Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible (1898)
MOTH'ER. Besides in the literal sense, the word is used in the O.T. in reference to a grandmother, 1 Kgs 15:10, and a stepmother. Gen 37:10. It has also a poetical use, as applied to a political leader, Jud 5:7, a nation, as we say "mother-country." Jer 50:12; Eze 19:2. As the position of woman is always the test of the true civilization of a people, it is pleasing to notice in what respect and affection the mothers stood. See Prov 10:1; Gen
15:20; Prov 17:25; Prov 29:15; Prov 31:1, Prov 31:30, and compare the commands given by Moses. Ex 20:12; Deut 5:16; Gen 21:18, Deut 21:21; Lev 19:3. The queen-mother was in royal times a very much honored person. 1 Kgs 2:19. See Queen.