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Ezekiel 31

BSB·18 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1In the eleventhבְּאַחַ֤תbə·’a·ḥaṯ — One; unity; single; firstH259 — Full Word Study → yearשָׁנָ֔הšā·nāh — Year; period of time or ageH8141 — Full Word Study →, on the firstבְּאֶחָ֣דbə·’e·ḥāḏ — One; unity; single; firstH259 — Full Word Study → dayלַחֹ֑דֶשׁla·ḥō·ḏeš — A month; lunar period; new moonH2320 — Full Word Study → of the third monthבַּשְּׁלִישִׁ֖יbaš·šə·lî·šî — Third; one of three parts; third in rank or sequenceH7992 — Full Word Study →, the wordדְבַר־ḏə·ḇar- — word, matter, thing, affairH1697 — Full Word Study → of the LORDיְהוָ֖הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → cameהָיָ֥הhā·yāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → to meאֵלַ֥י’ê·lay — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study →, sayingלֵאמֹֽר׃lê·mōr — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, 2Sonבֶּן־ben- — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → of manאָדָ֕ם’ā·ḏām — Man, mankind, human beingH120 — Full Word Study →, sayאֱמֹ֛ר’ĕ·mōr — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → Pharaohפַּרְעֹ֥הpar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → kingמֶֽלֶךְ־me·leḵ- — A male ruler or sovereign who governs a nation or kingdomH4428 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִצְרַ֖יִםmiṣ·ra·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study → and toוְאֶל־wə·’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → his multitudeהֲמוֹנ֑וֹhă·mō·w·nōw — Crowd, tumult, noise, abundanceH1995 — Full Word Study →: ‘Whoמִ֖יmî — who? what person?H4310 — Full Word Study → can be comparedדָּמִ֥יתָdā·mî·ṯā — To resemble, liken, or compareH1819 — Full Word Study → to your greatnessבְגָדְלֶֽךָ׃ḇə·ḡā·ḏə·le·ḵā — Greatness, magnitude, splendorH1433 — Full Word Study →? 3Look atהִנֵּ֨הhin·nêh — Look! Behold! Pay attention!H2009 — Full Word Study → Assyriaאַשּׁ֜וּר’aš·šūr — Assyria, ancient empireH804 — Full Word Study →, a cedarאֶ֣רֶז’e·rez — cedar tree; cedar woodH730 — Full Word Study → in Lebanonבַּלְּבָנ֗וֹןbal·lə·ḇā·nō·wn — White mountainH3844 — Full Word Study →, with beautifulיְפֵ֥הyə·p̄êh — Beautiful, fair, or lovely in appearanceH3303 — Full Word Study → branchesעָנָ֛ף‘ā·nāp̄ — Branch or bough of a treeH6057 — Full Word Study → that shadedמֵצַ֖לmê·ṣal — to shade, overshadow, or grow darkH6751 — Full Word Study → the forestוְחֹ֥רֶשׁwə·ḥō·reš — A forest or wooded areaH2793 — Full Word Study →. It toweredוּגְבַ֣הּū·ḡə·ḇah — high, exalted, or lofty in position or characterH1364 — Full Word Study → on highקוֹמָ֑הqō·w·māh — Height, stature, or elevationH6967 — Full Word Study →; its topצַמַּרְתּֽוֹ׃ṣam·mar·tōw — Treetop, highest branch, or summit of a treeH6788 — Full Word Study → wasהָיְתָ֖הhā·yə·ṯāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → amongוּבֵ֣יןū·ḇên — between, among, in the midst ofH996 — Full Word Study → the cloudsעֲבֹתִ֔ים‘ă·ḇō·ṯîm — Cord, rope, or binding bandH5688 — Full Word Study →. 4The watersמַ֣יִםma·yim — Water; liquid; fluidsH4325 — Full Word Study → made it growגִּדְּל֔וּהוּgid·də·lū·hū — to grow, become great, magnifyH1431 — Full Word Study →; the deep springsתְּה֖וֹםtə·hō·wm — the deep, abyss, primordial watersH8415 — Full Word Study → made it tallרֹֽמְמָ֑תְהוּrō·mə·mā·ṯə·hū — To raise, lift up, exalt; to be highH7311 — Full Word Study →, directingהֹלֵךְ֙hō·lêḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → their streamsנַהֲרֹתֶ֗יהָna·hă·rō·ṯe·hā — River, StreamH5104 — Full Word Study → all aroundסְבִיב֣וֹתsə·ḇî·ḇō·wṯ — around, on all sides, encirclingH5439 — Full Word Study → its baseמַטָּעָ֔הּmaṭ·ṭā·‘āh — A plantation or planted field; cultivated growthH4302 — Full Word Study → and sendingשִׁלְחָ֔הšil·ḥāh — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → their channelsתְּעָלֹתֶ֣יהָtə·‘ā·lō·ṯe·hā — channel, conduit, or watercourse for irrigationH8585 — Full Word Study → toאֶ֖ל’el — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the treesעֲצֵ֥י‘ă·ṣê — Tree; wood; timberH6086 — Full Word Study → of the fieldהַשָּׂדֶֽה׃haś·śā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study →. 5Thereforeעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → it toweredגָּבְהָ֣אgā·ḇə·hā — to rise up, exalt, or be proud; to make highH1361 — Full Word Study → higherקֹמָת֔וֹqō·mā·ṯōw — Height, stature, or elevationH6967 — Full Word Study → than allמִכֹּ֖לmik·kōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the treesעֲצֵ֣י‘ă·ṣê — Tree; wood; timberH6086 — Full Word Study → of the fieldהַשָּׂדֶ֑הhaś·śā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study →. Its branchesסַֽרְעַפֹּתָ֜יוsar·‘ap·pō·ṯāw — Branch or bough of a treeH5634 — Full Word Study → multipliedוַתִּרְבֶּ֨ינָהwat·tir·be·nāh — To increase, multiply, grow abundantH7235 — Full Word Study →, and its boughsפֹארָתוֹp̄ō·rå̄·ṯō — Leafy bough; green branch with foliageH6288 — Full Word Study → grew longוַתֶּאֱרַ֧כְנָהwat·te·’ĕ·raḵ·nāh — to lengthen, prolong, or extend in time or spaceH748 — Full Word Study → as it spread them outבְּשַׁלְּחֽוֹ׃bə·šal·lə·ḥōw — to send, let go, releaseH7971 — Full Word Study → because of the abundantרַבִּ֖יםrab·bîm — great, many, abundant, mightyH7227 — Full Word Study → watersמִמַּ֥יִםmim·ma·yim — Water; liquid; fluidsH4325 — Full Word Study →. 6Allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the birdsע֣וֹף‘ō·wp̄ — birdH5775 — Full Word Study → of the airהַשָּׁמַ֔יִםhaš·šā·ma·yim — The heavens; sky; dwelling place of GodH8064 — Full Word Study → nestedקִֽנְנוּ֙qin·nū — to build or make a nestH7077 — Full Word Study → in its branchesבִּסְעַפֹּתָ֤יוbis·‘ap·pō·ṯāw — Branch or bough of a treeH5589 — Full Word Study →, and allכֹּ֖לkōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the beastsחַיַּ֣תḥay·yaṯ — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study → of the fieldהַשָּׂדֶ֑הhaś·śā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study → gave birthיָֽלְד֔וּyā·lə·ḏū — to give birth, beget, or bear a childH3205 — Full Word Study → beneathוְתַ֤חַתwə·ṯa·ḥaṯ — Under, beneath, instead of, in place ofH8478 — Full Word Study → its boughsפֹּֽארֹתָיו֙pō·rō·ṯāw — Leafy bough; green branch with foliageH6288 — Full Word Study →; allכֹּ֖לkōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the greatרַבִּֽים׃rab·bîm — great, many, abundant, mightyH7227 — Full Word Study → nationsגּוֹיִ֥םgō·w·yim — Nation; a people or ethnic groupH1471 — Full Word Study → livedיֵֽשְׁב֔וּyê·šə·ḇū — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → in its shadeוּבְצִלּוֹ֙ū·ḇə·ṣil·lōw — shadow; protection; shelterH6738 — Full Word Study →. 7It was beautifulוַיְּיִ֣ףway·yə·yip̄ — to be beautiful; to make fair or attractiveH3302 — Full Word Study → in its greatnessבְּגָדְל֔וֹbə·ḡā·ḏə·lōw — Greatness, magnitude, splendorH1433 — Full Word Study →, in the lengthבְּאֹ֖רֶךְbə·’ō·reḵ — Length, duration, or extensivenessH753 — Full Word Study → of its limbsדָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יוdā·lî·yō·w·ṯāw — Branch, tendril, or hanging vineH1808 — Full Word Study →, forכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → its rootsשָׁרְשׁ֖וֹšā·rə·šōw — Root; foundation; origin; bottomH8328 — Full Word Study → extendedהָיָ֥הhā·yāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → abundantרַבִּֽים׃rab·bîm — great, many, abundant, mightyH7227 — Full Word Study → watersמַ֥יִםma·yim — Water; liquid; fluidsH4325 — Full Word Study →. 8The cedarsאֲרָזִ֣ים’ă·rā·zîm — cedar tree; cedar woodH730 — Full Word Study → in the gardenבְּגַן־bə·ḡan- — Garden, cultivated plot of landH1588 — Full Word Study → of Godאֱלֹהִים֒’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → could notלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → rival itעֲמָמֻהוּ֮‘ă·mā·mu·hū — To become dark, dim, or obscured; to hide or concealH6004 — Full Word Study →; the cypressesבְּרוֹשִׁ֗יםbə·rō·wō·šîm — Cypress tree; wood prized for buildingH1265 — Full Word Study → could notלֹ֤אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → compareדָמוּ֙ḏā·mū — To resemble, liken, or compareH1819 — Full Word Study → withאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → its branchesסְעַפֹּתָ֔יוsə·‘ap·pō·ṯāw — Branch or bough of a treeH5589 — Full Word Study →, norלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → the plane treesוְעַרְמֹנִ֥יםwə·‘ar·mō·nîm — Plane tree; a large shade treeH6196 — Full Word Study → matchהָי֖וּhā·yū — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → its boughsכְּפֹֽארֹתָ֑יוkə·p̄ō·rō·ṯāw — Leafy bough; green branch with foliageH6288 — Full Word Study →. Noכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → treeעֵץ֙‘êṣ — Tree; wood; timberH6086 — Full Word Study → in the gardenבְּגַן־bə·ḡan- — Garden, cultivated plot of landH1588 — Full Word Study → of Godאֱלֹהִ֔ים’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → could compareדָמָ֥הḏā·māh — To resemble, liken, or compareH1819 — Full Word Study → withאֵלָ֖יו’ê·lāw — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → its beautyבְּיָפְיֽוֹ׃bə·yā·p̄ə·yōw — Beauty, comeliness, or splendorH3308 — Full Word Study →. 9I madeעֲשִׂיתִ֔יו‘ă·śî·ṯîw — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → it beautifulיָפֶ֣הyā·p̄eh — Beautiful, fair, or lovely in appearanceH3303 — Full Word Study → with its manyבְּרֹ֖בbə·rōḇ — Abundance, multitude, or great quantityH7230 — Full Word Study → branchesדָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יוdā·lî·yō·w·ṯāw — Branch, tendril, or hanging vineH1808 — Full Word Study →, the envyוַיְקַנְאֻ֙הוּ֙way·qan·’u·hū — to be jealous, zealous, or enviousH7065 — Full Word Study → of allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the treesעֲצֵי־‘ă·ṣê- — Tree; wood; timberH6086 — Full Word Study → of Edenעֵ֔דֶן‘ê·ḏen — Eden, the garden paradise of Adam's homeH5731 — Full Word Study →, whichאֲשֶׁ֖ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → were in the gardenבְּגַ֥ןbə·ḡan — Garden, cultivated plot of landH1588 — Full Word Study → of Godהָאֱלֹהִֽים׃סhā·’ĕ·lō·hîm — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →.’ 10Thereforeלָכֵ֗ןlā·ḵên — so, thus, rightly, thereforeH3651 — Full Word Study → this is whatכֹּ֤הkōh — thus, so, in this mannerH3541 — Full Word Study → the Lordאֲדֹנָ֣י’ă·ḏō·nāy — Master, LordH136 — Full Word Study → GODיְהוִ֔הYah·weh — The LORD, the covenant God of IsraelH3069 — Full Word Study → saysאָמַר֙’ā·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →: ‘Sinceיַ֕עַןya·‘an — Because; on account of; for the reason thatH3282 — Full Word Study → it became greatגָּבַ֖הְתָּgā·ḇah·tā — to rise up, exalt, or be proud; to make highH1361 — Full Word Study → in heightבְּקוֹמָ֑הbə·qō·w·māh — Height, stature, or elevationH6967 — Full Word Study → and setוַיִּתֵּ֤ןway·yit·tên — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → its topצַמַּרְתּוֹ֙ṣam·mar·tōw — Treetop, highest branch, or summit of a treeH6788 — Full Word Study → amongבֵּ֣יןbên — between, among, in the midst ofH996 — Full Word Study → the cloudsעֲבוֹתִ֔ים‘ă·ḇō·w·ṯîm — Cord, rope, or binding bandH5688 — Full Word Study →, and it grew proudוְרָ֥םwə·rām — To raise, lift up, exalt; to be highH7311 — Full Word Study → on account of its heightבְּגָבְהֽוֹ׃bə·ḡā·ḇə·hōw — Height, loftiness, or exaltationH1363 — Full Word Study →, 11I delivered itוְאֶ֨תְּנֵ֔הוּwə·’et·tə·nê·hū — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → into the handבְּיַ֖דbə·yaḏ — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study → of the rulerאֵ֣יל’êl — strength, mighty one, ram, pillarH352 — Full Word Study → of the nationsגּוֹיִ֑םgō·w·yim — Nation; a people or ethnic groupH1471 — Full Word Study →, for himעָשׂ֤וֹ‘ā·śōw — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → to dealיַֽעֲשֶׂה֙ya·‘ă·śeh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → with it according to its wickednessכְּרִשְׁע֖וֹkə·riš·‘ōw — Wickedness, moral evil, depravityH7562 — Full Word Study →. I have banished itגֵּרַשְׁתִּֽהוּ׃gê·raš·ti·hū — to drive out, expel, thrust awayH1644 — Full Word Study →. 12Foreignersזָרִ֛יםzā·rîm — to turn aside, be strange or foreignH2114 — Full Word Study →, the most ruthlessעָרִיצֵ֥י‘ā·rî·ṣê — Ruthless, violent oppressor; one wielding brutal powerH6184 — Full Word Study → of the nationsגוֹיִ֖םḡō·w·yim — Nation; a people or ethnic groupH1471 — Full Word Study →, cut it downוַיִּכְרְתֻ֧הוּway·yiḵ·rə·ṯu·hū — To cut; to make a covenantH3772 — Full Word Study → and left itוַֽיִּטְּשֻׁ֑הוּway·yiṭ·ṭə·šu·hū — to abandon, forsake, or let goH5203 — Full Word Study →. Its branchesדָלִיּוֹתָ֗יוḏā·lî·yō·w·ṯāw — Branch, tendril, or hanging vineH1808 — Full Word Study → have fallenנָפְל֣וּnā·p̄ə·lū — to fall; collapse; perishH5307 — Full Word Study → onאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the mountainsהֶ֠הָרִיםhe·hā·rîm — Mountain, hill, or elevated land massH2022 — Full Word Study → and in everyוּבְכָל־ū·ḇə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → valleyגֵּ֨אָי֜וֹתgê·’ā·yō·wṯ — ValleyH1516 — Full Word Study →; its boughsפֹֽארֹתָיו֙p̄ō·rō·ṯāw — Leafy bough; green branch with foliageH6288 — Full Word Study → lay brokenוַתִּשָּׁבַ֤רְנָהwat·tiš·šā·ḇar·nāh — to break, shatter, crushH7665 — Full Word Study → in allבְּכֹל֙bə·ḵōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the earth’sהָאָ֔רֶץhā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → ravinesאֲפִיקֵ֣י’ă·p̄î·qê — stream, channel, watercourseH650 — Full Word Study →. And allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the peoplesעַמֵּ֥י‘am·mê — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → of the earthהָאָ֖רֶץhā·’ā·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → leftוַיֵּרְד֧וּway·yê·rə·ḏū — To descend, go down, come downH3381 — Full Word Study → its shadeמִצִּלּ֛וֹmiṣ·ṣil·lōw — shadow; protection; shelterH6738 — Full Word Study → and abandoned itוַֽיִּטְּשֻֽׁהוּ׃way·yiṭ·ṭə·šu·hū — to abandon, forsake, or let goH5203 — Full Word Study →. 13Allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the birdsע֣וֹף‘ō·wp̄ — birdH5775 — Full Word Study → of the airהַשָּׁמָ֑יִםhaš·šā·mā·yim — The heavens; sky; dwelling place of GodH8064 — Full Word Study → nestedיִשְׁכְּנ֖וּyiš·kə·nū — To dwell, inhabit, or settle in a placeH7931 — Full Word Study → onעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → its fallen trunkמַפַּלְתּ֥וֹmap·pal·tōw — Carcass, corpse, or ruinH4658 — Full Word Study →, and allכֹּ֖לkōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the beastsחַיַּ֥תḥay·yaṯ — alive, living, lifeH2416 — Full Word Study → of the fieldהַשָּׂדֶֽה׃haś·śā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study → livedהָי֔וּhā·yū — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → amongוְאֶל־wə·’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → its boughsפֹּארֹתָ֣יוpō·rō·ṯāw — Leafy bough; green branch with foliageH6288 — Full Word Study →. 14This happened so thatלְמַ֡עַןlə·ma·‘an — because of, for the sake of, in order thatH4616 — Full Word Study → noלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → otherכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → treesעֲצֵי־‘ă·ṣê- — Tree; wood; timberH6086 — Full Word Study → by the watersמַ֗יִםma·yim — Water; liquid; fluidsH4325 — Full Word Study → would become greatיִגְבְּה֨וּyiḡ·bə·hū — to rise up, exalt, or be proud; to make highH1361 — Full Word Study → in heightבְקוֹמָתָ֜םḇə·qō·w·mā·ṯām — Height, stature, or elevationH6967 — Full Word Study → andוְלֹֽא־wə·lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → setיִתְּנ֤וּyit·tə·nū — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → their topsצַמַּרְתָּם֙ṣam·mar·tām — Treetop, highest branch, or summit of a treeH6788 — Full Word Study → amongבֵּ֣יןbên — between, among, in the midst ofH996 — Full Word Study → the cloudsעֲבֹתִ֔ים‘ă·ḇō·ṯîm — Cord, rope, or binding bandH5688 — Full Word Study →, and no otherוְלֹֽא־wə·lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → well-wateredשֹׁ֣תֵיšō·ṯê — to drink; consume liquidH8354 — Full Word Study → treesאֵלֵיהֶ֛ם’ê·lê·hem — strength, mighty one, ram, pillarH352 — Full Word Study → would reach themיַעַמְד֧וּya·‘am·ḏū — to stand, take a stand, be establishedH5975 — Full Word Study → in heightבְּגָבְהָ֖םbə·ḡā·ḇə·hām — Height, loftiness, or exaltationH1363 — Full Word Study →. Forכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → they have allכֻלָּם֩ḵul·lām — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → been consignedנִתְּנ֨וּnit·tə·nū — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → to deathלַמָּ֜וֶתlam·mā·weṯ — death, the state of being deadH4194 — Full Word Study →, toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the depthsתַּחְתִּ֗יתtaḥ·tîṯ — lower, beneath, underside; lowest partH8482 — Full Word Study → of the earthאֶ֣רֶץ’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study →, amongבְּת֛וֹךְbə·ṯō·wḵ — midst, among, between, throughH8432 — Full Word Study → the mortalsבְּנֵ֥יbə·nê — Son; descendant; member of a groupH1121 — Full Word Study → who descendי֥וֹרְדֵיyō·wr·ḏê — To descend, go down, come downH3381 — Full Word Study → to the Pitבֽוֹר׃סḇō·wr — Pit, cistern, or dungeon; a deep holeH953 — Full Word Study →.’ 15This is whatכֹּֽה־kōh- — thus, so, in this mannerH3541 — Full Word Study → the Lordאֲדֹנָ֣י’ă·ḏō·nāy — Master, LordH136 — Full Word Study → GODיְהוִ֗הYah·weh — The LORD, the covenant God of IsraelH3069 — Full Word Study → saysאָמַ֞ר’ā·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →: ‘On the dayבְּי֨וֹםbə·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → it was brought downרִדְתּ֤וֹriḏ·tōw — To descend, go down, come downH3381 — Full Word Study → to Sheolשְׁא֙וֹלָה֙šə·’ō·w·lāh — The grave; the abode of the dead; the underworldH7585 — Full Word Study →, I caused mourningהֶאֱבַ֜לְתִּיhe·’ĕ·ḇal·tî — To mourn, lament, or grieveH56 — Full Word Study →. I coveredכִּסֵּ֤תִיkis·sê·ṯî — to cover, conceal, hideH3680 — Full Word Study → the deepתְּה֔וֹםtə·hō·wm — the deep, abyss, primordial watersH8415 — Full Word Study → because of itעָלָיו֙‘ā·lāw — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study →; I held backוָֽאֶמְנַע֙wā·’em·na‘ — to withhold, restrain, or refuse to giveH4513 — Full Word Study → its riversנַהֲרוֹתֶ֔יהָna·hă·rō·w·ṯe·hā — River, StreamH5104 — Full Word Study →; its abundantרַבִּ֑יםrab·bîm — great, many, abundant, mightyH7227 — Full Word Study → watersמַ֣יִםma·yim — Water; liquid; fluidsH4325 — Full Word Study → were restrainedוַיִּכָּלְא֖וּway·yik·kā·lə·’ū — To restrain, hold back, or shut upH3607 — Full Word Study →. I made Lebanonלְבָנ֔וֹןlə·ḇā·nō·wn — White mountainH3844 — Full Word Study → mournוָאַקְדִּ֤רwā·’aq·dir — to be dark; to mourn; to grow gloomyH6937 — Full Word Study → for itעָלָיו֙‘ā·lāw — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study →, and allוְכָל־wə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the treesעֲצֵ֥י‘ă·ṣê — Tree; wood; timberH6086 — Full Word Study → of the fieldהַשָּׂדֶ֖הhaś·śā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study → faintedעֻלְפֶּֽה׃‘ul·peh — Fainting, swooning, loss of consciousnessH5969 — Full Word Study → because of itעָלָ֥יו‘ā·lāw — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study →. 16I made the nationsגוֹיִ֔םḡō·w·yim — Nation; a people or ethnic groupH1471 — Full Word Study → quakeהִרְעַ֣שְׁתִּיhir·‘aš·tî — To shake, tremble, or quake with forceH7493 — Full Word Study → at the soundמִקּ֤וֹלmiq·qō·wl — voice, sound, or cryH6963 — Full Word Study → of its downfallמַפַּלְתּוֹ֙map·pal·tōw — Carcass, corpse, or ruinH4658 — Full Word Study →, when I cast it downבְּהוֹרִדִ֥יbə·hō·w·ri·ḏî — To descend, go down, come downH3381 — Full Word Study → to Sheolשְׁא֖וֹלָהšə·’ō·w·lāh — The grave; the abode of the dead; the underworldH7585 — Full Word Study → withאֶת־’eṯ- — with, together with, againstH854 — Full Word Study → those who descendי֣וֹרְדֵיyō·wr·ḏê — To descend, go down, come downH3381 — Full Word Study → to the Pitב֑וֹרḇō·wr — Pit, cistern, or dungeon; a deep holeH953 — Full Word Study →. Then allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the treesעֲצֵי־‘ă·ṣê- — Tree; wood; timberH6086 — Full Word Study → of Edenעֵ֔דֶן‘ê·ḏen — Eden, the garden paradise of Adam's homeH5731 — Full Word Study →, the choicestמִבְחַ֥רmiḇ·ḥar — best, choice, selectedH4005 — Full Word Study → and bestוְטוֹב־wə·ṭō·wḇ- — good, beneficial, pleasing, wellH2896 — Full Word Study → of Lebanonלְבָנ֖וֹןlə·ḇā·nō·wn — White mountainH3844 — Full Word Study →, allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the well-watered treesשֹׁ֥תֵיšō·ṯê — to drink; consume liquidH8354 — Full Word Study →, were consoledוַיִּנָּ֨חֲמ֜וּway·yin·nā·ḥă·mū — to comfort, console, or show compassion; to repent or change one's mindH5162 — Full Word Study → in the earthבְּאֶ֤רֶץbə·’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → belowתַּחְתִּית֙taḥ·tîṯ — lower, beneath, underside; lowest partH8482 — Full Word Study →. 17Theyהֵ֗םhêm — They, them (masculine plural pronoun)H1992 — Full Word Study → tooגַּם־gam- — also, even, moreover, both...andH1571 — Full Word Study → descendedיָרְד֥וּyā·rə·ḏū — To descend, go down, come downH3381 — Full Word Study → with itאִתּ֛וֹ’it·tōw — with, together with, againstH854 — Full Word Study → to Sheolשְׁא֖וֹלָהšə·’ō·w·lāh — The grave; the abode of the dead; the underworldH7585 — Full Word Study →, toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → those slainחַלְלֵי־ḥal·lê- — to pierce through; to kill or slayH2491 — Full Word Study → by the swordחָ֑רֶבḥā·reḇ — sword; blade weaponH2719 — Full Word Study →. As its alliesוּזְרֹע֛וֹū·zə·rō·‘ōw — arm; power, strength, mightH2220 — Full Word Study → they had livedיָשְׁב֥וּyā·šə·ḇū — to dwell, inhabit, settle, remainH3427 — Full Word Study → in its shadeבְצִלּ֖וֹḇə·ṣil·lōw — shadow; protection; shelterH6738 — Full Word Study → amongבְּת֥וֹךְbə·ṯō·wḵ — midst, among, between, throughH8432 — Full Word Study → the nationsגּוֹיִֽם׃gō·w·yim — Nation; a people or ethnic groupH1471 — Full Word Study →. 18Whoמִ֨יmî — who? what person?H4310 — Full Word Study → thenכָּ֛כָהkā·ḵāh — Thus; in this manner; soH3602 — Full Word Study → is like youדָמִ֥יתָḏā·mî·ṯā — To resemble, liken, or compareH1819 — Full Word Study → in gloryבְּכָב֥וֹדbə·ḵā·ḇō·wḏ — weightiness, honor, splendor, gloryH3519 — Full Word Study → and greatnessוּבְגֹ֖דֶלū·ḇə·ḡō·ḏel — Greatness, magnitude, splendorH1433 — Full Word Study → among the treesבַּעֲצֵי־ba·‘ă·ṣê- — Tree; wood; timberH6086 — Full Word Study → of Edenעֵ֑דֶן‘ê·ḏen — Eden, the garden paradise of Adam's homeH5731 — Full Word Study →? You also will be brought downוְהוּרַדְתָּ֨wə·hū·raḏ·tā — To descend, go down, come downH3381 — Full Word Study → to the depthsתַּחְתִּ֗יתtaḥ·tîṯ — lower, beneath, underside; lowest partH8482 — Full Word Study → of the earthאֶ֣רֶץ’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → to be withאֶת־’eṯ- — with, together with, againstH854 — Full Word Study → the treesעֲצֵי־‘ă·ṣê- — Tree; wood; timberH6086 — Full Word Study → of Edenעֵ֜דֶן‘ê·ḏen — Eden, the garden paradise of Adam's homeH5731 — Full Word Study →. You will lieתִּשְׁכַּב֙tiš·kaḇ — to lie down, recline, sleepH7901 — Full Word Study → amongבְּת֨וֹךְbə·ṯō·wḵ — midst, among, between, throughH8432 — Full Word Study → the uncircumcisedעֲרֵלִ֤ים‘ă·rê·lîm — Uncircumcised; ritually unclean or spiritually unpreparedH6189 — Full Word Study →, withאֶת־’eṯ- — with, together with, againstH854 — Full Word Study → those slainחַלְלֵי־ḥal·lê- — to pierce through; to kill or slayH2491 — Full Word Study → by the swordחֶ֔רֶבḥe·reḇ — sword; blade weaponH2719 — Full Word Study →. Thisה֤וּאhū — He, she, it; the third person pronounH1931 — Full Word Study → is Pharaohפַרְעֹה֙p̄ar·‘ōh — Egyptian rulerH6547 — Full Word Study → and allוְכָל־wə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → his multitudeהֲמוֹנֹ֔הhă·mō·nōh — Crowd, tumult, noise, abundanceH1995 — Full Word Study →, declaresנְאֻ֖םnə·’um — A solemn declaration; utterance of GodH5002 — Full Word Study → the Lordאֲדֹנָ֥י’ă·ḏō·nāy — Master, LordH136 — Full Word Study → GODיְהוִֽה׃סYah·weh — The LORD, the covenant God of IsraelH3069 — Full Word Study →.’”
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Chapter Commentary — Ezekiel 31
Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview

Ezekiel 31 presents a lengthy parable comparing Pharaoh of Egypt to a mighty cedar tree that once dominated the landscape but ultimately fell due to pride and arrogance. Using vivid imagery of nature, the prophet warns that no earthly power—however magnificent or secure it may appear—can escape God's judgment when it exalts itself against Him. The chapter contrasts the tree's former glory with its sudden and complete destruction, serving as a sobering reminder that human greatness apart from obedience to God is ultimately futile and temporary.

Verses 1-5: The Majestic Tree and Its Rise

The passage opens with a specific date (the eleventh year, third month) marking when God's word came to Ezekiel. The prophet is instructed to address Pharaoh with a riddle: to whom does he compare in his greatness? The answer unfolds through the image of the Assyrian king described as a magnificent cedar tree of Lebanon. Verses 3-5 emphasize the tree's unnatural growth—it is exalted in stature, nourished by abundant waters that feed its roots and sustain its expansion. The imagery suggests that the tree's power and reach extended in all directions due to favorable circumstances and resources. This reflects how Pharaoh's Egypt appeared invincible: wealthy, militarily strong, and surrounded by tributaries and allies. The point is not yet judgment, but rather the recognition of earthly splendor that often blinds people to their vulnerability.

Verses 6-9: Pride in Dominion

The tree's dominance becomes complete as other creatures depend upon it. Birds nest in its branches, beasts shelter under it, and all great nations dwell in its shadow (v. 6). This describes a ruler whose power and protection draw lesser nations into vassalage or alliance. Verse 7 emphasizes that the tree's beauty derived from its abundant resources—the waters that nourished it. Verses 8-9 contain a striking declaration: even the trees of Eden's garden (a reference to divine perfection in creation) could not compare to this cedar's beauty. God Himself is depicted as having made the tree beautiful (v. 9), yet this very beauty breeds envy among other trees. Here lies the moral problem: the tree received its gifts from God and used them for dominion over others, allowing its heart to become lifted up in its height (v. 10). Beauty and power, when possessed without humility, become the instruments of spiritual death.

Verses 10-14: The Judgment and Its Lesson

The turning point comes sharply in verse 10. Because the tree exalted itself in height and pride, God delivered him into the hand of the mighty one of the heathen (v. 11)—likely referring to Nebuchadnezzar and Babylon. Strangers cut down the tree, and its branches fall into valleys (v. 12). The creatures that once sheltered beneath it abandon it entirely. Verse 13 describes the haunting image of carrion birds and beasts feasting upon the ruins—a picture of complete desolation. Verses 13-14 contain the prophetic purpose: that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves for their height. The tree's fall is meant as a warning to all other nations and rulers that God will not tolerate pride. All who drink of earthly prosperity are subject to the same fate if they forget their Creator.

Verses 15-18: The Finality of Judgment

The concluding section describes the cosmic mourning that accompanies this great fall (v. 15)—even nature grieves. Verse 16 declares that when God cast the tree down to hell (sheol, the grave), the nations trembled at the sound of its fall. Verses 17-18 apply the parable directly: Pharaoh and all his multitude shall likewise be brought down to the nether parts of the earth, to lie among the uncircumcised slain by the sword. There is no escape for him who refuses to acknowledge God's sovereignty.

Application for Today

Ezekiel 31 challenges believers to recognize that all human power and prosperity are gifts from God held in trust, not possessions to be wielded in pride. Whether nations, leaders, or individuals, we are called to use our resources and influence with humility and in service to God's kingdom. The sudden fall of seemingly invincible kingdoms reminds us that pride precedes destruction, and that lasting security is found only in submission to our Creator.

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