Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)
C. 65. C. 223. He is regarded as the “king of the north” referred to in Dan. 11:13-19. C. 175). His career and character are prophetically described by Daniel (11:21-32). ” In a spirit of revenge he organized an expedition against Jerusalem, which he destroyed, putting vast multitudes of its inhabitants to death in the most cruel manner. From this time the Jews began the great war of independence under their heroic Maccabean leaders with marked success, defeating the armies of Antiochus that were sent against them. C. 164).
Smith's Bible Dictionary (1863)
(an opponent), the name of a number of kings of Syria who lived during the interval between the Old and New Testaments, and had frequent connection with the Jews during that period. They are referred to in the Apocrypha especially in the books of the Maccabees.