Overview
The Medes were an Indo-European people who established a powerful empire in ancient Mesopotamia. By the time of Esther, Media had been incorporated into the Persian Empire, creating a unified kingdom of considerable influence and reach. The laws and customs of the Medes and Persians were known for their immutability and authority throughout the known world.
Key Scriptures
"King Ahasuerus sat on his royal throne in the citadel of Susa. In the third year of his reign he gave a banquet for all his officials and servants. The military leaders of Persia and Media, the nobles and princes of the provinces were present before him" (Esther 1:2-3, ESV).
"The wise men who knew the times said to the king... 'According to the law, what should be done to Queen Vashti?'" (Esther 1:13-15, ESV). The Persian-Median legal system was considered binding and unchangeable.
Application
Consider how God's sovereignty works through earthly kingdoms and their laws to accomplish His purposes in protecting His people.