Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)
Red, a Babylonian word, the generic name for man, having the same meaning in the Hebrew and the Assyrian languages. It was the name given to the first man, whose creation, fall, and subsequent history and that of his descendants are detailed in the first book of Moses (Gen. 1:27-ch. 5). “God created man [Heb., Adam] in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.” Adam was absolutely the first man whom
God created. He was formed out of the dust of the earth (and hence his name), and God breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and gave him dominion over all the lower creatures (Gen. 1:26; 2:7). He was placed after his creation in the Garden of Eden, to cultivate it, and to enjoy its fruits under this one prohibition: “Of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil thou shalt not eat of it; for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou
shalt surely die.” The first recorded act of Adam was his giving names to the beasts of the field and the fowls of the air, which God brought to him for this end. Thereafter the Lord caused a deep sleep to fall upon him, and while in an unconscious state took one of his ribs, and closed up his flesh again; and of this rib he made a woman, whom he presented to him when he awoke. Adam received her as his wife, and said, “This is now bone of my
bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man.” He called her Eve, because she was the mother of all living. Being induced by the tempter in the form of a serpent to eat the forbidden fruit, Eve persuaded Adam, and he also did eat. Thus man fell, and brought upon himself and his posterity all the sad consequences of his transgression. The narrative of the Fall comprehends in it the great promise of a
Deliverer (Gen. 3:15), the “first gospel” message to man. They were expelled from Eden, and at the east of the garden God placed a flame, which turned every way, to prevent access to the tree of life (Gen. 3). How long they were in Paradise is matter of mere conjecture. Shortly after their expulsion Eve brought forth her first-born, and called him Cain. Although we have the names of only three of Adam’s sons, viz., Cain, Abel, and Seth, yet
it is obvious that he had several sons and daughters (Gen. 5:4). He died aged 930 years. Adam and Eve were the progenitors of the whole human race. Evidences of varied kinds are abundant in proving the unity of the human race. The investigations of science, altogether independent of historical evidence, lead to the conclusion that God “hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth” (Acts 17:26. Comp. Rom.
5:12-12; 1 Cor. 15:22-49).
Smith's Bible Dictionary (1863)
a city on the Jordan, “beside Zaretan,” in the time of Joshua. (Joshua 3:16) Man, generically, for the name Adam was not confined to the father of the human race, but like homo was applicable to woman as well as to man . (Genesis 5:2) (red earth), the name given in Scripture to the first man. It apparently has reference to the ground from which he was formed, which is called in Hebrew Adamah . The idea of redness of color seems to be inherent
in either word. The creation of man was the work of the sixth day—the last and crowning act of creation. Adam was created (not born) a perfect man in body and spirit, but as innocent and completely inexperienced as a child. The man Adam was placed in a garden which the Lord God had planted “eastward in Eden,” for the purpose of dressing it and keeping it. [Eden] Adam was permitted to eat of the fruit of every tree in the garden but one,
which was called (“the tree of the knowledge of good and evil,” because it was the test of Adam’s obedience. By it Adam could know good and evil int he divine way, through obedience; thus knowing good by experience in resisting temptation and forming a strong and holy character, while he knew evil only by observation and inference. Or he could “know good and evil,” in Satan’s way, be experiencing the evil and knowing good only by
contrast. -ED.) The prohibition to taste the fruit of this tree was enforced by the menace of death. There was also another tree which was called “the tree of life.” While Adam was in the garden of Eden, the beasts of the field and the fowls of the air were brought to him to be named. After this the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon him, and took one of his ribs from him, which he fashioned into a woman and brought her to the man. At
this time they were both described as being naked without the consciousness of shame. By the subtlety of the serpent the woman who was given to be with Adam was beguiled into a violation of the one command which had been imposed upon them. She took of the fruit of the forbidden tree and gave it to her husband. The propriety of its name was immediately shown in the results which followed; self-consciousness was the first-fruits of sin their eyes
were opened and they knew that they were naked. Though the curse of Adam’s rebellion of necessity fell upon him, yet the very prohibition to eat of the tree of life after his transgression was probably a manifestation of divine mercy, because the greatest malediction of all would have been to have the gift of indestructible life super-added to a state of wretchedness and sin. The divine mercy was also shown in the promise of a deliverer given
at the very promise of a deliverer given at the very time the curse was imposed, (Genesis 3:15) and opening a door of hope to Paradise, regained for him and his descendants. Adam is stated to have lived 930 years. His sons mentioned in Scripture are Cain, Abel and Seth; it is implied, however, that he had others.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible (1898)
AD'AM (red earth), a city in the Jordan valley near Zaretan. Josh 3:16. It has been located at ed-Damieh, but Drake suggests Khurbet-el- Hamrath, or "the red ruin," 1 mile south of Tell Sarem.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible (1898)
ADAM (red, or earth-born). The word is used in the Bible in two senses : 1. Man generically, including woman (in the English Version translated man). Gen 1:26, Gen 1:27 ; Jud 5:1; Gen 6:1; Job 20:29: Job 21:33; Ps 68:18;Ps 76:10. Man historically, or, as a proper name, Adam individually, the first man, who was at the same time the representative man. Gen 2:7; Gen 3:8. Adam was not born, but created ; not in feeble, helpless infancy, but in the
maturity of his physical and intellectual nature ; not a sinful, diseased, dying creature, but pure and free from sin, yet liable to temptation and in need of trial in order to be confirmed in his innocence. He was the crown of creation, made on the sixth day, after the vegetable and animal world. Adam was the root of hu manity, and all that affected him affected his posterity. His sin tainted their blood and poisoned their nature; while the
Saviour promised to him was the Saviour of all who came after him. His mortality in consequence of sin has remained as a permanent fact in man; his immortality in consequence of faith upon the promised Saviour will be shared in by all of like belief. In him God put humanity to the test. If Adam had kept his first estate, the world would never have been darkened by sin and guilt. Adam was also the beginning of a new order of beings. He was of the
earth, earthy — the earth is called ada mah in Hebrew in Gen 2:7 — dust from dust, as to his physical organization, but into him God had breathed a living soul; he was an immortal spirit, made in the very "image and likeness of God." This is the noblest conception of man. The "image of God" means man's personality, his rational, moral, and immortal nature, which is destined for the glory and communion of God and for everlasting felicity. It
also includes dominion over the creatures. God created Eve to be a help meet for Adam. He dreamt of woman, and awaked to find her at his side. The pair lived together in happiness and innocence, the keepers of a garden which yielded abundantly of fruit and flowers for their nourishment and pleasure. The fruit of one tree only, the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, was forbidden to them. But the prohibition piqued their desire. Eve listened
to the specious arguments of Satan, who had come to her under the form of a serpent; "she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat." Gen 3:6; comp. 2 Cor 11:3 ; 1 Tim 2:14 ; John 8:44. In this simple language does the Bible describe the most momentous event in history previous to the birth of Christ. For then happened the Fall; sin was let loose to ravage the world; a blight had fallen upon
the race. The first proof of sin was shame. The wretched folly of all attempts to cover sin is symbolized by the fig-leaf aprons of our first parents; they were no coverings at all. The second proof of sin was their fear before God. They stood condemned, and owned his dreadful sentence just. They were banished from Paradise. The ground was cursed for their sake. In the hardship of toil and labor, in the care and suffering of childbirth and
parentage, they began to feel at once the woes their transgression involved. All the burdens of life, the heavy cross, sickness, disaster, trouble, death, come from the action of that fatal day. They are the dread reminders of our fallen state. Our first parents involved all their posterity in that ruin they first experienced. But in the narrative of the Fall there stands also the promise of a deliverer, the woman's seed (the son of Mary), who
should crush the serpent's head—that is, destroy the power of sin and Satan. Gen 3:15. This promise, which is called the "first gospel," was fulfilled in the Crucifixion. Christ is the second Adam, as Paul shows in Rom 5:12 ff. and 1 Cor 15:45. He undid the work of the first. He abolished the power of sin and death for believers, and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel. 2 Tim 1:10. The redemption by Christ is the glorious
solution of the fall of Adam. Christ has given us much more than we lost by Adam. Paradise regained is better than Paradise lost, and can never be lost again. God in his infinite wisdom and mercy overruled the fall of man for the revelation of his redeeming love, which in turn calls out the deepest gratitude and bliss of the redeemed.
Hitchcock's Bible Names (1869)
earthy; red
Schaff's Bible Dictionary
ADAM (red, or earth-born). The word is used in the Bible in two senses : 1. Man generically, including woman (in the English Version translated man). Gen 1:26, Gen 1:27 ; Jud 5:1; Gen 6:1; Job 20:29: Job 21:33; Ps 68:18;Ps 76:10. manity, and all that affected him affected his posterity. His sin tainted their blood and poisoned their nature; while the Saviour promised to him was the Saviour of all who came after him. His mortality in consequence
of sin has remained as a permanent fact in man; his immortality in consequence of faith upon the promised Saviour will be shared in by all of like belief. In him God put humanity to the test. If Adam had kept his first estate, the world would never have been darkened by sin and guilt. Adam was also the beginning of a new order of beings. He was of the earth, earthy — the earth is called ada mah in Hebrew in Gen 2:7 — dust from dust, as to his
physical organization, but into him God had breathed a living soul; he was an immortal spirit, made in the very "image and likeness of God." This is the noblest conception of man. The "image of God" means man's personality, his rational, moral, and immortal nature, which is destined for the glory and communion of God and for everlasting felicity. It also includes dominion over the creatures. God created Eve to be a help meet for Adam. He dreamt
of woman, and awaked to find her at his side. The pair lived together in happiness and innocence, the keepers of a garden which yielded abundantly of fruit and flowers for their nourishment and pleasure. The fruit of one tree only, the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, was forbidden to them. But the prohibition piqued their desire. Eve listened to the specious arguments of Satan, who had come to her under the form of a serpent; "she took of
the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat." Gen 3:6; comp. 2 Cor 11:3 ; 1 Tim 2:14 ; John 8:44. In this simple language does the Bible describe the most momentous event in history previous to the birth of Christ. For then happened the Fall; sin was let loose to ravage the world; a blight had fallen upon the race. The first proof of sin was shame. The wretched folly of all attempts to cover sin is
symbolized by the fig-leaf aprons of our first parents; they were no coverings at all. The second proof of sin was their fear before God. They stood condemned, and owned his dreadful sentence just. They were banished from Paradise. The ground was cursed for their sake. In the hardship of toil and labor, in the care and suffering of childbirth and parentage, they began to feel at once the woes their transgression involved. All the burdens of life,
the heavy cross, sickness, disaster, trouble, death, come from the action of that fatal day. They are the dread reminders of our fallen state. Our first parents involved all their posterity in that ruin they first experienced. But in the narrative of the Fall there stands also the promise of a deliverer, the woman's seed (the son of Mary), who should crush the serpent's head—that is, destroy the power of sin and Satan. Gen 3:15. This promise,
which is called the "first gospel," was fulfilled in the Crucifixion. Christ is the second Adam, as Paul shows in Rom 5:12 ff. and 1 Cor 15:45. He undid the work of the first. He abolished the power of sin and death for believers, and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel. 2 Tim 1:10. The redemption by Christ is the glorious solution of the fall of Adam. Christ has given us much more than we lost by Adam. Paradise regained is
better than Paradise lost, and can never be lost again. God in his infinite wisdom and mercy overruled the fall of man for the revelation of his redeeming love, which in turn calls out the deepest gratitude and bliss of the redeemed.