Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)
Is “any want of conformity unto or transgression of the law of God” (1 John 3:4; Rom. 4:15), in the inward state and habit of the soul, as well as in the outward conduct of the life, whether by omission or commission (Rom. 6:12-17; 7:5-24). It is “not a mere violation of the law of our constitution, nor of the system of things, but an offence against a personal lawgiver and moral governor who vindicates his law with penalties.
The soul that sins is always conscious that his sin is (1) intrinsically vile and polluting, and (2) that it justly deserves punishment, and calls down the righteous wrath of God. ”, Hodge’s Outlines. The moral character of a man’s actions is determined by the moral state of his heart. The disposition to sin, or the habit of the soul that leads to the sinful act, is itself also sin (Rom. 6:12-17; Gal. 5:17; James 1:14, 15). The origin of sin is a mystery, and must for ever remain such to us.
It is plain that for some reason God has permitted sin to enter this world, and that is all we know. His permitting it, however, in no way makes God the author of sin. Adam’s sin (Gen. 3:1-6) consisted in his yielding to the assaults of temptation and eating the forbidden fruit. It involved in it, (1) the sin of unbelief, virtually making God a liar; and (2) the guilt of disobedience to a positive command. By this sin he became an apostate from God, a rebel in arms against his Creator.
He lost the favour of God and communion with him; his whole nature became depraved, and he incurred the penalty involved in the covenant of works. Original sin. ” Adam was constituted by God the federal head and representative of all his posterity, as he was also their natural head, and therefore when he fell they fell with him (Rom. 5:12-21; 1 Cor. 15:22-45). His probation was their probation, and his fall their fall. , (1) a state of moral corruption, and (2) of guilt, as having judicially imputed to them the guilt of Adam’s first sin.
“Original sin” is frequently and properly used to denote only the moral corruption of their whole nature inherited by all men from Adam. This inherited moral corruption consists in, (1) the loss of original righteousness; and (2) the presence of a constant proneness to evil, which is the root and origin of all actual sin. It is called “sin” (Rom. 6:12, 14, 17; 7:5-17), the “flesh” (Gal. 5:17, 24), “lust” (James 1:14, 15), the “body of sin” (Rom. 6:6), “ignorance,” “blindness of heart,” “alienation from the life of God” (Eph. 4:18, 19).
It influences and depraves the whole man, and its tendency is still downward to deeper and deeper corruption, there remaining no recuperative element in the soul. It is a total depravity, and it is also universally inherited by all the natural descendants of Adam (Rom. 3:10-23; 5:12-21; 8:7). Pelagians deny original sin, and regard man as by nature morally and spiritually well; semi-Pelagians regard him as morally sick; Augustinians, or, as they are also called, Calvinists, regard man as described above, spiritually dead (Eph. 2:1; 1 John 3:14).
) From the fact of the universal sinfulness of men. “There is no man that sinneth not” (1 Kings 8:46; Isa. 53:6; Ps. 130:3; Rom. 3:19, 22, 23; Gal. 3:22). ) From the total depravity of man. All men are declared to be destitute of any principle of spiritual life; man’s apostasy from God is total and complete (Job 15:14-16; Gen. 6:5, 6). ) From its early manifestation (Ps. 58:3; Prov. 22:15). ) It is proved also from the necessity, absolutely and universally, of regeneration (John 3:3; 2 Cor. 5:17). ) From the universality of death (Rom. 5:12-20).
, defiant acts of sin, in contrast with “errors” or “inadvertencies” (Ps. 19:13). , hidden sins (19:12); sins which escape the notice of the soul. ), or a “sin unto death” (Matt. 12:31, 32; 1 John 5:16), which amounts to a wilful rejection of grace. Sin, a city in Egypt, called by the Greeks Pelusium, which means, as does also the Hebrew name, “clayey” or “muddy,” so called from the abundance of clay found there. It is called by Ezekel (Ezek. 30:15) “the strength of Egypt, “thus denoting its importance as a fortified city.
It has been identified with the modern Tineh, “a miry place,” where its ruins are to be found.
Smith's Bible Dictionary (1863)
a city of Egypt, mentioned only by Ezekiel. (Ezekiel 30:15,16) The name is Hebrew, or at least Semitic, perhaps signifying clay . It is identified in the Vulgate with Pelusium, “the clayey or muddy” town. Its antiquity may perhaps be inferred from the mention of “the wilderness of Sin” in the journeys of the Israelites. ” (Ezekiel 30:15) This place was held by Egypt from that time until the period of the Romans. Herodotus relates that Sennacherib advanced against Pelusium, and that near Pelusium Cambyses defeated Psammenitus.
In like manner the decisive battle in which Ochus defeated the last native king, Nectanebes, was fought near this city.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible (1898)
SIN, Gen 4:7, is the transgression of the law of God. 1 John 3:4. All unrighteousness is sin. 1 John 5:17. The word is sometimes used for a sin offering, as in Hos 4:8;Rom 8:3; 2 Cor 5:21. In the text first cited reference is had to the eating, either from greediness or in violation of the Law, of that which was brought as a sin offering. The Bible traces the introduction of sin to the fall of our first parents. There is none sinless. But sins differ in enormity. " 1 John 5:16. The verse teaches that a man can drive out God's Spirit from his heart and cut himself off from all intercession.
There is also an "unpardonable" sin. Matt 12:31-32. This is the result of absolute resistance to the operation and influence of the Holy Spirit upon the heart; it is final impenitence, excluding the possibility of conversion, and hence of forgiveness.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible (1898)
SIN (mire), a city of Northern Egypt, known to the Greeks as Pelusium. " Eze 30:15-16. The city was situated upon the most easterly mouth of the Nile, only a few miles from the sea. A Sallier papyrus records a great battle at Sin between Barneses and the Sheta, and the reputed wonderful deliverance of Sethos from Sennacherib - when mice gnawed the Assyrian bowstrings and shields by night, rendering the arms of the Assyrians useless - took place near this town.
Herodotus reports a statue of Sethos with a mouse in his hands standing in Vulcan's temple, probably in commemoration of this deliverance by mice. Ezekiel's prophecy, "Sin shall have great pain," was fulfilled by the great cruelty inflicted upon the Egyptians by Cambyses, who conquered them near this city. The site of Sin, or Pelusium, may be marked by some mounds at el-Farma, though some suppose it is at Aboo Kheeyar, west of the old Pelusiac branch of the Nile.
Hitchcock's Bible Names (1869)
bush
Schaff's Bible Dictionary
SIN, WILDERNESS OF, a region between Elim and Rephidim. Ex 16:1; Ex 17:1; Num 33:11-12. Here the Israelites were first fed with manna and quails. The wilderness extends 25 miles along the east shore of the Red Sea, from Wady Taiyibeh to Wady Feiran; it is now called the plain of el-Markha. It is barren, but has a little vegetation, and when the rainfall was larger and the drainage from the mountain descended more gradually, instead of sweeping everything before it as now, it may have afforded fair pasturage. Travellers report seeing numerous quails upon this plain in modern times.