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Deuteronomy 20

BSB·20 verses ·Old Testament
✦ Tap any verse to open Scripture Explorer — original Hebrew/Greek, commentary, notes & highlights
1Whenכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → you go outתֵצֵ֨אṯê·ṣê — To go out, come forth, exitH3318 — Full Word Study → to warלַמִּלְחָמָ֜הlam·mil·ḥā·māh — Battle, warfare, combat, military conflictH4421 — Full Word Study → againstעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → your enemiesאֹיְבֶ֗יךָ’ō·yə·ḇe·ḵā — Enemy; adversary; one who opposesH341 — Full Word Study → and seeוְֽרָאִ֜יתָwə·rā·’î·ṯā — to see, perceive, behold, experienceH7200 — Full Word Study → horsesס֤וּסsūs — horse; swift creatureH5483 — Full Word Study →, chariotsוָרֶ֙כֶב֙wā·re·ḵeḇ — chariot; war vehicleH7393 — Full Word Study →, and an armyעַ֚ם‘am — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → largerרַ֣בraḇ — great, many, abundant, mightyH7227 — Full Word Study → than yoursמִמְּךָ֔mim·mə·ḵā — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study →, do notלֹ֥אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → be afraidתִירָ֖אṯî·rā — to fear, revere, or be afraidH3372 — Full Word Study → of them; forכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֤הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → your Godאֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →, who brought youהַמַּֽעַלְךָ֖ham·ma·‘al·ḵā — to ascend, rise up, go upH5927 — Full Word Study → out of the landמֵאֶ֥רֶץmê·’e·reṣ — Land, earth, or countryH776 — Full Word Study → of Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃miṣ·rā·yim — Egypt, the ancient nationH4714 — Full Word Study →, is with youעִמָּ֔ךְ‘im·māḵ — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study →. 2When you are about toוְהָיָ֕הwə·hā·yāh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → goכְּקָֽרָבְכֶ֖םkə·qā·rā·ḇə·ḵem — to approach, draw near, come forwardH7126 — Full Word Study → intoאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → battleהַמִּלְחָמָ֑הham·mil·ḥā·māh — Battle, warfare, combat, military conflictH4421 — Full Word Study →, the priestהַכֹּהֵ֖ןhak·kō·hên — priest; one who serves in God's sanctuaryH3548 — Full Word Study → is to come forwardוְנִגַּ֥שׁwə·nig·gaš — to draw near, approach, come closeH5066 — Full Word Study → and addressוְדִבֶּ֥רwə·ḏib·ber — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → the armyהָעָֽם׃hā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →, 3sayingוְאָמַ֤רwə·’ā·mar — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study → to themאֲלֵהֶם֙’ă·lê·hem — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study →, “Hearשְׁמַ֣עšə·ma‘ — to hear, listen, obeyH8085 — Full Word Study →, O Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לyiś·rā·’êl — God prevailsH3478 — Full Word Study →, todayהַיּ֛וֹםhay·yō·wm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → youאַתֶּ֨ם’at·tem — You; second-person pronoun (singular or plural)H859 — Full Word Study → are goingקְרֵבִ֥יםqə·rê·ḇîm — to draw near, approach, come closeH7131 — Full Word Study → into battleלַמִּלְחָמָ֖הlam·mil·ḥā·māh — Battle, warfare, combat, military conflictH4421 — Full Word Study → withעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → your enemiesאֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם’ō·yə·ḇê·ḵem — Enemy; adversary; one who opposesH341 — Full Word Study →. Do notאַל־’al- — do not; negative imperative particleH408 — Full Word Study → be faintheartedיֵרַ֣ךְyê·raḵ — to soften, become tender or weakH7401 — Full Word Study → or afraidתִּֽירְא֧וּtî·rə·’ū — to fear, revere, or be afraidH3372 — Full Word Study →; do notוְאַֽל־wə·’al- — do not; negative imperative particleH408 — Full Word Study → be alarmedתַּחְפְּז֛וּtaḥ·pə·zū — to hurry, hasten, or move with urgencyH2648 — Full Word Study → or terrifiedתַּֽעַרְצ֖וּta·‘ar·ṣū — to tremble, dread, or strike with terrorH6206 — Full Word Study → because of themמִפְּנֵיהֶֽם׃mip·pə·nê·hem — face; presence; beforeH6440 — Full Word Study →. 4Forכִּ֚יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֣הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → your Godאֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם’ĕ·lō·hê·ḵem — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → goesהַהֹלֵ֖ךְha·hō·lêḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → with youעִמָּכֶ֑ם‘im·mā·ḵem — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → to fightלְהִלָּחֵ֥םlə·hil·lā·ḥêm — to fight; to consume; to battleH3898 — Full Word Study → for you againstעִם־‘im- — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → your enemiesאֹיְבֵיכֶ֖ם’ō·yə·ḇê·ḵem — Enemy; adversary; one who opposesH341 — Full Word Study →, to give you the victoryלְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַlə·hō·wō·šî·a‘ — To deliver, rescue, or save from dangerH3467 — Full Word Study →.” 5Furthermore, the officersהַשֹּֽׁטְרִים֮haš·šō·ṭə·rîm — Official; administrator; taskmasterH7860 — Full Word Study → are to addressוְדִבְּר֣וּwə·ḏib·bə·rū — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → the armyהָעָ֣םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →, sayingלֵאמֹר֒lê·mōr — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Has anyמִֽי־mî- — who? what person?H4310 — Full Word Study → manהָאִ֞ישׁhā·’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → builtבָּנָ֤הbā·nāh — to build, construct, establishH1129 — Full Word Study → a newחָדָשׁ֙ḥā·ḏāš — new, fresh, recentH2319 — Full Word Study → houseבַֽיִת־ḇa·yiṯ- — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study → and notוְלֹ֣אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → dedicated itחֲנָכ֔וֹḥă·nā·ḵōw — To dedicate, consecrate, or train upH2596 — Full Word Study →? Let him returnיֵלֵ֖ךְyê·lêḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → homeלְבֵית֑וֹlə·ḇê·ṯōw — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study →, orפֶּן־pen- — lest, that not, for fear thatH6435 — Full Word Study → he may dieיָמוּת֙yā·mūṯ — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study → in battleבַּמִּלְחָמָ֔הbam·mil·ḥā·māh — Battle, warfare, combat, military conflictH4421 — Full Word Study → and anotherאַחֵ֖ר’a·ḥêr — another, different, or following person or thingH312 — Full Word Study → manוְאִ֥ישׁwə·’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → dedicate itיַחְנְכֶֽנּוּ׃yaḥ·nə·ḵen·nū — To dedicate, consecrate, or train upH2596 — Full Word Study →. 6Has anyוּמִֽי־ū·mî- — who? what person?H4310 — Full Word Study → manהָאִ֞ישׁhā·’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → plantedנָטַ֥עnā·ṭa‘ — to plant, establish, or fix firmlyH5193 — Full Word Study → a vineyardכֶּ֙רֶם֙ke·rem — Vineyard; a planted garden of grapevinesH3754 — Full Word Study → and notוְלֹ֣אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → begun to enjoy its fruitחִלְּל֔וֹḥil·lə·lōw — to profane, defile, or beginH2490 — Full Word Study →? Let him returnיֵלֵ֖ךְyê·lêḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → homeלְבֵית֑וֹlə·ḇê·ṯōw — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study →, orפֶּן־pen- — lest, that not, for fear thatH6435 — Full Word Study → he may dieיָמוּת֙yā·mūṯ — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study → in battleבַּמִּלְחָמָ֔הbam·mil·ḥā·māh — Battle, warfare, combat, military conflictH4421 — Full Word Study → and anotherאַחֵ֖ר’a·ḥêr — another, different, or following person or thingH312 — Full Word Study → manוְאִ֥ישׁwə·’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → enjoy its fruitיְחַלְּלֶֽנּוּ׃yə·ḥal·lə·len·nū — to profane, defile, or beginH2490 — Full Word Study →. 7Has anyוּמִֽי־ū·mî- — who? what person?H4310 — Full Word Study → manהָאִ֞ישׁhā·’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → become pledgedאֵרַ֤שׂ’ê·raś — to betroth, pledge in marriageH781 — Full Word Study → to a womanאִשָּׁה֙’iš·šāh — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study → and notוְלֹ֣אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → married herלְקָחָ֔הּlə·qā·ḥāh — to take, seize, or receiveH3947 — Full Word Study →? Let him returnיֵלֵ֖ךְyê·lêḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → homeלְבֵית֑וֹlə·ḇê·ṯōw — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study →, orפֶּן־pen- — lest, that not, for fear thatH6435 — Full Word Study → he may dieיָמוּת֙yā·mūṯ — to die; to put to death; to killH4191 — Full Word Study → in battleבַּמִּלְחָמָ֔הbam·mil·ḥā·māh — Battle, warfare, combat, military conflictH4421 — Full Word Study → and anotherאַחֵ֖ר’a·ḥêr — another, different, or following person or thingH312 — Full Word Study → manוְאִ֥ישׁwə·’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → marry herיִקָּחֶֽנָּה׃yiq·qā·ḥen·nāh — to take, seize, or receiveH3947 — Full Word Study →.” 8Then the officersהַשֹּׁטְרִים֮haš·šō·ṭə·rîm — Official; administrator; taskmasterH7860 — Full Word Study → shall speakלְדַבֵּ֣רlə·ḏab·bêr — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → furtherוְיָסְפ֣וּwə·yā·sə·p̄ū — to add, increase, or do againH3254 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → the armyהָעָם֒hā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →, sayingוְאָמְר֗וּwə·’ā·mə·rū — to say, speak, declareH559 — Full Word Study →, “Is anyמִי־mî- — who? what person?H4310 — Full Word Study → manהָאִ֤ישׁhā·’îš — man, male person, husbandH376 — Full Word Study → afraidהַיָּרֵא֙hay·yā·rê — to fear, be afraid, dreadH3373 — Full Word Study → or faintheartedוְרַ֣ךְwə·raḵ — tender, soft, weak, or faint-heartedH7390 — Full Word Study →? Let him returnיֵלֵ֖ךְyê·lêḵ — to go, walk, travel, proceedH1980 — Full Word Study → homeלְבֵית֑וֹlə·ḇê·ṯōw — A house; dwelling place; household; familyH1004 — Full Word Study →, so that the heartsלְבַ֥בlə·ḇaḇ — The inner self; mind, will, understandingH3824 — Full Word Study → of his brothersאֶחָ֖יו’e·ḥāw — Male sibling; brother; kinsmanH251 — Full Word Study → will notוְלֹ֥אwə·lō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → meltיִמַּ֛סyim·mas — To melt, dissolve, or lose courageH4549 — Full Word Study → like his ownכִּלְבָבֽוֹ׃kil·ḇā·ḇōw — The inner self; mind, will, understandingH3824 — Full Word Study →.” 9When the officersהַשֹּׁטְרִ֖יםhaš·šō·ṭə·rîm — Official; administrator; taskmasterH7860 — Full Word Study → have finishedכְּכַלֹּ֥תkə·ḵal·lōṯ — to finish, complete, or bring to an endH3615 — Full Word Study → addressingלְדַבֵּ֣רlə·ḏab·bêr — to speak, say, or declareH1696 — Full Word Study → the armyהָעָ֑םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study →, they are to appointוּפָֽקְד֛וּū·p̄ā·qə·ḏū — to visit, oversee, appoint, care forH6485 — Full Word Study → commandersשָׂרֵ֥יśā·rê — Ruler, leader, or one in authorityH8269 — Full Word Study → to lead itבְּרֹ֥אשׁbə·rōš — Head; chief; beginning; topH7218 — Full Word Study →. 10Whenכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → you approachתִקְרַ֣בṯiq·raḇ — to approach, draw near, come forwardH7126 — Full Word Study → a cityעִ֔יר‘îr — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study → to fightלְהִלָּחֵ֖םlə·hil·lā·ḥêm — to fight; to consume; to battleH3898 — Full Word Study → against itעָלֶ֑יהָ‘ā·le·hā — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study →, you are to make an offerוְקָרָ֥אתָwə·qā·rā·ṯā — To call, summon, or proclaimH7121 — Full Word Study → of peaceלְשָׁלֽוֹם׃lə·šā·lō·wm — Peace, wholeness, well-being, prosperityH7965 — Full Word Study →. 11Ifאִם־’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → they acceptתַּֽעַנְךָ֔ta·‘an·ḵā — To answer, respond, or testifyH6030 — Full Word Study → your offer of peaceשָׁל֣וֹםšā·lō·wm — Peace, wholeness, well-being, prosperityH7965 — Full Word Study → and open their gates, allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the peopleהָעָ֣םhā·‘ām — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → there will becomeיִהְי֥וּyih·yū — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → forced laborersלָמַ֖סlā·mas — Forced labor, taskmaster, or tribute-bearerH4522 — Full Word Study → to serveוַעֲבָדֽוּךָ׃wa·‘ă·ḇā·ḏū·ḵā — to serve, labor, workH5647 — Full Word Study → you. 12But ifוְאִם־wə·’im- — If, whether; conditional conjunction with wide applicabilityH518 — Full Word Study → they refuseלֹ֤אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → to make peaceתַשְׁלִים֙ṯaš·lîm — to complete, make peace, repayH7999 — Full Word Study → with youעִמָּ֔ךְ‘im·māḵ — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study → and wageוְעָשְׂתָ֥הwə·‘ā·śə·ṯāh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → warמִלְחָמָ֑הmil·ḥā·māh — Battle, warfare, combat, military conflictH4421 — Full Word Study → against youעִמְּךָ֖‘im·mə·ḵā — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study →, lay siegeוְצַרְתָּ֖wə·ṣar·tā — to besiege, confine, or press inH6696 — Full Word Study → to that city. 13When the LORDיְהוָ֥הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → your Godאֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → has delivered itוּנְתָנָ֛הּū·nə·ṯā·nāh — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → into your handבְּיָדֶ֑ךָbə·yā·ḏe·ḵā — hand; power, strength, controlH3027 — Full Word Study →, you must putוְהִכִּיתָ֥wə·hik·kî·ṯā — To strike, smite, or defeat with forceH5221 — Full Word Study → everyכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → maleזְכוּרָ֖הּzə·ḵū·rāh — Male, man-child, or male animalH2138 — Full Word Study → to the swordחָֽרֶב׃ḥā·reḇ — sword; blade weaponH2719 — Full Word Study →. 14Butרַ֣קraq — only, merely, nothing butH7535 — Full Word Study → the womenהַ֠נָּשִׁיםhan·nā·šîm — Woman; wife; femaleH802 — Full Word Study →, childrenוְהַטַּ֨ףwə·haṭ·ṭap̄ — young child; little one; infantH2945 — Full Word Study →, livestockוְהַבְּהֵמָ֜הwə·hab·bə·hê·māh — Animal, beast, livestockH929 — Full Word Study →, and whateverוְכֹל֩wə·ḵōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → else isיִהְיֶ֥הyih·yeh — to be, become, exist, happenH1961 — Full Word Study → in the cityבָעִ֛ירḇā·‘îr — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study →allכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → its spoilשְׁלָלָ֖הּšə·lā·lāh — Plunder, spoils of war; prey taken in battleH7998 — Full Word Study →you may take as plunderתָּבֹ֣זtā·ḇōz — to plunder, spoil, or seize as preyH962 — Full Word Study →, and you shall useוְאָֽכַלְתָּ֙wə·’ā·ḵal·tā — to eat, consume, devourH398 — Full Word Study → the spoilשְׁלַ֣לšə·lal — Plunder, spoils of war; prey taken in battleH7998 — Full Word Study → of your enemiesאֹיְבֶ֔יךָ’ō·yə·ḇe·ḵā — Enemy; adversary; one who opposesH341 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֥הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → your Godאֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → givesנָתַ֛ןnā·ṯan — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → you. 15This is howכֵּ֤ןkên — so, thus, rightly, thereforeH3651 — Full Word Study → you are to treatתַּעֲשֶׂה֙ta·‘ă·śeh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → allלְכָל־lə·ḵāl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the citiesהֶ֣עָרִ֔יםhe·‘ā·rîm — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study → that are far awayהָרְחֹקֹ֥תhā·rə·ḥō·qōṯ — distant, far away, remote in space or timeH7350 — Full Word Study → from youמִמְּךָ֖mim·mə·ḵā — from, out of, by means ofH4480 — Full Word Study → and do notלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → belong to theהָאֵ֖לֶּהhā·’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → nations nearbyהַגּֽוֹיִם־hag·gō·w·yim- — Nation; a people or ethnic groupH1471 — Full Word Study →. 16Howeverרַ֗קraq — only, merely, nothing butH7535 — Full Word Study →, in the citiesמֵעָרֵ֤יmê·‘ā·rê — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study → of theהָאֵ֔לֶּהhā·’êl·leh — These; those; the onesH428 — Full Word Study → nationsהָֽעַמִּים֙hā·‘am·mîm — a people; nation; communityH5971 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁר֙’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֣הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → your Godאֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → is givingנֹתֵ֥ןnō·ṯên — to give, grant, or bestowH5414 — Full Word Study → you as an inheritanceנַחֲלָ֑הna·ḥă·lāh — Inheritance; received possession or propertyH5159 — Full Word Study →, you must not leave aliveתְחַיֶּ֖הṯə·ḥay·yeh — To live, to preserve alive, to give lifeH2421 — Full Word Study → anythingכָּל־kāl- — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → that breathesנְשָׁמָֽה׃nə·šā·māh — breath, spirit, life-breathH5397 — Full Word Study →. 17Forכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → you must devote them to complete destructionהַחֲרֵ֣םha·ḥă·rêm — to devote to destruction; to consecrate by destructionH2763 — Full Word Study →the Hittitesהַחִתִּ֤יha·ḥit·tî — Hittite personH2850 — Full Word Study →, Amoritesוְהָאֱמֹרִי֙wə·hā·’ĕ·mō·rî — Canaanite peoplesH567 — Full Word Study →, Canaanitesהַכְּנַעֲנִ֣יhak·kə·na·‘ă·nî — Canaanite; merchant or traderH3669 — Full Word Study →, Perizzitesוְהַפְּרִזִּ֔יwə·hap·pə·riz·zî — Inhabitants of the open landH6522 — Full Word Study →, Hivitesהַחִוִּ֖יha·ḥiw·wî — Hivite peopleH2340 — Full Word Study →, and Jebusitesוְהַיְבוּסִ֑יwə·hay·ḇū·sî — Inhabitant of JebusH2983 — Full Word Study →asכַּאֲשֶׁ֥רka·’ă·šer — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → the LORDיְהוָ֥הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → your Godאֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study → has commanded youצִוְּךָ֖ṣiw·wə·ḵā — to command, order, or appoint with authorityH6680 — Full Word Study →, 18so thatלְמַ֗עַןlə·ma·‘an — because of, for the sake of, in order thatH4616 — Full Word Study → they cannotלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → teachיְלַמְּד֤וּyə·lam·mə·ḏū — To learn; to teach; to become accustomedH3925 — Full Word Study → you to doלַעֲשׂ֔וֹתla·‘ă·śō·wṯ — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → allכְּכֹל֙kə·ḵōl — All, every, whole, totalityH3605 — Full Word Study → the detestable thingsתּֽוֹעֲבֹתָ֔םtō·w·‘ă·ḇō·ṯām — Abomination; something detestable or loathsomeH8441 — Full Word Study → they doעָשׂ֖וּ‘ā·śū — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → for their godsלֵֽאלֹהֵיהֶ֑םlê·lō·hê·hem — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →, and so cause you to sinוַחֲטָאתֶ֖םwa·ḥă·ṭā·ṯem — To sin; to miss the mark; to commit wrongdoingH2398 — Full Word Study → against the LORDלַיהוָ֥הYah·weh — The LORD; God's covenant nameH3068 — Full Word Study → your Godאֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ס’ĕ·lō·hê·ḵem — God, the divine beingH430 — Full Word Study →. 19Whenכִּֽי־kî- — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → you lay siegeתָצ֣וּרṯā·ṣūr — to besiege, confine, or press inH6696 — Full Word Study → toאֶל־’el- — to, toward, against; directional and relational prepositionH413 — Full Word Study → a cityעִיר֩‘îr — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study → for an extendedרַבִּ֜יםrab·bîm — great, many, abundant, mightyH7227 — Full Word Study → timeיָמִ֨יםyā·mîm — day; time; period; ageH3117 — Full Word Study → while fightingלְֽהִלָּחֵ֧םlə·hil·lā·ḥêm — to fight; to consume; to battleH3898 — Full Word Study → against itעָלֶ֣יהָ‘ā·le·hā — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → to capture itלְתָפְשָׂ֗הּlə·ṯā·p̄ə·śāh — To seize, grasp, or take hold of firmlyH8610 — Full Word Study →, you must notלֹֽא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → destroyתַשְׁחִ֤יתṯaš·ḥîṯ — to destroy, ruin, or corruptH7843 — Full Word Study → its treesעֵצָהּ֙‘ê·ṣāh — Tree; wood; timberH6086 — Full Word Study → by puttingלִנְדֹּ֤חַlin·dō·aḥ — to drive away, banish, or thrust outH5080 — Full Word Study → an axeגַּרְזֶ֔ןgar·zen — Axe; a cutting toolH1631 — Full Word Study → to themעָלָיו֙‘ā·lāw — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study →, becauseכִּ֚יkî — because, since, that (conjunction/reason marker)H3588 — Full Word Study → you can eat their fruitתֹאכֵ֔לṯō·ḵêl — to eat, consume, devourH398 — Full Word Study →. You must notלֹ֣אlō — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → cut them downתִכְרֹ֑תṯiḵ·rōṯ — To cut; to make a covenantH3772 — Full Word Study →. Are the treesעֵ֣ץ‘êṣ — Tree; wood; timberH6086 — Full Word Study → of the fieldהַשָּׂדֶ֔הhaś·śā·ḏeh — A field; cultivated or open landH7704 — Full Word Study → humanהָֽאָדָם֙hā·’ā·ḏām — Man, mankind, human beingH120 — Full Word Study →, that you should besiege themבַּמָּצֽוֹר׃bam·mā·ṣō·wr — Siege, fortress, stronghold, defensive fortificationH4692 — Full Word Study →? 20Butרַ֞קraq — only, merely, nothing butH7535 — Full Word Study → you may destroyתַשְׁחִ֖יתṯaš·ḥîṯ — to destroy, ruin, or corruptH7843 — Full Word Study → the treesעֵ֣ץ‘êṣ — Tree; wood; timberH6086 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer- — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → you knowתֵּדַ֗עtê·ḏa‘ — to know, understand, perceiveH3045 — Full Word Study → do notלֹא־lō- — not; negation; absenceH3808 — Full Word Study → produce fruitמַאֲכָל֙ma·’ă·ḵāl — Food, sustenance, or provisions for eatingH3978 — Full Word Study →. Use them to buildוּבָנִ֣יתָū·ḇā·nî·ṯā — to build, construct, establishH1129 — Full Word Study → siege worksמָצ֗וֹרmā·ṣō·wr — Siege, fortress, stronghold, defensive fortificationH4692 — Full Word Study → againstעַל־‘al- — upon, over, against; concerningH5921 — Full Word Study → the cityהָעִיר֙hā·‘îr — City; fortified settlement or townH5892 — Full Word Study → thatאֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer- — who, which, that; when, where, becauseH834 — Full Word Study → is wagingעֹשָׂ֧ה‘ō·śāh — to do, make, or accomplish; to act or performH6213 — Full Word Study → warמִלְחָמָ֖הmil·ḥā·māh — Battle, warfare, combat, military conflictH4421 — Full Word Study → against youעִמְּךָ֛‘im·mə·ḵā — with, together with, amongH5973 — Full Word Study →, untilעַ֥ד‘aḏ — until, till, up to (temporal or spatial limit)H5704 — Full Word Study → it fallsרִדְתָּֽהּ׃פriḏ·tāh — To descend, go down, come downH3381 — Full Word Study →.
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Chapter Commentary — Deuteronomy 20
Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview

Deuteronomy 20 provides Israel with God's law concerning warfare and military conduct. This chapter addresses three main concerns: the spiritual foundation for victory (faith in God's presence), the practical logistics of conscription (who may be exempted), and the ethics of conquest (rules for engagement with different cities and treatment of the land). Throughout, the legislation reflects God's character—combining His promise of victory with calls to righteousness, mercy where appropriate, and stewardship of creation. These laws were meant to guide Israel's conquest of Canaan and establish a framework that subordinated military action to God's moral governance.

Verses 1-4: The Foundation of Faith in Battle

Moses opens with a pastoral exhortation: when Israel faces a seemingly superior enemy, they must not fear. The command "be not afraid" (verse 1) is grounded in a theological reality—the LORD thy God is with thee. This echoes God's covenant promise and His deliverance from Egypt. The priest's role (verses 2-4) is crucial; before any military strategy is deployed, spiritual preparation comes first. The priest reminds the people that the battle ultimately belongs to God, not to human strength or strategy. This prioritizes faith as the first principle of warfare. For believers today, this teaches us that spiritual confidence in God's presence and power must precede our response to any overwhelming challenge.

Verses 5-9: Practical Exemptions and Morale

The officers then announce four categories of exemption from military service. Those who have built a house but not dedicated it, planted a vineyard but not harvested it, or betrothed a wife but not yet married, are excused (verses 5-7). The logic is compassionate: these men have legitimate personal obligations and unfinished blessings; it would be cruel to deny them. Verse 8 adds a fifth category—the "fearful and fainthearted"—because such men pose a morale risk to others. This is not cruelty but wisdom: forcing the afraid to fight spreads fear through the ranks. These exemptions show that God's law balances national duty with personal dignity and acknowledges that fear is real. After these dismissals, capable officers lead the remaining forces (verse 9). The passage demonstrates that biblical leadership considers both the mission and the people.

Verses 10-15: The Offer of Peace to Distant Cities

Before besieging any distant city, Israel must first offer peace (verse 10). If accepted, the city becomes tributary but survives (verse 11). Only if the city refuses and makes war does Israel besiege it (verse 12). Upon victory, males are killed, but women, children, livestock, and spoils are taken (verses 13-14). This law applies to all distant cities—those not part of the Canaanite nations (verse 15). While this seems harsh to modern ears, the framework itself is significant: it mandates an offer of peace before bloodshed and restricts total destruction to specific covenant-breaking nations. God's law always attempted to minimize suffering while accomplishing necessary judgment.

Verses 16-18: Complete Destruction of Canaanite Nations

The seven Canaanite nations occupying the Promised Land face a different fate—complete destruction ("thou shalt save alive nothing that breatheth," verse 16). This harsh command (verses 17-18) is theologically motivated: these nations practiced religious abominations that could seduce Israel into idolatry and sin against God. The conquest serves the preservation of Israel's covenant faithfulness and the judgment of persistent wickedness.

Verses 19-20: Environmental Stewardship

Even in siege warfare, Israel must not needlessly destroy fruit trees (verse 19). The principle is stated clearly: "the tree of the field is man's life." This reveals biblical stewardship—war does not justify environmental destruction. Only non-fruit trees may be cut for siege materials (verse 20). This law protects creation and future sustenance.

Application for Today

Deuteronomy 20 teaches us that faith in God's presence must precede our efforts, that leadership should care for people's welfare, that we should seek peace whenever possible, and that even in conflict, we remain stewards accountable to God's moral law. Believers today face spiritual battles—not literal wars—yet these principles endure: trust God's presence, care for others, pursue reconciliation, and conduct ourselves with integrity reflecting God's character.

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