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Proverbs 18

BSB·24 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1He who isolates himselfנִפְרָ֑דnip̄·rāḏ — to separate, divide, or disperseH6504 — Full Word Study → pursuesיְבַקֵּ֣שׁyə·ḇaq·qêš — To seek, search for, or request earnestlyH1245 — Full Word Study → selfish desiresלְֽ֭תַאֲוָהlə·ṯa·’ă·wāh — Strong desire; craving; longingH8378 — Full Word Study →; he rebelsיִתְגַּלָּֽע׃yiṯ·gal·lā‘ — to quarrel, strive, or meddleH1566 — Full Word Study → against allבְּכָל־bə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → sound judgmentתּ֝וּשִׁיָּ֗הtū·šî·yāh — Wisdom, sound counsel, practical understandingH8454 — Full Word Study →. 2A foolכְּ֭סִילkə·sîl — fool, foolish personH3684 — Full Word Study → does notלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → delightיַחְפֹּ֣ץyaḥ·pōṣ — to delight in; to desire; to take pleasureH2654 — Full Word Study → in understandingבִּתְבוּנָ֑הbiṯ·ḇū·nāh — Prudent understanding; discernment and skillH8394 — Full Word Study →, but onlyכִּ֝֗יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → in airingבְּהִתְגַּלּ֥וֹתbə·hiṯ·gal·lō·wṯ — HeglamH1540 — Full Word Study → his opinionsלִבּֽוֹ׃lib·bōw — Heart; the center of emotion, will, and intellectH3820 — Full Word Study →. 3With a wicked man comesבְּֽבוֹא־bə·ḇō·w- — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → contemptבּ֑וּזbūz — Contempt, scorn, disgraceH937 — Full Word Study → as wellגַם־ḡam- — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study →, and shameקָל֥וֹןqā·lō·wn — Shame, dishonor, or disgraceH7036 — Full Word Study → is accompanied byוְֽעִם־wə·‘im- — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → disgraceחֶרְפָּֽה׃ḥer·pāh — Reproach, shame, insultH2781 — Full Word Study →. 4The wordsדִּבְרֵ֣יdiḇ·rê — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → of a man’sאִ֑ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → mouthפִי־p̄î- — Mouth; lips; edge; openingH6310 — Full Word Study → are deepעֲ֭מֻקִּים‘ă·muq·qîm — Deep, profound, abyssH6013 — Full Word Study → watersמַ֣יִםma·yim — Water; liquid; fluidsH4325 — Full Word Study →; the fountainמְק֣וֹרmə·qō·wr — A spring, fountain, or source of waterH4726 — Full Word Study → of wisdomחָכְמָֽה׃ḥāḵ·māh — Wisdom; skillful understanding and discernmentH2451 — Full Word Study → is a bubblingנֹ֝בֵ֗עַnō·ḇê·a‘ — to pour out, gush forth, utter abundantlyH5042 — Full Word Study → brookנַ֥חַלna·ḥal — A stream or winter torrent; a narrow valleyH5158 — Full Word Study →. 5Showing partialityשְׂאֵ֣תśə·’êṯ — To lift up, raise, or bear; to carry or supportH5375 — Full Word Study → to the wickedרָשָׁ֣עrā·šā‘ — wicked, guilty, morally corruptH7563 — Full Word Study → is notלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → goodט֑וֹבṭō·wḇ — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study →, nor is deprivingלְהַטּ֥וֹתlə·haṭ·ṭō·wṯ — to stretch out, extend, incline, bendH5186 — Full Word Study → the innocentצַ֝דִּ֗יקṣad·dîq — Righteous, just person; one who is right with GodH6662 — Full Word Study → of justiceבַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃bam·miš·pāṭ — Justice, judgment, or legal decisionH4941 — Full Word Study →. 6A fool’sכְ֭סִילḵə·sîl — fool, foolish personH3684 — Full Word Study → lipsשִׂפְתֵ֣יśip̄·ṯê — Lips; edge, border, or shoreH8193 — Full Word Study → bring himיָבֹ֣אֽוּyā·ḇō·’ū — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → strifeבְרִ֑יבḇə·rîḇ — Strife, contention, legal disputeH7379 — Full Word Study →, and his mouthוּ֝פִ֗יוū·p̄îw — Mouth; lips; edge; openingH6310 — Full Word Study → invitesיִקְרָֽא׃yiq·rā — To call, summon, or proclaimH7121 — Full Word Study → a beatingלְֽמַהֲלֻמ֥וֹתlə·ma·hă·lu·mō·wṯ — A blow or stripe; a wound from strikingH4112 — Full Word Study →. 7A fool’sכְ֭סִילḵə·sîl — fool, foolish personH3684 — Full Word Study → mouthפִּֽי־pî- — Mouth; lips; edge; openingH6310 — Full Word Study → is his ruinמְחִתָּה־mə·ḥit·tāh- — Terror, sudden fright, dismayH4288 — Full Word Study →, and his lipsוּ֝שְׂפָתָ֗יוū·śə·p̄ā·ṯāw — Lips; edge, border, or shoreH8193 — Full Word Study → are a snare to his soulנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃nap̄·šōw — soul, life, person, selfH5315 — Full Word Study →. 8The wordsדִּבְרֵ֣יdiḇ·rê — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → of a gossipנִ֭רְגָּןnir·gān — to grumble, murmur, complainH7279 — Full Word Study → are like choice morselsכְּמִֽתְלַהֲמִ֑יםkə·miṯ·la·hă·mîm — to swallow, engulf, or devourH3859 — Full Word Study → thatוְ֝הֵ֗םwə·hêm — They, them (masculine plural pronoun)H1992 — Full Word Study → go downיָרְד֥וּyā·rə·ḏū — To descend, go down, come downH3381 — Full Word Study → into the inmost beingחַדְרֵי־ḥaḏ·rê- — Inner room, private chamber, bedroomH2315 — Full Word Study →. 9Whoeverגַּ֭םgam — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → is slothfulמִתְרַפֶּ֣הmiṯ·rap·peh — to slacken, weaken, or grow feebleH7503 — Full Word Study → in his workבִמְלַאכְתּ֑וֹḇim·laḵ·tōw — Work, labor, occupation; manufactured goods or craftH4399 — Full Word Study → is brotherאָ֥ח’āḥ — Male sibling; brother; kinsmanH251 — Full Word Study → to himלְבַ֣עַלlə·ḇa·‘al — Master, owner, lord, husbandH1167 — Full Word Study → who destroysמַשְׁחִֽית׃maš·ḥîṯ — destruction, ruin, corruptionH4889 — Full Word Study →. 10The nameשֵׁ֣םšêm — Name; reputation; renownH8034 — Full Word Study → of the LORDיְהוָ֑הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → is a strongעֹ֭ז‘ōz — Strength, power, or mightH5797 — Full Word Study → towerמִגְדַּל־miḡ·dal- — Tower; fortified structure; strongholdH4026 — Full Word Study →; the righteousצַדִּ֣יקṣad·dîq — Righteous, just person; one who is right with GodH6662 — Full Word Study → runיָר֖וּץyā·rūṣ — to run; move swiftlyH7323 — Full Word Study → to it and are safeוְנִשְׂגָּֽב׃wə·niś·gāḇ — to set on high, to be exalted, to defend or protectH7682 — Full Word Study →. 11A richעָ֭שִׁיר‘ā·šîr — A wealthy or rich person; one possessing abundant resourcesH6223 — Full Word Study → man’s wealthה֣וֹןhō·wn — Wealth, substance, possessions, or material resourcesH1952 — Full Word Study → is his fortifiedעֻזּ֑וֹ‘uz·zōw — Strength, power, or mightH5797 — Full Word Study → cityקִרְיַ֣תqir·yaṯ — Town or city, especially fortified settlementH7151 — Full Word Study →; it is like a highנִ֝שְׂגָּבָ֗הniś·gā·ḇāh — to set on high, to be exalted, to defend or protectH7682 — Full Word Study → wallוּכְחוֹמָ֥הū·ḵə·ḥō·w·māh — A fortified wall or defensive barrierH2346 — Full Word Study → in his imaginationבְּמַשְׂכִּיתֽוֹ׃bə·maś·kî·ṯōw — Image, picture, or mental conceptionH4906 — Full Word Study →. 12Beforeלִפְנֵי־lip̄·nê·še- — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → his downfallשֶׁ֭בֶרše·b̲er — Breaking, fracture, or shattering; destruction or ruinH7667 — Full Word Study → a man’sאִ֑ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → heartלֵב־lêḇ- — Heart; the center of emotion, will, and intellectH3820 — Full Word Study → is proudיִגְבַּ֣הּyiḡ·bah — to rise up, exalt, or be proud; to make highH1361 — Full Word Study →, but humilityעֲנָוָֽה׃‘ă·nā·wāh — Humility, meekness, gentleness of spiritH6038 — Full Word Study → comes beforeוְלִפְנֵ֖יwə·lip̄·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → honorכָב֣וֹדḵā·ḇō·wḏ — weightiness, honor, splendor, gloryH3519 — Full Word Study →. 13He who answersמֵשִׁ֣יבmê·šîḇ — to turn back, return, restoreH7725 — Full Word Study → a matterדָּ֭בָרdā·ḇār — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → beforeבְּטֶ֣רֶםbə·ṭe·rem — before, ere, prior to, not yetH2962 — Full Word Study → he hears it— thisהִיא־hî- — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → is folly and disgraceוּכְלִמָּֽה׃ū·ḵə·lim·māh — Shame, dishonor, disgraceH3639 — Full Word Study → to him. 14The spiritרֽוּחַ־rū·aḥ- — Spirit, breath, wind, or inner dispositionH7307 — Full Word Study → of a manאִ֭ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → can endureיְכַלְכֵּ֣לyə·ḵal·kêl — to sustain, bear, hold up, containH3557 — Full Word Study → his sicknessמַחֲלֵ֑הוּma·ḥă·lê·hū — sickness, disease, infirmityH4245 — Full Word Study →, but whoמִ֣יmî — who? what person?H4310 — Full Word Study → can surviveיִשָּׂאֶֽנָּה׃yiś·śā·’en·nāh — To lift up, raise, or bear; to carry or supportH5375 — Full Word Study → a brokenנְ֝כֵאָ֗הnə·ḵê·’āh — Afflicted, wounded, struck downH5218 — Full Word Study → spiritוְר֥וּחַwə·rū·aḥ — Spirit, breath, wind, or inner dispositionH7307 — Full Word Study →? 15The heartלֵ֣בlêḇ — Heart; the center of emotion, will, and intellectH3820 — Full Word Study → of the discerningנָ֭בוֹןnā·ḇō·wn — To understand, discern, perceiveH995 — Full Word Study → acquiresיִקְנֶה־yiq·neh- — to acquire, buy, or possess through paymentH7069 — Full Word Study → knowledgeדָּ֑עַתdā·‘aṯ — Knowledge, understanding, awarenessH1847 — Full Word Study →, and the earוְאֹ֥זֶןwə·’ō·zen — Ear; the organ of hearing and listeningH241 — Full Word Study → of the wiseחֲ֝כָמִ֗יםḥă·ḵā·mîm — Wise, skilled, or cunning in understanding and discernmentH2450 — Full Word Study → seeksתְּבַקֶּשׁ־tə·ḇaq·qeš- — To seek, search for, or request earnestlyH1245 — Full Word Study → it outדָּֽעַת׃dā·‘aṯ — Knowledge, understanding, awarenessH1847 — Full Word Study →. 16A man’sאָ֭דָם’ā·ḏām — Man, mankind, human beingH120 — Full Word Study → giftמַתָּ֣ןmat·tān — A gift or present given to anotherH4976 — Full Word Study → opens doorsיַרְחִ֣יבyar·ḥîḇ — to enlarge, make wide, expandH7337 — Full Word Study → for him, and brings himיַנְחֶֽנּוּ׃yan·ḥen·nū — To lead, guide, direct with authorityH5148 — Full Word Study → beforeוְלִפְנֵ֖יwə·lip̄·nê — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study → great menגְדֹלִ֣יםḡə·ḏō·lîm — Great, mighty, large in size or significanceH1419 — Full Word Study →. 17The firstהָרִאשׁ֣וֹןhā·ri·šō·wn — First, foremost, or former; earliest in time or orderH7223 — Full Word Study → to state his caseבְּרִיב֑וֹbə·rî·ḇōw — Strife, contention, legal disputeH7379 — Full Word Study → seems rightצַדִּ֣יקṣad·dîq — Righteous, just person; one who is right with GodH6662 — Full Word Study → until anotherרֵ֝עֵ֗הוּneighbor, friend, companion, associateH7453 — Full Word Study → comesיָבֹאyå̄·ḇō — to come, go, enter, arriveH935 — Full Word Study → and cross-examines himוַחֲקָרֽוֹ׃wa·ḥă·qā·rōw — to search out, investigate, or examine thoroughlyH2713 — Full Word Study →. 18Casting the lotהַגּוֹרָ֑לhag·gō·w·rāl — lot, portion, inheritance, destinyH1486 — Full Word Study → endsיַשְׁבִּ֣יתyaš·bîṯ — to cease, rest, or desist from laborH7673 — Full Word Study → quarrelsמִ֭דְיָנִיםmiḏ·yā·nîm — Contention, strife, brawlingH4079 — Full Word Study → and separatesיַפְרִֽיד׃yap̄·rîḏ — to separate, divide, or disperseH6504 — Full Word Study → strong opponentsעֲצוּמִ֣ים‘ă·ṣū·mîm — Mighty, strong, powerfulH6099 — Full Word Study →. 19An offendedנִפְשָׁ֥עnip̄·šā‘ — To transgress, rebel, or violate a covenant or lawH6586 — Full Word Study → brother is harder to win than a fortifiedעֹ֑ז‘ōz — Strength, power, or mightH5797 — Full Word Study → cityמִקִּרְיַת־miq·qir·yaṯ- — Town or city, especially fortified settlementH7151 — Full Word Study →, and disputesוּמְדוֹנִיםū·mə·ḏō·nīm — Strife, quarreling, contentionH4066 — Full Word Study → are like the barsכִּבְרִ֥יחַkiḇ·rî·aḥ — bar, bolt, or fugitiveH1280 — Full Word Study → of a castleאַרְמֽוֹן׃’ar·mō·wn — Royal palace or fortified citadelH759 — Full Word Study →. 20From the fruitמִפְּרִ֣יmip·pə·rî — Fruit; produce; offspring; rewardH6529 — Full Word Study → of his mouthפִי־p̄î- — Mouth; lips; edge; openingH6310 — Full Word Study → a man’sאִ֭ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → bellyבִּטְנ֑וֹbiṭ·nōw — belly; womb; interior of the bodyH990 — Full Word Study → is filledתִּשְׂבַּ֣עtiś·ba‘ — to satisfy, fill, have enoughH7646 — Full Word Study →; with the harvestתְּבוּאַ֖תtə·ḇū·’aṯ — Produce, yield, or harvestH8393 — Full Word Study → from his lipsשְׂפָתָ֣יוśə·p̄ā·ṯāw — Lips; edge, border, or shoreH8193 — Full Word Study → he is satisfiedיִשְׂבָּֽע׃yiś·bā‘ — to satisfy, fill, have enoughH7646 — Full Word Study →. 21Lifeוְ֭חַיִּיםwə·ḥay·yîm — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study → and deathמָ֣וֶתmā·weṯ — death, the state of being deadH4194 — Full Word Study → are in the powerבְּיַד־bə·yaḏ- — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → of the tongueלָשׁ֑וֹןlā·šō·wn — Tongue; language; speechH3956 — Full Word Study →, and those who love it will eatיֹאכַ֥לyō·ḵal — to eat, consume, devourH398 — Full Word Study → its fruitפִּרְיָֽהּ׃pir·yāh — Fruit; produce; offspring; rewardH6529 — Full Word Study →. 22He who findsמָצָ֣אmā·ṣā — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study → a wifeאִ֭שָּׁה’iš·šāh — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study → findsמָ֣צָאmā·ṣā — to find, discover, obtainH4672 — Full Word Study → a good thingט֑וֹבṭō·wḇ — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study → and obtainsוַיָּ֥פֶקway·yā·p̄eq — to draw out, obtain, or secureH6329 — Full Word Study → favorרָ֝צ֗וֹןrā·ṣō·wn — Favor, pleasure, or acceptable willH7522 — Full Word Study → from the LORDמֵיְהוָֽה׃Yah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study →. 23The poor manרָ֑שׁrāš — To be poor, lack, or become destituteH7326 — Full Word Study → pleads for mercyתַּחֲנוּנִ֥יםta·ḥă·nū·nîm — Earnest plea; humble supplication or entreatyH8469 — Full Word Study →, but the rich manוְ֝עָשִׁ֗ירwə·‘ā·šîr — A wealthy or rich person; one possessing abundant resourcesH6223 — Full Word Study → answersיַעֲנֶ֥הya·‘ă·neh — To answer, respond, or testifyH6030 — Full Word Study → harshlyעַזּֽוֹת׃‘az·zō·wṯ — Strong, fierce, mightyH5794 — Full Word Study →. 24A manאִ֣ישׁ’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → of many companionsרֵ֭עִיםrê·‘îm — neighbor, friend, companion, associateH7453 — Full Word Study → may come to ruinלְהִתְרֹעֵ֑עַlə·hiṯ·rō·‘ê·a‘ — to break, spoil, or do evilH7489 — Full Word Study →, but there isוְיֵ֥שׁwə·yêš — there is, exists, has beingH3426 — Full Word Study → a friendאֹ֝הֵ֗ב’ō·hêḇ — To love; affection, attachment, or preferenceH157 — Full Word Study → who stays closerדָּבֵ֥קdā·ḇêq — to cling, cleave, or adhere closelyH1695 — Full Word Study → than a brotherמֵאָֽח׃mê·’āḥ — Male sibling; brother; kinsmanH251 — Full Word Study →.
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Chapter Commentary — Proverbs 18
Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview

Proverbs 18 presents a masterclass in the consequences of our speech and the value of genuine wisdom. Throughout this chapter, Solomon repeatedly emphasizes how our words shape our destiny—they can build us up or tear us down, bring us favor or ruin. Woven through these warnings about careless speech is an equally important theme: the pursuit of true understanding requires humility, listening, and a right relationship with God. This chapter calls believers to guard their tongues, cultivate wisdom, and recognize that our greatest security lies not in wealth or reputation, but in the name of the Lord.

Verses 1–5: The Isolating Pursuit and the Revealing Heart

Verse 1 describes a man driven by selfish desire who separates himself from community to pursue his own agenda. The Hebrew picture here is of someone who breaks away from wise counsel and community wisdom to chase personal gain. In contrast, verse 2 shows us the fool's real problem: he doesn't want understanding—he wants to display his own opinions. His heart reveals itself through constant talking.

Verses 3 and 5 warn against showing favoritism toward the wicked, which perverts justice and harms the righteous. Verse 4 offers a beautiful contrast: genuinely wise words are like deep, refreshing water—they nourish and sustain those who hear them.

Application: We must resist the impulse to isolate ourselves from correction and community. Do you listen to wise counsel, or do you primarily seek people who affirm your views?

Verses 6–12: The Fool's Mouth and the Pride Before the Fall

Verses 6 and 7 paint a sobering portrait: the fool's lips lead him directly into conflict and destruction. His mouth becomes a snare that captures his own soul. This isn't arbitrary punishment—it's the natural consequence of unguarded speech. Verse 8 extends this warning to talebearers: their gossiping words lodge deep within people's hearts like wounds that fester.

Verse 9 links laziness to wastefulness—both squander what God has entrusted to us. Then comes one of Scripture's most important promises: verse 10. The name of the Lord—His character, His power, His protection—is a strong tower. The righteous run into it and find safety. This stands in stark contrast to verse 11, where the rich man's wealth becomes a false tower, a deceptive security born of pride. Verse 12 captures the spiritual principle perfectly: pride precedes destruction, but humility precedes honor.

Application: What is your real refuge in crisis—God or your resources? Cultivate humility now, before pride brings a fall.

Verses 13–18: Listening, Knowledge, and Resolving Disputes

Verse 13 condemns answering before listening—a mark of foolishness and shame. The wise person, by contrast, listens first (verse 15). Verse 14 reminds us that while inner resilience can carry us through physical hardship, a wounded spirit—damage to our deepest self—is almost unbearable. This underscores the serious impact of harsh words and broken relationships.

Verses 16–18 address practical matters: a gift can open doors and create opportunity (verse 16), but we must be careful not to trust our own version of events too quickly (verse 17). Verse 18 notes that casting lots was an ancient way to resolve disputes when human wisdom reached an impasse.

Application: Practice listening before you speak. Protect others' spirits as carefully as you'd protect their physical health.

Verses 19–24: The Fruit of Words and the Gift of Friendship

Verse 19 warns that broken relationships—especially with family—are harder to repair than breaking into a fortified city. Verses 20–21 return to the central theme: our words feed us. We consume the fruit of our speech, and the tongue holds power over life and death itself. Those who love their words will reap what they sow.

Verse 22 offers a precious promise: finding a wife is finding God's goodness and favor—a reminder that godly relationships are divine gifts. Verse 23 notes that social position shapes how we're heard. Finally, verse 24 concludes with friendship's paradox: to have friends, we must show ourselves friendly, and the truest friend is closer than family—a picture that Christians see fulfilled in Jesus.

Application: Guard your tongue as though it determines your future—because it does. Invest in genuine, faithful friendships.

Application for Today

In our age of instant social media and constant communication, Proverbs 18 speaks urgently. Our words genuinely shape our lives and others' lives. Before you post, speak, or forward gossip, pause. Listen more than you talk. Build your security on God's character, not your wealth or status. And nurture deep friendships marked by loyalty and truth. This is the path to wisdom and safety.

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