behold G2400 ἰδοὺ ἰδού idoú INJ the G3588 ἡ ὁ ho T-NSF tabernacle G4633 σκηνὴ σκηνή skēnḗ N-NSF the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho T-GSM of God G2316 θεοῦ θεός theós N-GSM [is] with G3326 μετὰ μετά metá PREP the G3588 τῶν ὁ ho T-GPM men G444 ἀνθρώπων ἄνθρωπος ánthrōpos N-GPM and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ He will tabernacle G4637 σκηνώσει σκηνόω skēnóō V-FAI-3S with G3326 μετ᾽ μετά metá PREP them G846 αὐτῶν αὐτός autós P-GPM and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ they themselves G846 αὐτοὶ αὐτός autós P-NPM peoples G2992 λαοὶ λαός laós N-NPM of Him G846 αὐτοῦ αὐτός autós P-GSM will be G1510 ἔσονται εἰμί eimí V-FDI-3P and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ Himself G846 αὐτὸς αὐτός autós P-NSM the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM God G2316 θεὸς θεός theós N-NSM with G3326 μετ᾽ μετά metá PREP them G846 αὐτῶν αὐτός autós P-GPM will be G1510 ἔσται εἰμί eimí V-FDI-3S [as] their G846 αὐτῶν αὐτός autós P-GPM God G2316 θεός theós N-NSM
4 ‘He will wipe away every tear from their eyes,’ and there will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain, for the former things have passed away.”
καὶ ἐξαλείψει πᾶν δάκρυον ἐκ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν καὶ ὁ θάνατος οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι οὔτε πένθος οὔτε κραυγὴ οὔτε πόνος οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι ὅτι τὰ πρῶτα ἀπῆλθαν
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ He will wipe away G1813 ἐξαλείψει ἐξαλείφω exaleíphō V-FAI-3S every G3956 πᾶν πᾶς pâs A-ASN tear G1144 δάκρυον δάκρυ dákry N-ASN from G1537 ἐκ ek PREP the G3588 τῶν ὁ ho T-GPM eyes G3788 ὀφθαλμῶν ὀφθαλμός ophthalmós N-GPM of them G846 αὐτῶν αὐτός autós P-GPM and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM death G2288 θάνατος thánatos N-NSM not G3756 οὐκ οὐ ou PRT-N will be G1510 ἔσται εἰμί eimí V-FDI-3S any longer G2089 ἔτι éti ADV nor G3777 οὔτε oúte CONJ-N mourning G3997 πένθος pénthos N-NSN nor G3777 οὔτε oúte CONJ-N crying G2906 κραυγὴ κραυγή kraugḗ N-NSF nor G3777 οὔτε oúte CONJ-N pain G4192 πόνος pónos N-NSM not G3756 οὐκ οὐ ou PRT-N they will be G1510 ἔσται εἰμί eimí V-FDI-3S any longer G2089 ἔτι éti ADV because G3754 ὅτι hóti CONJ the G3588 τὰ ὁ ho T-NPN former things G4413 πρῶτα πρῶτος prōtos A-NPN come G565 ἀπῆλθαν ἀπέρχομαι apérchomai V-2AAI-3P
5 And the One seated on the throne said, “Behold, I make all things new.” Then He said, “Write this down, for these words are faithful and true.”
Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ ἰδοὺ καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα καὶ λέγει γράψον ὅτι οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί εἰσιν
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 Καὶ καί kaí CONJ said G2036 εἶπεν ἔπω épō V-2AAI-3S the [One] G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM sitting G2521 καθήμενος κάθημαι káthēmai V-PNP-NSM on G1909 ἐπὶ ἐπί epí PREP the G3588 τῷ ὁ ho T-DSM throne G2362 θρόνῳ θρόνος thrónos N-DSM Behold G2400 ἰδοὺ ἰδού idoú INJ new G2537 καινὰ καινός kainós A-APN I make G4160 ποιῶ ποιέω poiéō V-PAI-1S all things G3956 πάντα πᾶς pâs A-APN And G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ He says G3004 λέγει λέγω légō V-PAI-3S do write [this] G1125 γράψον γράφω gráphō V-AAM-2S because G3754 ὅτι hóti CONJ these G3778 οὗτοι οὗτος hoûtos D-NPM the G3588 οἱ ὁ ho T-NPM words G3056 λόγοι λόγος lógos N-NPM faithful G4103 πιστοὶ πιστός pistós A-NPM and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ true G228 ἀληθινοί ἀληθινός alēthinós A-NPM are G1510 εἰσιν εἰμί eimí V-PAI-3P
6 And He told me, “It is done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End. To the thirsty I will give freely from the spring of the water of life.
καὶ εἶπέν μοι γέγοναν ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ ἄλφα καὶ τὸ ὦ ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος ἐγὼ τῷ διψῶντι δώσω ἐκ τῆς πηγῆς τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς δωρεάν
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ He said G2036 εἶπέν ἔπω épō V-2AAI-3S to me G1473 μοι ἐγώ egṓ P-1DS It has been done! G1096 γέγοναν γίνομαι gínomai V-2RAI-3P I myself G1473 ἐγώ egṓ P-1NS am G1510 εἰμι εἰμί eimí V-PAI-1S the G3588 τὸ ὁ ho T-NSN Alpha G1 ἄλφα N-NSN-T and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 τὸ ὁ ho T-NSN Omega G5598 ὦ Ω Ō N-NSN-LI the G3588 ἡ ὁ ho T-NSF beginning G746 ἀρχὴ ἀρχή archḗ N-NSF and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 τὸ ὁ ho T-NSN end G5056 τέλος télos N-NSN I myself G1473 ἐγὼ ἐγώ egṓ P-1NS to the [one] G3588 τῷ ὁ ho T-DSM thirsting G1372 διψῶντι διψάω dipsáō V-PAP-DSM I will give G1325 δώσω δίδωμι dídōmi V-FAI-1S of G1537 ἐκ ek PREP the G3588 τῆς ὁ ho T-GSF spring G4077 πηγῆς πηγή pēgḗ N-GSF of the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho T-GSN water G5204 ὕδατος ὕδωρ hýdōr N-GSN the G3588 τῆς ὁ ho T-GSF of life G2222 ζωῆς ζωή zōḗ N-GSF freely G1432 δωρεάν dōreán ADV
7 The one who overcomes will inherit all things, and I will be his God, and he will be My son.
ὁ νικῶν κληρονομήσει ταῦτα καὶ ἔσομαι αὐτῷ θεὸς καὶ αὐτὸς ἔσται μοι υἱός
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing The [one] G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM overcoming G3528 νικῶν νικάω nikáō V-PAP-NSM he will inherit G2816 κληρονομήσει κληρονομέω klēronoméō V-FAI-3S these [things] G3778 ταῦτα οὗτος hoûtos D-APN and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ I will be G1510 ἔσομαι εἰμί eimí V-FDI-1S to him G846 αὐτῷ αὐτός autós P-DSM God G2316 θεὸς θεός theós N-NSM and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ he himself G846 αὐτὸς αὐτός autós P-NSM will be G1510 ἔσται εἰμί eimí V-FDI-3S My G1473 μοι ἐγώ egṓ P-1DS son G5207 υἱός huiós N-NSM
8 But to the cowardly and unbelieving and abominable and murderers and sexually immoral and sorcerers and idolaters and all liars, their place will be in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur. This is the second death.”
τοῖς δὲ δειλοῖς καὶ ἀπίστοις καὶ ἐβδελυγμένοις καὶ φονεῦσιν καὶ πόρνοις καὶ φαρμάκοις καὶ εἰδωλολάτραις καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς ψευδέσιν τὸ μέρος αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ λίμνῃ τῇ καιομένῃ πυρὶ καὶ θείῳ ὅ ἐστιν ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing the G3588 τοῖς ὁ ho T-DPM But G1161 δὲ δέ dé CONJ to [the] cowardly G1169 δειλοῖς δειλός deilós A-DPM and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ to [the] unbelieving G571 ἀπίστοις ἄπιστος ápistos A-DPM and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ having made themselves abominable G948 ἐβδελυγμένοις βδελύσσω bdelýssō V-RMP-DPM and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ to murderers G5406 φονεῦσιν φονεύς phoneús N-DPM and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ to the sexually immoral G4205 πόρνοις πόρνος pórnos N-DPM and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ to sorcerers G5333 φαρμάκοις φάρμακος phármakos N-DPM and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ to idolaters G1496 εἰδωλολάτραις εἰδωλολάτρης eidōlolátrēs N-DPM and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ to all G3956 πᾶσιν πᾶς pâs A-DPM the G3588 τοῖς ὁ ho T-DPM liars G5571 ψευδέσιν ψευδής pseudḗs A-DPM the G3588 τὸ ὁ ho T-NSN portion G3313 μέρος méros N-NSN of them G846 αὐτῶν αὐτός autós P-GPM [is] in G1722 ἐν en PREP the G3588 τῇ ὁ ho T-DSF lake G3041 λίμνῃ λίμνη límnē N-DSF which G3588 τῇ ὁ ho T-DSF is burning G2545 καιομένῃ καίω kaíō V-PPP-DSF with fire G4442 πυρὶ πῦρ pŷr N-DSN and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ with brimstone G2303 θείῳ θεῖον theîon N-DSN which G3739 ὅ ὅς hós R-NSN is G1510 ἐστιν εἰμί eimí V-PAI-3S the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM death G2288 θάνατος thánatos N-NSM the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM afterward G1208 δεύτερος deúteros A-NSM
9 Then one of the seven angels with the seven bowls full of the seven final plagues came and said to me, “Come, I will show you the bride, the wife of the Lamb.”
Καὶ ἦλθεν εἷς ἐκ τῶν ἑπτὰ ἀγγέλων τῶν ἐχόντων τὰς ἑπτὰ φιάλας τῶν γεμόντων τῶν ἑπτὰ πληγῶν τῶν ἐσχάτων καὶ ἐλάλησεν μετ᾽ ἐμοῦ λέγων δεῦρο δείξω σοι τὴν νύμφην τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ ἀρνίου
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 Καὶ καί kaí CONJ came G2064 ἦλθεν ἔρχομαι érchomai V-2AAI-3S one G1520 εἷς heîs A-NSM of G1537 ἐκ ek PREP the G3588 τῶν ὁ ho T-GPM seven G2033 ἑπτὰ ἑπτά heptá A-GPM-NUI angels G32 ἀγγέλων ἄγγελος ángelos N-GPM who G3588 τῶν ὁ ho T-GPM are having G2192 ἐχόντων ἔχω échō V-PAP-GPM the G3588 τὰς ὁ ho T-APF seven G2033 ἑπτὰ ἑπτά heptá A-APF-NUI bowls G5357 φιάλας φιάλη phiálē N-APF which G3588 τῶν ὁ ho T-GPN are being full G1073 γεμόντων γέμω gémō V-PAP-GPF of the G3588 τῶν ὁ ho T-GPF seven G2033 ἑπτὰ ἑπτά heptá A-GPF-NUI plagues G4127 πληγῶν πληγή plēgḗ N-GPF the G3588 τῶν ὁ ho T-GPF last G2078 ἐσχάτων ἔσχατος éschatos A-GPF and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ spoke G2980 ἐλάλησεν λαλέω laléō V-AAI-3S with G3326 μετ᾽ μετά metá PREP me G1473 ἐμοῦ ἐγώ egṓ P-1GS saying G3004 λέγων λέγω légō V-PAP-NSM Come here G1204 δεῦρο deûro ADV I will show G1166 δείξω δεικνύω deiknýō V-FAI-1S you G4771 σοι σύ sý P-2DS the G3588 τὴν ὁ ho T-ASF bride G3565 νύμφην νύμφη nýmphē N-ASF the G3588 τὴν ὁ ho T-ASF wife G1135 γυναῖκα γυνή gynḗ N-ASF of the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho T-GSN Lamb G721 ἀρνίου ἀρνίον arníon N-GSN
10 And he carried me away in the Spirit to a mountain great and high, and showed me the holy city of Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from God,
καὶ ἀπήνεγκέν με ἐν πνεύματι ἐπὶ ὄρος μέγα καὶ ὑψηλόν καὶ ἔδειξέν μοι τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἁγίαν Ἰερουσαλὴμ καταβαίνουσαν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ he carried away G667 ἀπήνεγκέν ἀποφέρω apophérō V-AAI-3S me G1473 με ἐγώ egṓ P-1AS in G1722 ἐν en PREP [the] Spirit G4151 πνεύματι πνεῦμα pneûma N-DSN to G1909 ἐπὶ ἐπί epí PREP a mountain G3735 ὄρος óros N-ASN great G3173 μέγα μέγας mégas A-ASN and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ high G5308 ὑψηλόν ὑψηλός hypsēlós A-ASN and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ he showed G1166 ἔδειξέν δεικνύω deiknýō V-AAI-3S me G1473 μοι ἐγώ egṓ P-1DS the G3588 τὴν ὁ ho T-ASF city G4172 πόλιν πόλις pólis N-ASF the G3588 τὴν ὁ ho T-ASF holy G40 ἁγίαν ἅγιος hágios A-ASF Jerusalem G2419 Ἰερουσαλὴμ Ἱερουσαλήμ Hierousalḗm N-ASF-L descending G2597 καταβαίνουσαν καταβαίνω katabaínō V-PAP-ASF out of G1537 ἐκ ek PREP the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho T-GSM heaven G3772 οὐρανοῦ οὐρανός ouranós N-GSM from G575 ἀπὸ ἀπό apó PREP the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho T-GSM God G2316 θεοῦ θεός theós N-GSM
11 shining with the glory of God. Its radiance was like a most precious jewel, like a jasper, as clear as crystal.
ἔχουσαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ φωστὴρ αὐτῆς ὅμοιος λίθῳ τιμιωτάτῳ ὡς λίθῳ ἰάσπιδι κρυσταλλίζοντι
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing having G2192 ἔχουσαν ἔχω échō V-PAP-ASF the G3588 τὴν ὁ ho T-ASF glory G1391 δόξαν δόξα dóxa N-ASF the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho T-GSM of God G2316 θεοῦ θεός theós N-GSM The G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM radiance G5458 φωστὴρ φωστήρ phōstḗr N-NSM of it G846 αὐτῆς αὐτός autós P-GSF [was] like G3664 ὅμοιος hómoios A-NSM as a stone G3037 λίθῳ λίθος líthos N-DSM most precious G5093 τιμιωτάτῳ τίμιος tímios A-DSM like G5613 ὡς hōs CONJ as a stone G3037 λίθῳ λίθος líthos N-DSM jasper G2393 ἰάσπιδι ἴασπις íaspis N-DSF being clear as crystal G2929 κρυσταλλίζοντι κρυσταλλίζω krystallízō V-PAP-DSM
12 The city had a great and high wall with twelve gates inscribed with the names of the twelve tribes of Israel, and twelve angels at the gates.
ἔχουσα τεῖχος μέγα καὶ ὑψηλόν ἔχουσα πυλῶνας δώδεκα καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς πυλῶσιν ἀγγέλους δώδεκα καὶ ὀνόματα ἐπιγεγραμμένα ἅ ἐστιν τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν δώδεκα φυλῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing having G2192 ἔχουσα ἔχω échō V-PAP-NSF a wall G5038 τεῖχος teîchos N-ASN great G3173 μέγα μέγας mégas A-ASN and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ high G5308 ὑψηλόν ὑψηλός hypsēlós A-ASN having G2192 ἔχουσα ἔχω échō V-PAP-NSF gates G4440 πυλῶνας πυλών pylṓn N-APM twelve G1427 δώδεκα dṓdeka A-APM-NUI and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ at G1909 ἐπὶ ἐπί epí PREP the G3588 τοῖς ὁ ho T-DPM gates G4440 πυλῶσιν πυλών pylṓn N-DPM angels G32 ἀγγέλους ἄγγελος ángelos N-APM twelve G1427 δώδεκα dṓdeka A-APM-NUI and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ names G3686 ὀνόματα ὄνομα ónoma N-APN inscribed G1924 ἐπιγεγραμμένα ἐπιγράφω epigráphō V-RPP-APN which G3739 ἅ ὅς hós R-NPN are G1510 ἐστιν εἰμί eimí V-PAI-3S the G3588 τὰ ὁ ho T-NPN names G3686 ὀνόματα ὄνομα ónoma N-NPN of the G3588 τῶν ὁ ho T-GPF twelve G1427 δώδεκα dṓdeka A-GPF-NUI tribes G5443 φυλῶν φυλή phylḗ N-GPF of [the] sons G5207 υἱῶν υἱός huiós N-GPM of Israel G2474 Ἰσραήλ Israḗl N-GSM-L
13 There were three gates on the east, three on the north, three on the south, and three on the west.
ἀπὸ ἀνατολῆς πυλῶνες τρεῖς καὶ ἀπὸ βορρᾶ πυλῶνες τρεῖς καὶ ἀπὸ νότου πυλῶνες τρεῖς καὶ ἀπὸ δυσμῶν πυλῶνες τρεῖς
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing On G575 ἀπὸ ἀπό apó PREP [the] east G395 ἀνατολῆς ἀνατολή anatolḗ N-GSF [were] gates G4440 πυλῶνες πυλών pylṓn N-NPM three G5140 τρεῖς treîs A-NPM and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ on G575 ἀπὸ ἀπό apó PREP [the] north G1005 βορρᾶ βοῤῥᾶς borrhâs N-GSM gates G4440 πυλῶνες πυλών pylṓn N-NPM three G5140 τρεῖς treîs A-NPM and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ on G575 ἀπὸ ἀπό apó PREP [the] south G3558 νότου νότος nótos N-GSM gates G4440 πυλῶνες πυλών pylṓn N-NPM three G5140 τρεῖς treîs A-NPM and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ on G575 ἀπὸ ἀπό apó PREP [the] west G1424 δυσμῶν δυσμή dysmḗ N-GPF gates G4440 πυλῶνες πυλών pylṓn N-NPM three G5140 τρεῖς treîs A-NPM
14 The wall of the city had twelve foundations bearing the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.
καὶ τὸ τεῖχος τῆς πόλεως ἔχων θεμελίους δώδεκα καὶ ἐπ᾽ αὐτῶν δώδεκα ὀνόματα τῶν δώδεκα ἀποστόλων τοῦ ἀρνίου
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 τὸ ὁ ho T-NSN wall G5038 τεῖχος teîchos N-NSN of the G3588 τῆς ὁ ho T-GSF city G4172 πόλεως πόλις pólis N-GSF had G2192 ἔχων ἔχω échō V-PAP-NSM foundations G2310 θεμελίους θεμέλιος themélios N-APM twelve G1427 δώδεκα dṓdeka A-APM-NUI and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ on G1909 ἐπ᾽ ἐπί epí PREP them G846 αὐτῶν αὐτός autós P-GPM twelve G1427 δώδεκα dṓdeka A-APN-NUI names G3686 ὀνόματα ὄνομα ónoma N-APN of the G3588 τῶν ὁ ho T-GPM twelve G1427 δώδεκα dṓdeka A-GPM-NUI apostles G652 ἀποστόλων ἀπόστολος apóstolos N-GPM of the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho T-GSN lamb G721 ἀρνίου ἀρνίον arníon N-GSN
15 The angel who spoke with me had a golden measuring rod to measure the city and its gates and walls.
Καὶ ὁ λαλῶν μετ᾽ ἐμοῦ εἶχεν μέτρον κάλαμον χρυσοῦν ἵνα μετρήσῃ τὴν πόλιν καὶ τοὺς πυλῶνας αὐτῆς καὶ τὸ τεῖχος αὐτῆς
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 Καὶ καί kaí CONJ the [one] G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM speaking G2980 λαλῶν λαλέω laléō V-PAP-NSM with G3326 μετ᾽ μετά metá PREP me G1473 ἐμοῦ ἐγώ egṓ P-1GS he had G2192 εἶχεν ἔχω échō V-IAI-3S a measuring G3358 μέτρον métron N-ASN reed G2563 κάλαμον κάλαμος kálamos N-ASM golden G5552 χρυσοῦν χρύσεος chrýseos A-ASN so that G2443 ἵνα hína CONJ he may measure G3354 μετρήσῃ μετρέω metréō V-AAS-3S the G3588 τὴν ὁ ho T-ASF city G4172 πόλιν πόλις pólis N-ASF and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 τοὺς ὁ ho T-APM gates G4440 πυλῶνας πυλών pylṓn N-APM of it G846 αὐτῆς αὐτός autós P-GSF and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 τὸ ὁ ho T-ASN wall G5038 τεῖχος teîchos N-ASN of it G846 αὐτῆς αὐτός autós P-GSF
16 The city lies foursquare, with its width the same as its length. And he measured the city with the rod, and all its dimensions were equal—12,000 stadia in length and width and height.
καὶ ἡ πόλις τετράγωνος κεῖται καὶ τὸ μῆκος αὐτῆς ὅσον καὶ τὸ πλάτος καὶ ἐμέτρησεν τὴν πόλιν τῷ καλάμῳ ἐπὶ σταδίων δώδεκα χιλιάδων τὸ μῆκος καὶ τὸ πλάτος καὶ τὸ ὕψος αὐτῆς ἴσα ἐστίν
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 ἡ ὁ ho T-NSF city G4172 πόλις pólis N-NSF foursquare G5068 τετράγωνος tetrágōnos A-NSF lies G2749 κεῖται κεῖμαι keîmai V-PNI-3S and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 τὸ ὁ ho T-NSN length G3372 μῆκος mēkos N-NSN of it G846 αὐτῆς αὐτός autós P-GSF [the] same as G3745 ὅσον ὅσος hósos K-NSN also G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 τὸ ὁ ho T-NSN width G4114 πλάτος plátos N-NSN And G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ he measured G3354 ἐμέτρησεν μετρέω metréō V-AAI-3S the G3588 τὴν ὁ ho T-ASF city G4172 πόλιν πόλις pólis N-ASF with the G3588 τῷ ὁ ho T-DSM reed G2563 καλάμῳ κάλαμος kálamos N-DSM at G1909 ἐπὶ ἐπί epí PREP stadia G4712 σταδίων στάδιον stádion N-GPM twelve G1427 δώδεκα dṓdeka A-GPN-NUI thousand G5505 χιλιάδων χιλιάς chiliás N-GPF the G3588 τὸ ὁ ho T-NSN length G3372 μῆκος mēkos N-NSN and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 τὸ ὁ ho T-NSN breadth G4114 πλάτος plátos N-NSN and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 τὸ ὁ ho T-NSN height G5311 ὕψος hýpsos N-NSN of it G846 αὐτῆς αὐτός autós P-GSF equal G2470 ἴσα ἴσος ísos A-NPN are G1510 ἐστίν εἰμί eimí V-PAI-3S
17 And he measured its wall to be 144 cubits, by the human measure the angel was using.
καὶ ἐμέτρησεν τὸ τεῖχος αὐτῆς ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τεσσάρων πηχῶν μέτρον ἀνθρώπου ὅ ἐστιν ἀγγέλου
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ he measured G3354 ἐμέτρησεν μετρέω metréō V-AAI-3S the G3588 τὸ ὁ ho T-ASN wall G5038 τεῖχος teîchos N-ASN of it G846 αὐτῆς αὐτός autós P-GSF one hundred G1540 ἑκατὸν ἑκατόν hekatón A-GPM-NUI forty G5062 τεσσεράκοντα τεσσαράκοντα tessarákonta A-GPM-NUI four G5064 τεσσάρων τέσσαρες téssares A-GPM-NUI cubits G4083 πηχῶν πῆχυς pēchys N-GPM [the] measure G3358 μέτρον métron N-ASN of man G444 ἀνθρώπου ἄνθρωπος ánthrōpos N-GSM that G3739 ὅ ὅς hós R-NSN is G1510 ἐστιν εἰμί eimí V-PAI-3S of the angel G32 ἀγγέλου ἄγγελος ángelos N-GSM
18 The wall was made of jasper, and the city itself of pure gold, as pure as glass.
καὶ ἡ ἐνδώμησις τοῦ τείχους αὐτῆς ἴασπις καὶ ἡ πόλις χρυσίον καθαρὸν ὅμοιον ὑάλῳ καθαρῷ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 ἡ ὁ ho T-NSF structure G1739 ἐνδώμησις ἐνδόμησις endómēsis N-NSF of the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho T-GSN wall G5038 τείχους τεῖχος teîchos N-GSN of it G846 αὐτῆς αὐτός autós P-GSF [was] jasper G2393 ἴασπις íaspis N-NSF and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 ἡ ὁ ho T-NSF city G4172 πόλις pólis N-NSF gold G5553 χρυσίον chrysíon N-NSN pure G2513 καθαρὸν καθαρός katharós A-NSN like G3664 ὅμοιον ὅμοιος hómoios A-NSN as glass G5194 ὑάλῳ ὕαλος hýalos N-DSM clear G2513 καθαρῷ καθαρός katharós A-DSM
19 The foundations of the city walls were adorned with every kind of precious stone: The first foundation was jasper, the second sapphire, the third chalcedony, the fourth emerald,
οἱ θεμέλιοι τοῦ τείχους τῆς πόλεως παντὶ λίθῳ τιμίῳ κεκοσμημένοι ὁ θεμέλιος ὁ πρῶτος ἴασπις ὁ δεύτερος σάπφιρος ὁ τρίτος χαλκηδών ὁ τέταρτος σμάραγδος
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing the G3588 οἱ ὁ ho T-NPM foundations G2310 θεμέλιοι θεμέλιος themélios N-NPM of the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho T-GSN wall G5038 τείχους τεῖχος teîchos N-GSN of the G3588 τῆς ὁ ho T-GSF city G4172 πόλεως πόλις pólis N-GSF with every G3956 παντὶ πᾶς pâs A-DSM stone G3037 λίθῳ λίθος líthos N-DSM precious G5093 τιμίῳ τίμιος tímios A-DSM adorned G2885 κεκοσμημένοι κοσμέω kosméō V-RPP-NPM the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM foundation G2310 θεμέλιος themélios N-NSM the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM first G4413 πρῶτος prōtos A-NSM jasper G2393 ἴασπις íaspis N-NSF the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM second G1208 δεύτερος deúteros A-NSM sapphire G4552 σάπφιρος σάπφειρος sáppheiros N-NSF the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM third G5154 τρίτος trítos A-NSM chalcedony G5472 χαλκηδών chalkēdṓn N-NSM the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM fourth G5067 τέταρτος tétartos A-NSM emerald G4665 σμάραγδος smáragdos N-NSM
20 the fifth sardonyx, the sixth carnelian, the seventh chrysolite, the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase, the eleventh jacinth, and the twelfth amethyst.
ὁ πέμπτος σαρδόνυξ ὁ ἕκτος σάρδιον ὁ ἕβδομος χρυσόλιθος ὁ ὄγδοος βήρυλλος ὁ ἔνατος τοπάζιον ὁ δέκατος χρυσόπρασος ὁ ἑνδέκατος ὑάκινθος ὁ δωδέκατος ἀμέθυστος
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM fifth G3991 πέμπτος pémptos A-NSM sardonyx G4557 σαρδόνυξ sardónyx N-NSM the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM sixth G1623 ἕκτος héktos A-NSM sardius G4556 σάρδιον σάρδιος sárdios N-NSN the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM seventh G1442 ἕβδομος hébdomos A-NSM chrysolite G5555 χρυσόλιθος chrysólithos N-NSM the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM eighth G3590 ὄγδοος ógdoos A-NSM beryl G969 βήρυλλος bḗryllos N-NSM the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM ninth G1766 ἔνατος ἔννατος énnatos A-NSM topaz G5116 τοπάζιον topázion N-NSN the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM tenth G1182 δέκατος dékatos A-NSM chrysoprase G5556 χρυσόπρασος chrysóprasos N-NSM the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM eleventh G1734 ἑνδέκατος hendékatos A-NSM jacinth G5192 ὑάκινθος hyákinthos N-NSM the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM twelfth G1428 δωδέκατος dōdékatos A-NSM amethyst G271 ἀμέθυστος améthystos N-NSF
21 And the twelve gates were twelve pearls, with each gate consisting of a single pearl. The main street of the city was pure gold, as clear as glass.
καὶ οἱ δώδεκα πυλῶνες δώδεκα μαργαρῖται ἀνὰ εἷς ἕκαστος τῶν πυλώνων ἦν ἐξ ἑνὸς μαργαρίτου καὶ ἡ πλατεῖα τῆς πόλεως χρυσίον καθαρὸν ὡς ὕαλος διαυγής
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 οἱ ὁ ho T-NPM twelve G1427 δώδεκα dṓdeka A-NPM-NUI gates [were] G4440 πυλῶνες πυλών pylṓn N-NPM twelve G1427 δώδεκα dṓdeka A-NPM-NUI pearls G3135 μαργαρῖται μαργαρίτης margarítēs N-NPM each G303 ἀνὰ ἀνά aná PREP one G1520 εἷς heîs A-NSM each G1538 ἕκαστος hékastos A-NSM of the G3588 τῶν ὁ ho T-GPM gates G4440 πυλώνων πυλών pylṓn N-GPM was G1510 ἦν εἰμί eimí V-IAI-3S of G1537 ἐξ ἐκ ek PREP one G1520 ἑνὸς εἷς heîs A-GSM pearl G3135 μαργαρίτου μαργαρίτης margarítēs N-GSM and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 ἡ ὁ ho T-NSF street G4116 πλατεῖα πλατύς platýs A-NSF of the G3588 τῆς ὁ ho T-GSF city G4172 πόλεως πόλις pólis N-GSF gold G5553 χρυσίον chrysíon N-NSN pure G2513 καθαρὸν καθαρός katharós A-NSN as G5613 ὡς hōs CONJ glass G5194 ὕαλος hýalos N-NSM translucent G6897 διαυγής A-NSM
22 But I saw no temple in the city, because the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are its temple.
Καὶ ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον ἐν αὐτῇ ὁ γὰρ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ ναὸς αὐτῆς ἐστιν καὶ τὸ ἀρνίον
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 Καὶ καί kaí CONJ temple G3485 ναὸν ναός naós N-ASM not G3756 οὐκ οὐ ou PRT-N I saw G1492 εἶδον εἴδω eídō V-2AAI-1S in G1722 ἐν en PREP it G846 αὐτῇ αὐτός autós P-DSF the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM for G1063 γὰρ γάρ gár CONJ the Lord G2962 κύριος kýrios N-NSM the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM God G2316 θεὸς θεός theós N-NSM the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM Almighty G3841 παντοκράτωρ pantokrátōr N-NSM temple G3485 ναὸς ναός naós N-NSM of it G846 αὐτῆς αὐτός autós P-GSF is G1510 ἐστιν εἰμί eimí V-PAI-3S and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 τὸ ὁ ho T-NSN Lamb G721 ἀρνίον arníon N-NSN
23 And the city has no need of sun or moon to shine on it, because the glory of God illuminates the city, and the Lamb is its lamp.
καὶ ἡ πόλις οὐ χρείαν ἔχει τοῦ ἡλίου οὐδὲ τῆς σελήνης ἵνα φαίνωσιν αὐτῇ ἡ γὰρ δόξα τοῦ θεοῦ ἐφώτισεν αὐτήν καὶ ὁ λύχνος αὐτῆς τὸ ἀρνίον
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 ἡ ὁ ho T-NSF city G4172 πόλις pólis N-NSF no G3756 οὐ ou PRT-N need G5532 χρείαν χρεία chreía N-ASF has G2192 ἔχει ἔχω échō V-PAI-3S of the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho T-GSM sun G2246 ἡλίου ἥλιος hḗlios N-GSM nor G3761 οὐδὲ οὐδέ oudé CONJ-N of the G3588 τῆς ὁ ho T-GSF moon G4582 σελήνης σελήνη selḗnē N-GSF that G2443 ἵνα hína CONJ they may shine G5316 φαίνωσιν φαίνω phaínō V-PAS-3P in it G846 αὐτῇ αὐτός autós P-DSF the G3588 ἡ ὁ ho T-NSF for G1063 γὰρ γάρ gár CONJ glory G1391 δόξα dóxa N-NSF the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho T-GSM of God G2316 θεοῦ θεός theós N-GSM enlightened G5461 ἐφώτισεν φωτίζω phōtízō V-AAI-3S it G846 αὐτήν αὐτός autós P-ASF and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM lamp G3088 λύχνος lýchnos N-NSM of it G846 αὐτῆς αὐτός autós P-GSF [is] the G3588 τὸ ὁ ho T-NSN Lamb G721 ἀρνίον arníon N-NSN
24 By its light the nations will walk, and into it the kings of the earth will bring their glory.
καὶ περιπατήσουσιν τὰ ἔθνη διὰ τοῦ φωτὸς αὐτῆς καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς φέρουσιν τὴν δόξαν αὐτῶν εἰς αὐτήν
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ will walk G4043 περιπατήσουσιν περιπατέω peripatéō V-FAI-3P the G3588 τὰ ὁ ho T-NPN nations G1484 ἔθνη ἔθνος éthnos N-NPN through G1223 διὰ διά diá PREP the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho T-GSN light G5457 φωτὸς φῶς phōs N-GSN of it G846 αὐτῆς αὐτός autós P-GSF and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 οἱ ὁ ho T-NPM kings G935 βασιλεῖς βασιλεύς basileús N-NPM of the G3588 τῆς ὁ ho T-GSF earth G1093 γῆς γῆ gē N-GSF bring G5342 φέρουσιν φέρω phérō V-PAI-3P the G3588 τὴν ὁ ho T-ASF glory G1391 δόξαν δόξα dóxa N-ASF of them G846 αὐτῶν αὐτός autós P-GPM into G1519 εἰς eis PREP it G846 αὐτήν αὐτός autós P-ASF
25 Its gates will never be shut at the end of the day, because there will be no night there.
καὶ οἱ πυλῶνες αὐτῆς οὐ μὴ κλεισθῶσιν ἡμέρας νὺξ γὰρ οὐκ ἔσται ἐκεῖ
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 οἱ ὁ ho T-NPM gates G4440 πυλῶνες πυλών pylṓn N-NPM of it G846 αὐτῆς αὐτός autós P-GSF certainly G3756 οὐ ou PRT-N not G3361 μὴ μή mḗ PRT-N may be shut G2808 κλεισθῶσιν κλείω kleíō V-APS-3P by day G2250 ἡμέρας ἡμέρα hēméra N-GSF night G3571 νὺξ νύξ nýx N-NSF for G1063 γὰρ γάρ gár CONJ not G3756 οὐκ οὐ ou PRT-N will be G1510 ἔσται εἰμί eimí V-FDI-3S there G1563 ἐκεῖ ekeî ADV
26 And into the city will be brought the glory and honor of the nations.
καὶ οἴσουσιν τὴν δόξαν καὶ τὴν τιμὴν τῶν ἐθνῶν εἰς αὐτήν
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ they will bring G5342 οἴσουσιν φέρω phérō V-FAI-3P the G3588 τὴν ὁ ho T-ASF glory G1391 δόξαν δόξα dóxa N-ASF and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the G3588 τὴν ὁ ho T-ASF honor G5092 τιμὴν τιμή timḗ N-ASF of the G3588 τῶν ὁ ho T-GPN nations G1484 ἐθνῶν ἔθνος éthnos N-GPN into G1519 εἰς eis PREP it G846 αὐτήν αὐτός autós P-ASF
27 But nothing unclean will ever enter it, nor anyone who practices an abomination or a lie, but only those whose names are written in the Lamb’s Book of Life.
καὶ οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ εἰς αὐτὴν πᾶν κοινὸν καὶ ὁ ποιῶν βδέλυγμα καὶ ψεῦδος εἰ μὴ οἱ γεγραμμένοι ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ ἀρνίου
English Strong's Original · Root · Transliteration Parsing And G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ certainly G3756 οὐ ou PRT-N not G3361 μὴ μή mḗ PRT-N may enter G1525 εἰσέλθῃ εἰσέρχομαι eisérchomai V-2AAS-3S into G1519 εἰς eis PREP it G846 αὐτὴν αὐτός autós P-ASF anything G3956 πᾶν πᾶς pâs A-NSN unsanctified G2839 κοινὸν κοινός koinós A-NSN and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ the [one] G3588 ὁ ho T-NSM practicing G4160 ποιῶν ποιέω poiéō V-PAP-NSM abomination G946 βδέλυγμα bdélygma N-ASN and G2532 καὶ καί kaí CONJ a lie G5579 ψεῦδος pseûdos N-ASN only G1487 εἰ ei CONJ except G3361 μὴ μή mḗ PRT-N those G3588 οἱ ὁ ho T-NPM written G1125 γεγραμμένοι γράφω gráphō V-RPP-NPM in G1722 ἐν en PREP the G3588 τῷ ὁ ho T-DSN book G975 βιβλίῳ βιβλίον biblíon N-DSN the G3588 τῆς ὁ ho T-GSF of life G2222 ζωῆς ζωή zōḗ N-GSF of the G3588 τοῦ ὁ ho T-GSN lamb G721 ἀρνίου ἀρνίον arníon N-GSN
Revelation 22
Study Notes — Revelation 21
6 sectionsRevelation 21 presents the climactic vision of God's eternal kingdom—the new heavens and new earth, and the descent of the holy city, New Jerusalem. This chapter shifts from judgment and conflict to restoration and communion, revealing that God's redemptive plan culminates not in disembodied souls floating in an ethereal heaven, but in a renewed creation where God dwells permanently with His people. The detailed description of the city—its gates, foundations, walls, and precious materials—demonstrates the absolute perfection and beauty of God's final dwelling place. Throughout, the passage emphasizes the elimination of suffering, the permanence of God's presence, and the decisive separation between the redeemed and the lost.
John witnesses the fundamental renewal of all things. The old heavens and earth pass away (v. 1), and the new Jerusalem descends as a bride prepared for her husband (v. 2). The disappearance of the sea—which in biblical imagery often represents chaos and separation—symbolizes the final removal of all barriers between God and His people. The great voice from heaven (v. 3) announces the fulfillment of God's ancient promise: His tabernacle (His dwelling place) is now permanently with mankind. This echoes Exodus and the entire Old Testament longing for God's presence.
Verse 4 is the emotional heart of the chapter: God personally wipes away every tear, and death, sorrow, pain, and crying cease forever. This is not metaphorical comfort—it is the literal end of human suffering. The declaration "Behold, I make all things new" (v. 5) comes from the One seated on the throne, emphasizing divine sovereignty and completeness. John is commanded to write these words because they are utterly reliable and will certainly come to pass.
Christ (the Alpha and Omega, the beginning and end) announces that all things are accomplished and offers the water of life freely to the thirsty (v. 6). This echoes His words at Calvary ("It is finished") and His earlier invitation in John 7:37. Verse 7 presents the promise to overcomers: they inherit all things and enjoy an eternal father-son relationship with God.
However, verse 8 provides a necessary counterbalance. Those characterized by fear of God, unbelief, abomination, murder, sexual immorality, sorcery, idolatry, and lying have their portion in the lake of fire—the second death. This is not a harsh addendum but a solemn reminder that eternal life is received by faith and repentance, not earned by human effort.
One of the seven angels invites John to witness the Lamb's wife—the church in its glorified state (v. 9). The city descends from God out of heaven (v. 10), radiating His glory with the brilliance of pure jasper crystal (v. 11). The twelve gates bear the names of Israel's tribes, and the twelve foundations display the names of the apostles (vv. 12–14). This integration of Old and New Testaments within the city's architecture symbolizes the unity of God's redeemed people across all ages.
The angel measures the city with a golden reed (v. 15). Its perfect cube shape—approximately 1,400 miles on each side—suggests completeness and holiness (similar to the Holy of Holies in Solomon's Temple). The walls are jasper, the streets pure gold like transparent glass (vv. 18–21), and the twelve foundations are adorned with every conceivable precious stone. This extravagant beauty reflects the infinite worth of Christ and the glory awaiting His church.
Remarkably, there is no temple building because God Himself and the Lamb are the temple (v. 22). Direct access to God—the ultimate goal of all Old Testament worship—is finally realized. The city needs no sun or moon because God's glory provides all light (v. 23). The redeemed nations walk in this light and bring their honor into the city (vv. 24–26), yet anything defiled or false is forever excluded—only those written in the Lamb's book of life enter (v. 27).
Revelation 21 anchors Christian hope in concrete reality. We do not merely hope for escape from this world, but for its restoration and our eternal presence within it. This should motivate believers to live soberly and righteously now, to overcome through faith, and to long genuinely for Christ's return. When suffering, loss, or grief press upon you, remember that God has promised to wipe every tear away. And when tempted to compromise with sin, remember that only those written in the Lamb's book of life will enter that city—a book filled by faith in Jesus Christ alone.